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Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Control
Get PDFThe CVD (heart disease and stroke, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure) today are the cause of the greatest public health pandemic globally in the history of the world ever, with very high morbidity and death rate, and economical and social consequences. CVD are the number one killer and cause more than 50% of all deaths. CVD are a major cause of disability, health and human suffering. Social and economic losses are high and CVD cause 25-30% of all medical expenses. The risk factors for CVD are well known and largely preventable through health education and health promotion. The medical knowledge for effective prevention is available and health promotion programmes for prevention of CVD have a huge public health potential leading to increased productivity among the working age population, to improved functional capacity among elderly, to diminishing health inequalities, to a reduced needs for health and social services, and to an increased quality of life to everybody. The resources needed for CVD prevention and heart health promotion are modest in relation to the huge health service costs to society caused by CVD. There is a marked divergence between the advances in the expensive clinical medicine management and the much lower costs for prevention of the CVD. The output is a condensed informative, educative and action programme encompassing the following aspects of the CVD: epidemiology, social medicine, economics, information, clinical aspects, quantization, “home medicine”, research, and the future. There is a significant weakness and under-motivation of the CVD prevention in many countries. The action for CVD prevention should be comprehensive encompassing health education and health promotion activities toward healthy life styles, capacity building and strengthening, monitoring and evaluation of the policy and programme interventions impact, advancing public health policy, and engaging relevant stakeholders and sectors in partnerships in order to reverse the CVD epidemic
Health Promoting Workplaces
Get PDFWorkplace health promotion is a process of actively achieving health at workplace by changing working and living conditions. As a key concept it includes measures aimed both at individual and at environmental level from different areas. Good practice in workplace health promotion demands statutory requirements and strong motivation. Increasing consciousness and responsibility for health, identification and dissemination of models of good practice, development and incorporating adequate policies are priorities in workplace health promotion. The basic principles on which workplace health promotion has to be developed are: awareness raising, setting up infrastructure and service management. Beneficial effects can be achieved on individual, enterprise and society levels. The Institute of Occupational Health, WHO Collaborating Center, plays a major role in launching the first workplace health promotion activities in the Republic of Macedonia (education programs for stress managing at workplace, tobacco free workplaces), but the strongest impulse for workplace health promotion in the country is created by the implementation of the WHO’s Health, Environment and Safety Management in Enterprises (HESME) program
National Health Survey- Precondition for a Preventive and Health Promotion Intervention: Methodology and Implementation of 2003 Croatian Adult Health Survey
Get PDFThe paper describes the experiences of Croatian Adult Health Survey (CAHS) conducted in 2003 and targeted adult population (persons aged 18 years orolder) who are living in private dwellings in Croatia. Survey covered approximately 98% of the Croatian population aged 18 or older. CAHS included topics around the health status, determinants of health (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, alcohol use) and use of health care services by Croatians. Three levels of objectives are presented. The first level objectives were to provide timely, reliable, cross-sectional estimates in order to support the work around developing a public health information system and enhancing the national efforts in health promotion. The second level specific goals included gathering data for six major regions of Croatia and creating a survey instrument that could be used as a benchmark for future studies. The third level components were oriented toward development of public policy -to provide data for analytical studies, data on the economic, social, demographic, occupational and environmental correlates of health for understanding of the relationship between health status and health care utilization. Methodology and implementation of 2003 Croatian Adult Health Survey (stratification, sample and household sampling strategy, data collection and response rate as well as data processing, weighting and estimation are described in details. In conclusion, National Health Survey is a precondition for a preventive and health promotion intervention. Using the data from National Health Survey, health care professionals and policy makers are able to produce in-depth analysis supporting development of national health strategy and to improve the health of population
Old Paradigms and New Programs: The Need for an Interactive Device for Promoting Health and Preventing Disease
