62 research outputs found
The role of intestinal microbiota in T cell-mediated experimental arthritis. Lessons from the mouse gut
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200684.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud University, 19 februari 2019Promotores : Kraan, P.M. van der, Berg, W.B. van den Co-promotores : Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Koenders, M.I
Mode unter dem Kreuz - Rogier van der Weyden und seine Zeit
No full textBetrachtet man heute Heiligendarstellungen in Kreuzigungsdarstellungen wie jenen von Rogier van der Weyden, besticht das äußere Erscheinungsbild der Protagonisten durch einen hochmodischen Auftritt. Dadurch wird das dargestellte Geschehen dem Betrachter in einer zuvor nicht gekannten Unmittelbarkeit präsentiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit zu Mode unter dem Kreuz befasst sich daher mit der Beziehung von Zeitmode und Heiligentracht unter dem Kreuz und deren Darstellungsentwicklung im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert, und versucht das Wesen der medialen Kommunikation zwischen Heiligenbildern und Auftraggebern zu erfassen, um Evidenz und Entwicklung des vestimentären Codes aufzuzeigen.
Zwischen Giotto und dem Meister des Bartholomäus-Altars wurde die Kleidung der Protagonisten zu einem bildimmanenten Gestaltungsmittel. In der Paduaner Kreuzigung von Giotto und in der erweiterten Kreuzigung Ambrogio Lorenzettis, die eine Bühne für zahlreiche Statisten ist, wurde das Zeitkostüm der Protagonisten zu einem bildlichen Ausdrucksträger, der das Geschehen in die Gegenwart der Betrachter rückte und so seine Glaubwürdigkeit verstärkte. In der französischen Buchmalerei vermischen sich märchenhafte Phantasiekostüme der Buchilluminatoren mit der frühen burgundischen Mode, z.B. in der Kreuzigungsszene der Très Riches Heures der Gebrüder Limbourg. Jan van Eyck kleidet die Kreuzigungsfiguren in prächtige, z. T. der burgundischen Mode entlehnte Kostüme. Rogier van der Weyden und seine Zeitgenossen verfeinern die Darstellung mit größter Sorgfalt und exklusivem Raffinement. Eine Steigerung erfährt die Behandlung des Kostüms in den manierierten Szenen von Dirk Bouts und an der Schwelle zur Renaissance, z.B. von den Figuren des Meisters des Bartholomäus-Altars. Bei all diesen Darstellungen besticht das äußere Erscheinungsbild einiger Protagonisten durch einen modischen und extrem textilaufwendigen Auftritt. Maria Magdalena, oftmals gekleidet in engem Surkot und in erotischer Silhouette, oder Josef von Arimathia in auffälligen Beinkleidern mit kostbar verbrämten Wämsen und Mänteln, bestimmen die Silhouette auf dem Berg Golgotha. Diese Beobachtung führt zu der Frage, wie nahe die jeweiligen Protagonisten der damaligen Zeitmode waren, und ob diese „Verhüllungen“ von Heiligen, deren Biographie einen starken Bezug zur Kleidung hat, von Anfang an als mediales Konstrukt bildlich eingesetzt wurden. Kleidung wird bei den Darstellungen des Hl. Franziskus oder der Hl. Maria Magdalena zu einer „sprechenden Hülle“ des Körpers. So hat die synthetisierte Vita der Hl. Maria Magdalena im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert, die sich aus der Maria aus Magdala, der Maria Ägyptica, der Maria aus Bethanien und teilweise auch aus der komplexen Vita der Maria Salome zusammensetzt, mehrere vestimentäre Hüllenvorgaben, also eine ganze Kleiderkammer für die Darstellung zur Verfügung. Schauplatz der Hüllen, „Catwalk“ der Bibel, ist ein prominenter Ort, wo es sich lohnt, gut angezogen zu sein – es ist der Hauptplatz des Christentums – die Kreuzigung Christi.Die Varianten der Bußkleidung waren im franziskanischen Kontext beliebt, weil sie sich auf den „poverello“ Franziskus und damit auf die conformitas Christi bezogen. Die Kleidung des „poverello“ Franziskus war ein medial eingesetztes vestimentäres Konstrukt. Sein ennui resultierte aus dem materiellen und vestimentären Überfluss eines von Textil geprägtem Elternhauses. Sein Vater handelte zwischen Assisi und Frankreich mit den kostbarsten Stoffen und kleidete seinen Sohn entsprechend standesgemäß ein, so dass dessen Biographie von Anfang an auf Stoff gebaut ist. Die Stationen in Franziskus Leben reichen vom öffentlichen Entkleiden