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Assoziationen zu Ober-, Basis- und Unterbegriffen : eine explorative Studie
Get PDFDer vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Organisation des mentalen Lexikons mithilfe einer Assoziationsstudie, in der die Stimuli hinsichtlich ihrer Begriffsebene (Oberbegriffe (z.B. Tier), Basisbegriffe (z.B. Vogel) und Unterbegriffe (z.B. Papagei)) sowie ihrer morphologischen Struktur (Komposita - Simplizia) variieren. Frühere Assoziationsstudien weisen auf eine zentrale Stellung der Basisbegriffe in unserem Wortschatz hin. Im Blickpunkt psycholinguistischer Forschung zu Komposita steht die Frage, ob diese in unserem mentalen Lexikon als Gesamtwort gespeichert bzw. verarbeitet werden oder, abhängig von ihrer semantischen Transparenz in ihren Konstituenten segmentiert sind (z.B. Regenschirm in Regen und Schirm oder Maulwurf in Maul und Wurf). Unsere Resultate unterstützen die Annahme, dass die semantische Transparenz von Komposita auch Assoziationscharakteristika beeinflusst
Case Study of Analysis and Targets Setting in Workplace Health Promotion: Pilot Implementation of Health Environment and Safety Management in Enterprises (HESME) Program in the Republic of Macedonia
Get PDFHESME program concept is based on building and strengthening existing national structures and practices for health promotion at workplace, occupational health and safety, and environmental health. As part of the global HESME program, which includes different activities in the Republic of Macedonia, HESME pilot projects in two enterprises in 2003/2004 were aimed at analysis and setting targets of workplace health promotion. The analysis was made by the Institute of Occupational Health, WHO Collaborating Center and conclusions and recommendations to all stakeholders were presented. Workplace health promotion needs and priorities were defined: control of work environment hazards, smoking and alcohol consuming, encouragement of sport activities. Dealing with health problems (specific indications on stress, muscle pains, injuries at work, respiratory and allergy problems) and addiction problems (alcohol consuming, smoking), application of self-protection measures, education of managerial team on workplace hazards and ergonomics. HESME pilot implementation in both enterprises is centered on encouraging the integration of workplace health promotion issues at enterprise level as preparation for further steps
Implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health in the Republic of Macedonia
Get PDFChildhood is a critical component of the health care life cycle. The objective of this Protocol is to promote at all appropriate levels, nationally as well as in transboundary and international contexts, the protection of human health and well-being, both individual and collective, within a framework of sustainable development, through improving water management, including the protection of water ecosystems, and through preventing, controlling and reducing waterrelated diseases. This is especially important for children as the most vulnerable group of population. Status of access to safe drinking water supply and improved sanitation in the Republic of Macedonia was reviewed, as well as the related health impacts
Situation Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Albania: Case-study
Get PDFAlbania today is still a low HIV prevalence country, but major concerns exist that since the 1990s there has been an uncontrollable increase in the risk-behaviours coupled with spontaneous massive internal and external migration, and a lack of information about the causes and prevention of HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2004, there were 149 HIV cases in Albania, of which 48 cases of AIDS (with 25 deaths). Sexual transmission, both homosexual and heterosexual, accounts for over 90% of HIV cases in Albania and the age-group most affected is 30-40 years old. The majority of reported HIV cases were acquired outside Albania. According to projections of the National HIV/AIDS Program, in 2010, the number of HIV cases might reach 10,000-15,000 if the necessary prevention measures would not be taken. Thus, after 2000, there was an emerging need for a national strategy of control and prevention of HIV/AIDS in Albania. This was due to the increasing number of new cases every year as a consequence of risky behaviors especially among the risk-sexually active population. By the end of 2003, the Ministry of Health approved the National Strategy of Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS in Albania: 2004-2010. As Albania has signed the Millennium Declaration, the approval of the National Strategy on HIV/AIDS confirms the commitment of the government to achieve the Millennium Development Goals
Skin Cancer Prevention and Screening in the Republic of Macedonia
Get PDFSkin cancer is among the most common types of cancer. The incidence of skin cancer is very high and raising worldwide, especially its most serious and aggressive form, melanoma. Severe childhood sunburn and long term sun exposure over many years are the leading risk factors for skin cancer. Macedonia is situated in the region with high UV index of radiation and has an average annual incidence of skin cancer, compared with other countries in Europe and in the world. Almost all skin cancers are preventable and they are highly curable if detected and treated early. Even malignant melanoma is almost 100 percent curable if detected early, before the cancer has invaded into the deeper layers of the skin. Since the year 2005 a new technology, dermatoscopy, has been introduced in the routine practice at the Clinic of Dermatology at the Clinical Center in Skopje. This new method of skin cancer detection makes possible diagnosis of melanoma in in situ stadium. It was the starting point for multiple activities and programs, which the Clinic has undertaken within the last two years, for prevention, screening and early detection of the skin cancer, as well as managing further appropriate cure. A new dermato-oncology unit was founded within the Clinic of Dermatology. Currently it is engaged in: clinical protocols of diagnosis and prevention, educational activities and informative campaigns, education of medical staff for working with this category of patients, selection of patients into groups (patients with low and high risk for developing skin cancer) and their followup in regular intervals, creating medical records in electronic form for each patient, promotion of dermatoscopy as a method, use of modern information and communication technologies (telemedicine, teledermatology) and active participation in the international activities for skin cancer control
Education and Training as Part of Health Practice
Get PDFEducation, training and permanent learning are essential for health manpower development
Health Care as a System: Elements, Boundaries, Levels
Get PDFIntroduction to system analysis and health care system. A systematic examination of a system (situation, problem) is described. Elements and boundaries of health care system. Description and taxonomy of health care system. Levels of health care with characteristics of each level. Two exercises are given
Introduction to Primary Care
No full textPeople experience a lot of health problems during their life. They deal with most of them by themselves, an only a minority of their health concerns deserves a need for professional help. Every health care system has its medical doctor of first contact, who works in the interface of the population and health care. It is characteristic that primary health care takes care of health problems that are common
Legislative Background for Marketing Authorisation of the Biosimilar Medical Products in EU
Get PDFThe article presents a legislative overview of the medicinal products from biotechnological source, which are derived from living organisms so called biosimilars. Since 2004, based on Directive 2004/27/EC the term “biogeneric” does not exist any more and the therapeutic proteins including, recombinant human insulin for the treatment of diabetes, human growth hormone for the treatment of hypo-pituitary dwarfism, interferon, erythropoietin for the treatment of anaemia in cases of chronic renal failure, various blotting factors referred to an original medicinal products are called ""biosimilars"". All these biological medicinal product often heterogeneous so that modern analytical methodology could not always characterize them in terms of differences in conformation, heterogeneity and impurity profiles. Since 20 November 2005 the Marketing authorization way for biosimilars is via the Centralized Procedure pursuant Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex 1. In year 2006-2007 the number of the submitted medicinal product to EMEA is 14. The survey follows and discusses the issues which are necessary for the marketing authorization of all these medicinal products to prove the safety, efficacy and quality, where appropriate pre-clinical tests or clinical trials relating to these conditions must be provided