Get PDFTo understand the complexities of creating an effective health promotion and disease prevention strategy, conventional wisdom in this field must be assessed critically and thoroughly. The rapidity of change—scientifically, clinically, and politically—in the health care sphere, requires a holistic understanding of the health of the public, the evolving patterns of disease, and the efficacy of the health care system. This paper provides a framework for assessing the current state of disease prevention and health promotion, integrating traditional paradigms into new programs for confronting changing socio-cultural as well as biomedical forces. Particular eras and paradigms in public health will be examined and discussed. The interdependency of human phenomena—biological, psychological, socio-cultural, and behavioral—is explained. Misconceptions of aspect of how individuals respond to the theory and practice of health behavior such as the health belief model will be discussed. Building on classic conceptual schemes in social medicine in conjunction with the health care ecology model will be explored in terms of a potential synthesis of concepts and applications. The aim of this proposal is to update and reinvigorate disease prevention and health promotion perspectives by demonstrating the significant role they play for improving the health of the public
Preventive Programmes in Family Medicine : Case study Croatia
No full textMany of contacts between the physician and the patient enable primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The majority of preventive programs provided in family medicine are focused on cardiovascular and malignant diseases. In order to improve prevention in family medicine, a concept of pro-active prevention has been developed. Therefore, a patient-oriented approach is recommended in which a phyisician encourages preventive actions and provides preventive procedures during consultations made for different reasons. The program elements to be determined in advance include target group definition; frequency and method of a target group coverage, recording target group response, risk factor(s) measurement and follow up of patients with positive screening results. The preventive programs in family medicine should be developed and implemented on evidence-based guidelines. The paper describes organization of Family Medicine Services in Croatia and Preventive activities in the Family Medicine Services. The Health Care Measure Plan and Programme is included in the Contract between the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance and each GP. GPs in Croatia are obliged to provide all preventive activities but, however, there are no mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. The contracted GPs realize the biggesr part of income grom capitation fees. In fact, the there is a lack of financial and professional incentives for GPs to provide preventive activities in the routine daily work
Promoting Mental Health
Get PDFMental health promotion is an umbrella term that covers a variety of strategies, all aimed at increasing internal capacity or having a positive effect on mental health. In praxis, the encouragement of individual skills and resources for improvements in the socioeconomic environment are leading among them. But, defined by WHO in 1998 health promotion is action and advocacy to address the full range of potentially modifiable determinants of health. That means that mental health promotion requires multisectoral action, involving a number of government sectors such as health, education, employment/industry, environment, transport and social and community services as well as non-governmental or communitybased organizations such as health support groups, churches, clubs and other bodies
Human Development and health Practice
Get PDFDevelopment is not only economic category, but a complex issue
Psychotherapeutic Service as Integral Part of Comprehensive health Care
No full textThis module describes the history and present status of psychotherapy in Austria and Slovenia. Austrian psychotherapy is one of the most developed in the world and a good example of positive development. Slovenian psychotherapy is confronted with many problems of a country in transition
Qualitative Naturalistic Approach
Get PDFThe use of qualitative and consensus building techniques enables better understanding and improved collaboration among “policy stakeholders” (politicians, administration, public health professionals and community) involved in needs assessment and health policy formulation. War, migration, and transition in South East Europe hardened most of public health activities but especially made the process of health needs assessment and formulation of health policy very difficult. Qualitative analytical methods have been introduced in Croatia over the last 10 years. Nine Croatian cities and 15 Croatian counties created City/County Health Profiles and City/County Health Plans by using qualitative methods. The greatest gain from introducing the qualitative analytical approach is wider participation in planning and managing of the resources for health at all levels, from community and regional to national level. Qualitative analytical approach was conducted through an intense and prolonged contact with a field, and real community life, enabling gaining of a 'holistic' overview of the local community
Televison as saviour for endangered languages? - A survey among Scottish-Gaelic teenagers
Get PDFThe following article focuses on the use of media offers to strengthen endangered languages. A general introduction to situations of language endangerment is given and arguments for the use of minority language media offers to strengthen endangered languages are presented. An important question concerning this issue is, if media offers, due to the fact that media are to a great extent language-based, are able to directly encourage speakers of minority languages to use the language in question more often. A case study conducted among Gaelic-speaking teenagers tries to find a very general answer to this question for Scottish Gaelic. The study focuses on the attitude of the participants towards Gaelic, their use of the language and of Gaelic language television programmes. Findings regarding the use of television programmes are analysed regarding their impact on the language skills of the participants