und Eintreten in den Orden zu Beginn bis zum völlig nackten Sterben in Portiuncula und hängen immer mit dem Anlegen und Ablegen von Hüllen zusammen. Für den luxusverliebten Hof in Burgund, der eine ganze Reihe von Kreuzigungsdarstellungen in Auftrag gab, war es in erster Linie das hochmodische Kleid der reichen und schönen Patrizierin aus Magdala. Prachtentfaltung galt an den Höfen des späten Mittelalters als Tugend, sie war als „Magnifizenz“ ethisches Gebot und der schiere Wert eines Kunstwerks, gepaart mit der Kunstfertigkeit der Bearbeitung, der Ausgefallenheit und Besonderheit der Darstellung bestimmten seine Geltung. Kleidung in vielerlei Gestalt spielte für die Choreographie der Macht, den magnifizenten Luxus, wie überhaupt für die soziale Ordnung der Vormoderne, eine herausragende Rolle.Kleidung als sprechende Hülle von Heiligen bietet eine noch unbearbeitete Stofffülle für die kostümhistorische Forschung. Nicht selbstverständlich kann man von den Kleidern der Heiligen auf Altarbildern auf Kleider der Gesellschaft schließen. Dass jedoch die „Hüllen“ der Heiligen auf den Altarbildern einem eigenen Dresscode unterliegen, der teilweise metaphorisch, teilweise symbolisch und legendarisch bedingt ist, ist die zentrale These dieser Untersuchung. So werden die Hüllen der Heiligen auf den Altarbildern zur eigenen Determinante der Ikonographie, da Kleidung als wesentlicher Teil der materiellen Kultur der Neuzeit besonders für die Kunstgeschichte als historische Bildwissenschaft methodisch relevant ist.Looking at the medieval depiction of saints, e.g. on crucifixion panels of Rogier van der Weyden, one is still impressed by the fashionable figuration of the protagonists of these paintings. The dressed up saints present to us the narration of the bible in a previously unknown way. The saints are shown in a timeless stereotype form of their dress. This mode changes radically in the fifteenth century. This study will focus especially on one person, namely Mary Magdalene. Through her appearance and her fashionable dress, the concepts of the pictures that present this female saint reveal a new media dimension. On the one hand the fashionable staging of Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross seems to be realistic, but on the other hand her dress code is used by the painters and the patrons as a medium of communication. Judging from the artistic and literary evidence, the depiction of Mary Magdalene presents a new aspect of dress in religious communication. This study will present this new aspect.The present study on Fashion and crucifixion deals with the relationship between the general dressing style of the respective time period, the vestment of saints at the crucifix, as well as the development of presenting them in the fourteenth and fifteenth century. It is also intended to show the character of media communication between the images of saints and their patrons, in order to provide evidence and show the development of the dress code (vestment code)
Variant Location Is a Novel Risk Factor for Individuals With Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Due to a Desmoplakin (DSP) Truncating Variant.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Truncating variants in desmoplakin (DSPtv) are an important cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; however the genetic architecture and genotype-specific risk factors are incompletely understood. We evaluated phenotype, risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias, and underlying genetics of DSPtv cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Individuals with DSPtv and any cardiac phenotype, and their gene-positive family members were included from multiple international centers. Clinical data and family history information were collected. Event-free survival from ventricular arrhythmia was assessed. Variant location was compared between cases and controls, and literature review of reported DSPtv performed. RESULTS: There were 98 probands and 72 family members (mean age at diagnosis 43±8 years, 59% women) with a DSPtv, of which 146 were considered clinically affected. Ventricular arrhythmia (sudden cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular tachycardia, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy) occurred in 56 (33%) individuals. DSPtv location and proband status were independent risk factors for ventricular arrhythmia. Further, gene region was important with variants in cases (cohort n=98; Clinvar n=167) more likely to occur in the regions resulting in nonsense mediated decay of both major DSP isoforms, compared with n=124 genome aggregation database control variants (148 [83.6%] versus 29 [16.4%]; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest series of individuals with DSPtv, we demonstrate that variant location is a novel risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia, can inform variant interpretation, and provide critical insights to allow for precision-based clinical management.Edgar T. Hoorntje, Charlotte Burns, Luisa Marsili, Ben Corden, Victoria N. Parikh, Gerard J. te Meerman, Belinda Gray, Ahmet Adiyaman, Richard D. Bagnall, Daniela Q.C.M. Barge-Schaapveld, Maarten P. van den Berg, Marianne Bootsma, Laurens P. Bosman, Gemma Correnti, Johan Duflou, Ruben N. Eppinga, Diane Fatkin, Michael Fietz, Eric Haan, Jan D.H. Jongbloed, Arnaud D. Hauer, Lien Lam, Freyja H.M. van Lint, Amrit Lota, Carlo Marcelis, Hugh J. McCarthy, Anneke M. van Mil, Rogier A. Oldenburg, Nicholas Pachter, R. Nils Planken, Chloe Reuter, Christopher Semsarian, Jasper J. van der Smagt, Tina Thompson, Jitendra Vohra, Paul G.A. Volders, Jaap I. van Waning, Nicola Whiffin, Arthur van den Wijngaard, Ahmad S. Amin, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Gijs van Woerden, Laura Yeates, Dominica Zentner, Euan A. Ashley, Matthew T. Wheeler, James S. Ware, J. Peter van Tintelen, Jodie Ingle
Pharmacoeconomics of gastrointestinal drug utilisation prior and post Helicobacter pylori eradication
No full textBACKGROUND: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori prevents recurrence of peptic ulcer. In pharmacoeconomic analyses it is often presumed that after successful eradication no more gastrointestinal drugs are used. We investigated this presumed positive monetary effect using General Practitioners prescribing data, including information in diagnosis. METHODS: From the RNG-database we identified patients with a H. pylori eradication in the years 1997-2000. H. pylori eradication was defined as a prescription of two antibiotics and one gastrointestinal drug on the same day. Patients were divided into a group with diagnosed ulcers and a group without diagnosed ulcers. Gastrointestinal drug costs were calculated for 4 months prior to eradication and 9-12 months post eradication. For comparison costs in all periods were expressed per patient per period. For statistical analysis the paired t-test was used. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients were eligible for evaluation. Of these patients 35 had a diagnosed ulcer and 67 had not. Generally the number of patients on gastrointestinal drugs decreased (61% prior vs. 33% post), however, the drug costs did not change (Euro 33 prior vs. Euro 34 post). Costs for proton pump inhibitors increased post eradication (Euro 14 prior vs. Euro 28 post). The ulcer and nonulcer group showed similar results. CONCLUSION: Helicobacter pylori eradication is thought to be cost effective, however, we did not find a decrease in costs for all gastrointestinal drugs. There may be a great pharmacoeconomical advantage when it is possible to predict which patients are more likely to 'fail' eradication therap
11 Ontwerpen voor de Delta
Get PDFAfstuderen op bouwkunde betekent: je eigen opgave en probleemstelling formuleren, onderzoek doen en een ontwerp maken. Bij de leerstoel Stad en Regio wordt de context bepaald door de Hollandse metropool. Die grote schaal daagt uit tot strategische perspectieven voor de toekomst en ruimtelijke ontwerpen voor strategische interventies daarin. In het afstuderen komen de studenten zichzelf tegen. In het bepalen van hun opgave, die veel zegt over hun eigen kijk op de samenleving en hun interessen. In hun onderzoeksmethoden en technieken die duidelijk moeten maken dat ze zelfstandig onderzoek moeten kunnen doen en in hun uiteindelijke ruimtelijke strategie en ontwerp, waaruit hun creativiteit en ruimtelijk inzicht blijkt.
