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Technologies Used in Health Care
Get PDFThe important role of technology is outlined and broader understanding of the term technology supported, i.e. including besides equipment also people’s know-how. The kind, types and ways of application of technologies are discussed in relation to present practice of health care. Finally, the role of AT (adequate technology), TA (technology assessment) and TT (technology transfer) are presented
Health Promotion Activities in the Republic of Macedonia
Get PDFThis course covers the following topics: definitions and basic concepts of health promotion, Macedonian health system and health indicators, the new Macedonian public health policy and priorities, health promotion activities regarding 12 key priorities, advantages and weaknesses of the process of health promotion and future developments
Healthy Cities Project: Phase IV
Get PDFHealthy Cities is a dynamic concept/approach, which seeks to put health high on the political and social agenda of cities and to build a strong movement for public health at the local level. The WHO European Healthy Cities Network consists of a network of cities from around Europe that are committed to a comprehensive implementation of the Healthy Cities concept. Based on the criteria that are renewed every five years, the cities are designated to the WHO Network. Each five-year phase focuses on a number of core priority themes, which are launched with a political declaration and a set of strategic aims. Phase IV (2003–2008) has three core themes being, healthy urban planning, health impact assessment, and healthy ageing, with additional core theme and encourages action to tackle obesity and promote physical activity and active living. In Slovenia, Celje with its around 50.000 inhabitants become one of the 50 cities, included in basic WHO Healthy Cities Network in the Phase IV of the project. It is presented as an example to illustrate this phase of the project
Health and Development
Get PDFBetter health leads to faster economic growth which in turn, leads to healthier populations. Historical studies have shown that a substantial proportion of today's economic wealth can be attributed directly to past achievements in the health sphere. Health contributes to human capital through higher productivity, securing labour supply, through skills and the savings that become available for investment in physical and intellectual capital. Poor health negatively influences labour market productivity as measured by earnings and wages. At the same time, life expectancy increases with income across countries, but at a rate that becomes progressively lower as income increases due to diminishing health returns to income. However, the relationship between wealth and health is not as straightforward as was previously thought. Rather, it seems to be a more complex and multidimensional one and factors other than wealth exist that also influence the health of populations
Mental Health Care
Get PDFMental health conceptualize a state of well-being, perceived self efficacy, competence, autonomy, intergenerational dependence and recognition of the ability to realize one's intellectual and emotional potential. Mental health care are services provided to individuals or communities by agents of the health services or professions to promote, maintain, monitor, or restore mental health. Students will become familiar with extensiveness of the problem, and levels of preventing it. It is illustrated by the case of Slovenia
Strategies for Development and Strengthening of General Practice/Family Medicine as Part of Primary Health Care
Get PDFThe health reforms went diverse ways in different countries, but everywhere under powerful influence of political, economic and social changes. The market principles were proposed (and not very successfully applied) to a situation of poor and apparently egalitarian systems. The importance of primary care was underlined, but it was often disintegrated, overspecialized and inadequately supported. Facing a burden of social problems the centralized state solutions as well as participatory social movements had only momentary effects, so that strengthening of local and family capacities, supported by a team of generalist professionals emerged as the best choice. It was advocated by empirical results in most of developed countries. Based on experience from Croatia and other countries the strategies were identified for implementing the generalist professional approach as a basis of PHC services. Firm political decision, vocational training and development of professional identity of general practice/family medicine (physicians and nurses) were essential starting points. Organizational arrangements, academic/scientific support, and international relations have to stabilize further development
Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease: Basis for Evidence Based Health Promotion and Early Response - Practical Perspective
Get PDFThe adoption by WHO’s member states of the International Health Regulations (2005) represents a paradigm shift away from mandatory reporting of specific diseases to a requirement for ministries of health to notify WHO concerning any potential Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The European Union (EU) has also issued legislation on CDS&C, epidemic early warning and response, bioterrorism, and large number of related fields, including food safety, water quality, zoonotic diseases, blood safety, border controls, data protection and confidentiality etc, that are binding on EU member states. Harmonisation of national public health legislation to this acquis communautaire is a requirement for accession to the EU. This paper reviews the key guidance on strengthening CDS&C systems to meet the IHR and EU requirements, and it attempts to give a brief overview of international resources and implementation activities. If WHO member states are to respect the deadline of 2012 for achieving the stated IHR minimum core capacities, significant domestic investment will also be required, particularly for laboratory strengthening. Furthermore, Field Epidemiology Training Programmes and laboratory scientist training schemes will need to be established within the context of attractive careers in public health
Community Development for Health Promotion
Get PDFDevelopment of a healthy community today represents an important process from different stand point, especially for improvement of population health and for health promotion intervention among vulnerable population groups such as women and children, adolescents, poor people and refugees. Community orientated approach particularly ensures proper identification and meeting the needs of underserved population groups which are most often not recognised among under, either because they belong to special ethnical or cultural groups or to groups of poor. Community strengthening for improvement of their health is realised through the wide and sustainable partnership of local community members, their leaders, supportive organisations, financers and governmental institutions, which is present in all phases of health promotion intervention. Examples of community based health promotion programmes, in world and in Serbia, show that wide partnership ensures improvement of numerous health determinants which is impossible to achieve by isolated health service activities. Authentic community leaders that are educated for successful leadership during all phases have prominence in development of these programmes. Achievement of their long-term sustainability through the multidisciplinary approach is a constant challenge to community based health promotion programmes
Contemporary Concept and Definition of Health Care
Get PDFPaper gives a historical and theoretical overview of understanding and contemporary concept of health care and various levels of prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) in terms of the natural course / history of disease. Special emphasize is given to the primary prevention and preventive medicine, what is disease, how to prevent it, to cure it, and to make its consequences less harmful. Specific examples and practices are presented for the specific measures for prevention of disease, control of risk factors, prevention of mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations, protective procedures for communicable diseases control, as well as monitoring and regulation of environmental pollutants. Primary prevention is to be distinguished from secondary prevention, which is the prevention of complications or after-effects of a drug or surgical procedure, and tertiary prevention, the amelioration of the after-effects of a disease