BieColl - Bielefeld eCollections
Not a member yet
1004 research outputs found
Sort by
Health Promotion in Croatia and Experiences with the First National Health Promotion Project
Get PDFThe paper describes a very specific historical development of health promotion and health education in Croatia, based on Andrija Stampar ten principles written at the beginning of the last century. Since 1927, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health has been the initiator, facilitator, leader and evaluator of different health promotion and community-based programs in Croatia and abroad. The activities and approaches passed different periods: the early bird of modern public health and enlightenment approach to health education and community health, period from sixties to eighties emphasizing community interventions, self-help movement and Family Practice, war and postwar time as well as current situation. The paper is critically discussing similar situation in South-Eastern countries: some very positive experiences from the past, the new possibilities in development of health promotion and disease prevention activities, but, on the other hand, the strong influence of supporters from abroad. Therefore, the experiences of the First National Health Promotion project, supported by World Bank, is described in details
Healthy Public Policy
Get PDFA supportive environment, which enables people to lead healthy lives is of utmost importance for populations being healthy. Healthy public policy is one of the most important approaches to achieve this goal. Healthy public policy is a policy “characterized by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy, and by accountability for health impact. Main building blocs of healthy public policy are: societal goals focused in health of the population, enhancement of public opinion for health, gaining support of economy in implementation of healthy public policy, funding for health, creating health-supportive informational systems, and civil society enrolment
Level of Education and Health Status of the Different Social Groups: Case Study Macedonia
Get PDFThe educational level is an important indicator within the socioeconomical status for health evaluation and a powerful instrument in promotion of population’s health. In 2000 a study conducted in R. Macedonia, in 15 municipalities with different gross national product per capita, encompassing 1129 examinees older than 18 years. The results of the conducted research showed statistically significant association of the educational level with the morbidity. Higher morbidity emerges in persons that are illiterate (78,57%) and in those who have completed only 1-3 elementary school grades (77,08%). There is also an interaction between the mortality and the educational level. Persons with lower educational level have higher mortality rate. What kind of interaction is there between the educational level and the positive health? People with lower educational level are more susceptible to diseases; they are less informed which leads to a poor health. Morbidity and mortality rates are lower in people with higher educational level, who also have high level of self-informing that augments their health awareness and culture, leading towards positive health. According to many research studies, the mechanisms that link education to positive health are the employment and self-satisfaction with the job, healthy lifestyle, psycho-social resources etc. There is a mutual negative effect between poverty and lack of education that provides skills and information needed for managing the stress situations life brings with itself. Education, employment and incomes increase the capacity of self-control, and that condition strengthen the health in relation to the environment The social support, which is most frequent in persons with higher educational level, promotes health and decreases mortality through physiological mechanisms of the environment. People with higher educational level most likely will look for preventive health care (yearly check-ups for health control, immunization and other preventive examinations) and will probably not abuse alcohol and drugs. Preparation of various programs for applying the health education will contribute in the process of directing the individual to correct behavior that leads towards positive health, opposite the hostile influences of the social environment, which leads to bad quality in health (based on the education)
Social-economic Inequalities and Risk Groups Vulnerability in SEE Countries
Get PDFThe aim of this module is to explore the connection between certain social and economic factors and conditions as determinants of vulnerability and social exclusion of some risk groups and possible main changes in the health status of the population in South Eastern European countries within the last almost twenty years of post-communist transition. The available data regarding the demographics, economic and health statistics of the morbidity and causes of death, as well as the expected influence of various social-economic factors to certain risk and vulnerable groups and their possible health consequences, were analyzed. Based on the observations and conclusions, directions and suggestions are given for appropriate strategies and programmes directed toward mitigating and overcoming the adverse conditions and problems related to the health status and health protection of the vulnerable groups and the total population in the SEE countries
Evidence Based Policy - Practical Approaches. The Bulgarian National Health Strategy 2007-2012
Get PDFIn recent years we have seen the successful implementation of new methods in formulating health policy, based on sound research data – the so called evidence based policy. This new approach to health policy helps experts formulate decisions on the basis of good information concerning programs and projects, through presenting supporting evidence from research, which in turn becomes the core for political development and implementation. We decided to analyze the project for a National health strategy 2007-2012 of Bulgaria and see how well it corresponds to the principles of evidence based policy. Critical evaluation of the last draft of the National health strategy 2007-2012 reveals a number of weaknesses due to the documents’ inconformity with the basic principles of evidence based policy making. We conclude with a discussion on possible implications for Bulgaria’s health policy
Healthy City
Get PDFThe World Health Organization (WHO), Office for Europe initiated the Healthy Cities Project in 1986 as a long-term international development project that seeks to put health on the agenda of the local, city level political decision-makers. Healthy City is a process; it is about the change, innovation and formal system reorientation. It is not award recognizing past merits; it is a tool helping to address our cities present and future societal and developmental challenges. The Healthy City Project challenges city administrations to take seriously the process of developing health–enhancing public policies and create physical and social environments that support health but, as well, strengthen citizens’ participation
Hospital in Meeting Comprehensive Health Goals
Get PDFThe Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion put forward the idea that health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life. This settings approach to HP led to a number of initiatives, among them HPH. The HPH strategy focuses on four areas: promoting the health of patients, promoting the health of staff, changing the organization to a health promoting setting, and promoting the health of the community in the catchments area of the hospital. The need for and the relevance of setting standards for HP in hospitals was realized in the International Network of HPH, which acts as a network of networks linking all national and/or regional networks. It supports the exchange of ideas and strategies implemented in different cultures and health care systems, developing knowledge on strategic issues and enlarging the vision. Nowadays, the International Network of HPH comprises 30 member states, 33 national and/or regional networks and more than 650 hospitals. There is international consensus that patients should be given recommendations, guidance, and support with regard to HP in hospitals. An important element is the activation of the patient’s individual resources and competences in coping with disease. Example of effective intervention of this type of services is the case of Golnik hospital, where introducing specific type of treatment for specific group of patients has developed from hospital vision to national clinical pathway implementation
Selective vs. Integrated PHC
No full textThe major division of health care appeared in many societies between private curative and public preventive health care. This influenced all types of health services, hospitals and primary health care units, as well as education of professionals and research. The opponents of integration have been pointing out negative experiences with integration because preventive services often have been ""eaten up"" by curative services. A special service is used in vertical programs as a vehicle to provide necessary procedures and activities to cover groups ""at risk"". There are several characteristics of vertical programs which determine their role in primary health care, which are analyzed in this module
Multiethnic but multilingual as well? The Linguistic Landscapes of Vilnius
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the linguistic landscapes of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. The aim of this analysis is to define which languages are visible in public sphere in four of the city's districts and constitute its linguistic landscape. Backed up by a corpus of 878 digital pictures of shop signs, placards, posters, graffiti and other displays of written language, the study determines the number of languages used on signs and the functions they fulfill in the given context. These findings are then compared with the number of speakers of different languages within the same area to find out if the linguistic landscape of Vilnius resembles the city's ethnolinguistic diversity. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the phenomenon of the spread of English