De verzameling afstudeerplannen uit een bepaalde periode zijn niet slechts losse projecten, maar zijn tevens een beeld van de tijdgeest, van actuele maatschappelijke opgaven en tenslotte van visies op de metropolitane ontwikkeling van Nederland en het landschap van Nederland. Door die plannen te laten becommentarií«ren door externe experts worden ze van een actuele maatschappelijke opvatting voorzien en bekritiseerd. Daarmee wordt het tijdsbeeld gecreí«erd van opvattingen vanuit de samenleving en ontstaat inzicht in de mate van acceptatie van de afstudeerplannen van de jonge ingenieurs, en hun bijdrage aan het ruimtelijke en programmatische onderzoek naar de toekomst van dit land
Psychosocial and biobehavioral processes underlying the association between prenatal risk and child self-regulation
No full textFollowing directions, ignoring distractions, and inhibiting inappropriate responses: many aspects of children’s everyday functioning are, in some way, dependent on self-regulation. Self-regulation refers to the ability to automatically or purposely control thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Karoly, 1993; Nigg, 2017). During the first years of life, self-regulation shows a rapid development and children typically become competent in complex self-regulatory skills, such as executive functioning, around the preschool period (Garon et al., 2008; Hendry et al., 2016). The emergence of self-regulatory skills is crucial for positive child outcomes, including health and well-being across the lifespan (Kopp, 1982; Moffitt et al., 2011). However, not all children develop at the same rate and preschool age children often differ considerably in their self-regulatory skills (Hendry et al., 2016). Given the importance of self-regulatory skills, it is crucial to understand which factors can explain individual differences in self-regulation at such early age (Vink et al., 2020).
The emergence of complex self-regulatory skills may be impeded by a host of risk factors, a number of which can already be present in the prenatal caregiving environment. For instance, parental mental health problems (for a meta-analysis, see Power et al., 2021), low parental SES (for a review, see Vukojević et al., 2017), and prenatal stress (Davis et al., 2011; Korja et al., 2017) appear to negatively impact child developmental outcomes, such as self-regulation. Consistent with the cumulative risk hypothesis (Appleyard et al., 2005; Evans et al., 2013), exposure to multiple prenatal risk factors at the same time increases the likelihood of self-regulation deficits in preschool age children (Camerota & Willoughby, 2020). Yet, relatively little work has identified the specific mechanisms linking prenatal exposure to multiple risk factors and child self-regulation later in life. In line with biopsychosocial theories (Calkins et al., 2016; Sameroff, 2009), the current study examines whether psychosocial processes (the development of parenting) and biobehavioral processes (brain maturation) simultaneously mediate the effect of prenatal risk on self-regulation in preschool age children.
Psychosocial mechanisms
From a psychosocial perspective, it is assumed that positive experiences embedded within the early caregiving environment promote children’s self-regulatory skills (Bernier et al., 2010). Young infants still strongly depend on external regulation from their caregiving environment, but increasingly become more independent and able to achieve complex self-regulatory skills (Kopp, 1982; Lobo & Lunkenheimer, 2020). As parenting behaviors represent the most intense and immediate environmental experiences during early childhood, various theories emphasize the importance of early parent-child interactions that promote positive child outcomes later in life (e.g., Bowlby, 1979; Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Subsequently, empirical work revealed that the experience of supportive, consistent, and appropriate stimulating parenting behaviors are positively related to the emergence of child self-regulatory skills (for reviews, see Fay-Stammbach et al., 2014; Karreman et al., 2006). In general, these positive parenting behaviors appear to be relatively stable across infancy and early childhood (e.g., Dallaire & Weinraub, 2005; Paschall & Mastergeorge, 2018).
Prenatal risk factors increase the risk for non-optimal parenting during the first years of life (Guyon-Harris et al., 2021; Tambelli et al., 2014). For instance, prenatal mental health problems (for a review, see Berg-Nielsen et al., 2002) and adverse prenatal live events (Tambelli et al., 2014) are linked to impaired parenting in early childhood, such as problems with recognizing and responding appropriately to children’s signals and needs. Especially exposure to multiple prenatal risk factors appears to negatively affect the quality of parenting behaviors (Barker et al., 2011; Tambelli et al., 2014). Mothers exposed to cumulative risk (e.g., both depressive symptoms and psychosocial risk, such as low educational level and single motherhood) showed lack of reciprocity, more intrusiveness and more conflictual parent-child interactions compared to non-exposed mothers, as well as compared to mothers with solely depressive or solely psychosocial risk (Tambelli et al., 2014). With increasing age, it might become even harder for parents to recognize and appropriately respond to the needs of their children as a result of advances in child mobility and increases in children’s sense of autonomy (Bornstein, 2019). Therefore, exposure to multiple prenatal risk factors might affect children’s self-regulation directly, or indirectly, through a disruption of the quality and the development of parenting.
