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Public Health Services- Present Organisation and Challenges for the Future
No full textIn European society very important changes have occurred in recent decades. They brought different health problems. Different interventions were developed in order to preserve health in the society. Health promotion has proved to be one of the most important tools in this field. Implementation of health promotion is not possible without radical changes in approach to and method of work. As this is the case of intervention in several social subsystems, the project method is considered the most adequate tool for implementation of health promotion in organisations. Institutes of Public Health have, due to their role in the society of today, developed various kind of knowledge and skills to facilitate the implementation of project work. They are closely connected with several social subsystems so they stand a real chance of undertaking the role of project co-ordinators in health promotion. The benefits, gained by the institutes of public health through taking part in health promotion projects, will not only be those reflected in broader social community and other organisations. The new working methods will, above all, find their most rapid and positive expression in the very same institutes i.e. in the process of performing their regular professional tasks
Satisfaction of needs and Patient's Expectations of Hospital Care
Get PDFThere is an increasing interest in eliciting feedback from patients to highlight aspects of care that need improvement and to monitor performance and quality of care. Hospitals increasingly need to adopt a patient-centred attitude. Traditionally, assessments have ignored the reports of patients in preference to technical and physiological reports of outcome. Healthcare systems have sought to achieve a balance in services that offer not only clinically effective and evidence based care, but which are also judged by patients as acceptable and beneficial. Questionnaires that ask patients to rate their care in terms of how satisfied they are tend to elicit very positive ratings, which are not sensitive to problems with the specific processes that affect the quality of care delivery. A more valid approach is to ask patients to report in detail on thei
Strategy ''Health for Al''–Nursing Role and Perspective
Get PDFNurses and midwives constitute the majority of the health care workforce in most countries of WHO's European region, and make a significant contribution to health care in a wide range of settings in hospitals and within the primary health care field. We have to motivate nurses, midwives and nursing students to accept the role in the growth of the Public Health, Health Promotion, the Principles of the Health for all and to recognize that health for all and health promotion is something essential for nurses. Recommendations from nursing meetings on these topics should help to do it
Terminology exercise
No full textThe field of public health has a distinctly uncoordinated terminology. The reason for this is that terms are taken over from different other scientific fields or are created according to historical needs and circumstances in different countries. A local jargon is frequently used. The task of this module is to review a group of terms on the enclosed list which will be often used during the public health course. It is expected from students to give short description of definition of previously unknown terms and list of terms which students find ambiguous
Health Education in Practice a Bit Differently Than Usual
Get PDFHealth education is becoming more and more important approach to control various public health problems, epecially in the populations with high percent of older age groups. At the first sight this approach seems to be very easy to practice but to plan and to practice properly this approach in various target groups it is necessary to have certain knowledge and skills. On one hand there exist different target groups in the process of health education with different needs and with different level and capacity of accepting the information on health. Practice of health education in old age groups differs substantially from the practice in adolescents or preschool children. On the other hand health professionals with different undergraduate background could be involved in the process of health education among them also physicians. In Slovenia, physicians of different speciality, especially general practitioners and family medicine specialists could be involved in health education on different occasions. Getting certain skills in health education could be of enormous importance for them
Supportive Environments for Health
Get PDFThe environment influences our health in many ways through exposures to physical, chemical and biological risk factors, and through related changes in our behavior in response to those factors. Globally, nearly one quarter of all deaths and of the total disease burden can be attributed to the environment. These findings have important policy implications, because the environmental risk factors can be modified by established, cost-effective interventions. The process of building an intersectoral approach, which recognizes all facets of a community, helps in both making and implementing a LEHAP. Coordinated actions can promote development strategies with multiple social and economic co-benefits, in addition to global health gains, both immediate and long term. Repositioning the health sector to act more effectively on preventive health policies, while enhancing intersectoral partnerships, is thus critical to addressing the environmental causes of disease and injury, and achieving better health for all. Our case study presents an example of intersectoral approach that resulted in a successful implementation of measures at different levels in local community to reduce air pollution in the urban area of Celje
Violence and Injury Prevention – Challenges For Health Promotion in Macedonia
Get PDFWorld Health Organization estimated 5.1 million deaths from injuries in 2002 in the world or 9% of all deaths, disproportionately affecting the young. These are a leading cause of premature death and DALYs at age of 5 to 45 years. In Europe injuries are third leading cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases and cancers with 800,000 or 8.3%. Injuries can be avoided and prevented. Many effective strategies can be used to target high risk groups and to reduce health consequences for victims of injuries. The health sector can play a key role in injury and violence prevention and control, by providing care and services to victims, prevention and advocacy, and engaging in partnerships with other sectors and across all levels of government and society. Decreasing the burden from injuries will require political commitment across all government levels and with this the allocation of adequate resources to take these activities forward. Future challenges for injury and violence prevention and health promotion, that the countries including Macedonia would face are: developing national action plans for unintentional injury and violence prevention, forming an intersectoral injury prevention committee, improving national surveillance system, strengthening national capacity to respond to the burden of injuries and violence through both primary prevention and care, promoting evidence-based practice by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and experience across the Region, recognize gaps in knowledge and prioritize research and development in both primary prevention and care, as well as studies on costs
Mental Health in Community Life
Get PDFMental health is considered a public health problem due to the following particularities of the mental diseases: high incidence and prevalence; long term duration, with consequences over family, social and professional life; cause severe disability; high cost imposed on individual, family and community; associated stigma and discrimination. The main determinants of mental health are: socio-economic, demographic and psychological factors. Public health can bring a major contribution to the improvement of mental health by its main functions, such as: needs evaluation, priority setting, policy development, health promotion and disease prevention, mental health services research and development. According to WHO recommendations, mental health services should be organized based on principles of accessibility, coordinated care, continuity of care, effectiveness, equity and respect for human rights. As well, mental health care should be provided through general health services and community settings. Large and centralized psychiatric institutions need to be replaced by other more appropriate mental health services. The shifting of patients from mental hospitals to care in the community should be based, primarily on the existence of a mental health policy that promotes the development of community-based care. Policies should be drawn up with the involvement of all stakeholders and should be based upon up-to-date and reliable information. Mental health policy and service provision should take into account the context of general health systems organization and financing. For a successful implementation of the mental health policy, political, legislative, financial and administrative support is required
Team Building
Get PDFBecause there are no pure formal or informal organisations in real world, one may conclude that an organisation is a mix of formal and informal groups. Thus, its performance depends on the management ability to recognise the existence of these groups, to transform them from groups into working teams, to motivate and stimulate them to achieve organisation’s goals. We must differentiate the concept of group versus the concept of team. A simple definition of the group can be: two or more persons who come into contact for a purpose and who consider the contact meaningful. A team has to accomplish bigger goals than any individual group. The purpose of a team is to perform, achieve results and be successful in the organisation or marketplace. The literature describes several types of groups according to a set of criteria. Formal groups (work team) is created by an organisation in order to achieve a certain goal, being recognised and receiving full support from the organisation. Informal groups arise from natural attractions among individuals for social reinforcement or other benefits. They seldom share the organisational objectives and have a temporary basis.The roles within a team actually represent tasks and functions in the self-management of the team's activities. Belbin developed a test to identify individual team roles. Many teams go through a life-cycle of stages, firstly identified by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 as: forming, storming, norming and performing. This model has become the basis for further models of group development, principally adding the 5th phase of adjourning. If there are many advantages of the teamworking, there are also disadvantages that should be considered by a manager when building a team