Previous research on postnatal cumulative risk demonstrated that maternal behaviors indeed mediated relations between exposure to cumulative risk and behavioral outcomes in preschool age children, such as aggression and rule-breaking behaviors (Trentacosta et al., 2008), and measures of attention, inhibitory control, and delay ability (Lengua et al., 2007). However, studies examining the mediating effect of parenting quality in the relation between prenatal cumulative risk and child self-regulation are, to our knowledge, still lacking. Although a meta-analysis on the association between exposure to risk (i.e., maternal depression) and child self-regulation revealed that prenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal depressive symptoms had the same negative effect on child self-regulation (Power et al., 2021), the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of risk factors might be different when considering the timing of exposure to risk factors. Beside the effect of prenatal risk on parenting behaviors (Guyon-Harris et al., 2021; Tambelli et al., 2014), the prenatal period is a critical period for infant’s internal biobehavioral processes, such as neurocognitive development (for a review, see Ruiz et al., 2005). Therefore, it is now increasingly recognized that prenatal exposure to risk factors could alter child developmental outcomes through biobehavioral mechanisms as well (Power et al., 2021; Ruiz et al., 2005).
Biobehavioral mechanisms
From a biobehavioral perspective, there is growing evidence that self-regulation emerges as a function of brain maturation. For instance, the exchange of information between brain regions within functional networks (e.g., the orienting and executive attention network) appears to play an important role in child self-regulation (Posner & Rothbart, 2000; Rothbart et al., 2011). However, the infants’ brain still consists of an overabundance of neural connections, which hinders optimized communication between widespread brain regions. In order to make the exchange of information more efficient, postnatal brain development typically includes optimization of brain networks through the process of systematic pruning of unimportant connections and the strengthening of important connections (Huang et al., 2015; Yap et al., 2011). This process of increasing functional brain network efficiency possibly allows for more complex behaviors to arise during early childhood (Tau & Peterson, 2010).
Prior research revealed associations between brain network efficiency and individual differences in young children’s self-regulation (Fekete et al., 2014; Xie et al., 2019). The efficiency of communication within brain networks can be measured using the synchronicity of oscillatory EEG rhythms, reflecting the communication between distinct brain regions. Small-worldness is one of the most frequently analyzed topological properties of functional brain network efficiency, which calculates the optimization of brain networks by using a graph-theoretical framework (Muldoon et al., 2016). In graph theory, brain networks consist of nodes and edges, respectively reflecting the distributed brain regions and neural connections between these regions (Bassett & Bullmore, 2006; Bullmore & Sporns, 2009). Small-world networks are generally characterized by a high clustering coefficient (dense interconnections between neighboring nodes) in combination with few edges between clusters of nodes, also referred to as short path lengths (Muldoon et al., 2016). In general, functional brain networks in young children become more efficient with age, indicated by increases in the levels of small-worldness (Gao et al., 2017; Hofstee et al., 2022).
The prenatal stress literature has linked a wide variety of mothers’ prenatal risk factors with altered brain networks in young children, such as prenatal mental health problems (e.g., Posner et al., 2016; Soe et al., 2018) and increases in the number of stressful live events during pregnancy (e.g., Humphreys et al., 2020; Van den Bergh et al., 2018). As prenatal risk could undermine the emergence of efficient brain networks, there might be an indirect effect of prenatal risk through deficits in the development of efficient brain networks on child self-regulation later in life. Prior research on postnatal risk indeed revealed that variations in functional brain networks mediated the relation between cumulative risk and individual differences in child self-regulation (Pagliaccio et al., 2015). However, longitudinal studies examining the mediating role of brain network efficiency in the link between prenatal risk and self-regulation in early childhood are, to our knowledge, still lacking.
The current study
In sum, risk factors during pregnancy have been found to negatively affect the emergence of self-regulatory skills in young children (e.g., Korja et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2009). Thus far, most interventions start in early childhood and tend to focus on promoting the parent-child relationship and the quality of parenting behaviors (Allen, 2011). However, if prenatal risk factors already compromise child developmental outcomes, such as self-regulation, then early interventions may be required during pregnancy as well (O’Donnell et al., 2014). In order to improve interventions that promote the emergence of complex self-regulatory skills in young children, more insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the association between exposure to multiple prenatal risk factors and child self-regulation is necessary.
The majority of research on the mediating mechanisms of child self-regulation focuses on postnatal risk, rather than prenatal risk (e.g., Lengua et al., 2007; Pagliaccio et al., 2015), or did not examine psychosocial and biobehavioral processes within the same study, so their relative importance could not be determined (e.g., Camerota & Willoughby, 2020). In line with biopsychosocial theory (Calkins et al., 2016; Sameroff, 2009), the current study addresses important gaps in the literature by simultaneously examining (the development of) parenting quality and brain network efficiency as mediating mechanisms underlying the relation between prenatal risk and variations in child self-regulation. In addition, the current study adds to the literature by examining psychosocial and biobehavioral mechanisms using a longitudinal design, allowing for testing developmental changes in parenting behaviors and brain network efficiency over time. Given that evaluating single risk factors may underestimate the impact of prenatal risk on developmental outcomes, a combination of multiple prenatal risk factors will be created by using the approach of cumulative risk models (Appleyard et al., 2005; Evans et al., 2013)
FRI0072 Alteration of the intestinal microbiome in the preclinical phase of experimental arthritis and the efficacy of microbiota modulation in established arthritis in mice
No full textPharmacoeconomics of gastrointestinal drug utilisation prior and post Helicobacter pylori eradication
No full textBACKGROUND: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori prevents recurrence of peptic ulcer. In pharmacoeconomic analyses it is often presumed that after successful eradication no more gastrointestinal drugs are used. We investigated this presumed positive monetary effect using General Practitioners prescribing data, including information in diagnosis. METHODS: From the RNG-database we identified patients with a H. pylori eradication in the years 1997-2000. H. pylori eradication was defined as a prescription of two antibiotics and one gastrointestinal drug on the same day. Patients were divided into a group with diagnosed ulcers and a group without diagnosed ulcers. Gastrointestinal drug costs were calculated for 4 months prior to eradication and 9-12 months post eradication. For comparison costs in all periods were expressed per patient per period. For statistical analysis the paired t-test was used. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients were eligible for evaluation. Of these patients 35 had a diagnosed ulcer and 67 had not. Generally the number of patients on gastrointestinal drugs decreased (61% prior vs. 33% post), however, the drug costs did not change (Euro 33 prior vs. Euro 34 post). Costs for proton pump inhibitors increased post eradication (Euro 14 prior vs. Euro 28 post). The ulcer and nonulcer group showed similar results. CONCLUSION: Helicobacter pylori eradication is thought to be cost effective, however, we did not find a decrease in costs for all gastrointestinal drugs. There may be a great pharmacoeconomical advantage when it is possible to predict which patients are more likely to 'fail' eradication therapy
Author Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain
Get PDFAuthor Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brai
Synthetic oligopeptides related to the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin attenuate inflammation and liver damage after (Trauma) hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation
No full textSevere hemorrhagic shock (HS) followed by resuscitation induces a massive inflammatory response, which may culminate into systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and, finally, death. Treatments that effectively prevent this inflammation are limited so far. In a previous study, we demonstrated that synthetic oligopeptides related to the primary structure of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can inhibit the inflammatory response and mortality that follow high-dose LPS-induced inflammation. Considering this powerful antiinflammatory effect, we investigated whether administration of similar synthetic HCG-related oligopeptides (LQGV, AQGV, LAGV) during HS were able to attenuate the inflammatory response associated with this condition. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in rats for 60 min by blood withdrawal until a MAP of 40 mmHg was reached. Rats received a single injection with one of the hCG-related oligopeptides (LQGV, AQGV or LAGV) or 0.9% NaCI solution as control 30 min after induction of HS. Treatment with LQGV, AQGV, or LAGV prevented systemic release of TNF-a and IL-6 and was associated with reduced TNF-a, IL-6, and E-selectin mRNA transcript levels in the liver. LQGV treatment prevented neutrophil infiltration into the liver and was associated with reduced liver damage. Our data suggest that HCG-related oligopeptides, in particular LQGV, have therapeutic potential by attenuating the life-threatening inflammation and organ damage that is associated with (trauma) HS and resuscitation
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