1,013 research outputs found
Effect of bacterial inoculation, plant genotype and developmental stage on root-associated and endophytic bacterial communities in potato (Solanum tuberosum)
No full textBeneficial bacteria interact with plants by colonizing the rhizosphere and roots followed by further spread through the inner tissues, resulting in endophytic colonization. The major factors contributing to these interactions are not always well understood for most bacterial and plant species. It is believed that specific bacterial functions are required for plant colonization, but also from the plant side specific features are needed, such as plant genotype (cultivar) and developmental stage. Via multivariate analysis we present a quantification of the roles of these components on the composition of root-associated and endophytic bacterial communities in potato plants, by weighing the effects of bacterial inoculation, plant genotype and developmental stage. Spontaneous rifampicin resistant mutants of two bacterial endophytes, Paenibacillus sp. strain E119 and Methylobacterium mesophilicum strain SR1.6/6, were introduced into potato plants of three different cultivars (Eersteling, Robijn and Karnico). Densities of both strains in, or attached to potato plants were measured by selective plating, while the effects of bacterial inoculation, plant genotype and developmental stage on the composition of bacterial, Alphaproteobacterial and Paenibacillus species were determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE). Multivariate analyses revealed that the composition of bacterial communities was mainly driven by cultivar type and plant developmental stage, while Alphaproteobacterial and Paenibacillus communities were mainly influenced by bacterial inoculation. These results are important for better understanding the effects of bacterial inoculations to plants and their possible effects on the indigenous bacterial communities in relation with other plant factors such as genotype and growth stage
Endophytic Colonization of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by a Novel Competent Bacterial Endophyte, Pseudomonas putida Strain P9, and Its Effect on Associated Bacterial Communities
No full textPseudomonas putida strain P9 is a novel competent endophyte from potato. P9 causes cultivar-dependent suppression of Phytophthora infestans. Colonization of the rhizoplane and endosphere of potato plants by P9 and its rifampin-resistant derivative P9R was studied. The purposes of this work were to follow the fate of P9 inside growing potato plants and to establish its effect on associated microbial communities. The effects of P9 and P9R inoculation were studied in two separate experiments. The roots of transplants of three different cultivars of potato were dipped in suspensions of P9 or P9R cells, and the plants were planted in soil. The fate of both strains was followed by examining colony growth and by performing PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Colonies of both strains were recovered from rhizoplane and endosphere samples of all three cultivars at two growth stages. A conspicuous band, representing P9 and P9R, was found in all Pseudomonas PCR-DGGE fingerprints for treated plants. The numbers of P9R CFU and the P9R-specific band intensities for the different replicate samples were positively correlated, as determined by linear regression analysis. The effects of plant growth stage, genotype, and the presence of P9R on associated microbial communities were examined by multivariate and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analyses of PCR-DGGE fingerprints. The presence of strain P9R had an effect on bacterial groups identified as Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas veronii, and Pseudomonas syringae. In conclusion, strain P9 is an avid colonizer of potato plants, competing with microbial populations indigenous to the potato phytosphere. Bacterization with a biocontrol agent has an important and previously unexplored effect on plant-associated communities
Genoom analyse van ziektewerende bodems; thema bodemweerbaarheid
No full textHet grootste deel van de micro-organismen in de bodem is niet bekend. Micro-organismen kunnen een stimulerende werking hebben op plant en dier en zelfs een beschermende functie uitoefenen. Opportunistische belagers van buitenaf kunnen worden afgeweerd door competitie en antibiotica productie. Beschreven wordt hoe via DNA technieken de bodempopulatie wordt gemonitord. Naast de aanwezigheid en diversiteit van micro-organismen wordt ook gekeken naar de aanwezigheid van genen die direct verantwoordelijk zijn voor bepaalde processen. Hiermee wordt een genenbank van werende bodems samengesteld. Deze genenbank wordt met DNA probes onderzocht op biologische activiteit. Onbekende antibiotica-genen worden verder onderzocht
The low-temperature induced viable-but-nonculturable state affects the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2
No full textvan Overbeek. L. S.. Bergervoet. J. H. W.. Jacobs, F. H. H.. and van Elsas. J. D. 2004. The low-ternperature-induced viable-but-nonculturable state 2. Phytopathology affects the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 94:463-469. The physiology and virulence of Ralstonia solanacerum biovar 2 strain 1609. kept in water at 4 and 20degreesC, were studied. At 20degreesC. total cell and plate count (colony forming units: CFU) numbers were similar, between log 5.03 and log 5.55 CFU,and log 5.03 and log 5.51 cells per ml. at days 0 and 132. respectively. However, CFU in the Cultures kept at 4degreesC dropped from log 6.78 CFU/ml at day 0 to below detection after 84 days. The presence of catalase in the agar resulted in higher CFU. and at day 84. log, 1.95 CFU/ml still was detectable. No colonies were observed at day 125. The presence of viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) cells in the 4degreesC Cultures was confirmed using SYTO9 viability staining. Viable Cell numbers were log 1.77 higher than CFU on plates with catalase. At day 84 and after 125 days, log 3.70 viable cells per ml still were I present. Shifts in subpopulations differing in viability were found by flow cytometric sorting of 4degreesC-treated cells stained with SYTO9 (healthy) and propidium iodide (PI, compromised). The SYTO9-stained cell fractions dropped from 99 to 39%, and the PI-stained fractions increased from 0.7 to 33.3% between days 0 and 125. At 20degreesC. the SYTO9-stained fraction remained stable at 99% until day 132, SYTO9-stained cells sorted from 4degreesC Cultures at day 100 were injected into tomato plants. Upon incubation for 30 days, these plants did not show wilting. However. more than log 4.19 CFU and log 8.17 cells were recovered from these plants. Cells from colonies isolated from the nonwilted plants did not regain their virulence as demonstrated by Subsequent injection into several mew, sets of tomato plants. Cells from 4degreesC cultures injected at day 125 were not able to cause wilting of, or proliferate in, tomato plants. The threat posed by VBNC R. solanacearum cells upon incubation at 4degreesC was thus ephemeral because cells lost their capacity to cause disease after 125 days
MetaSWAP_V7_2_0. Rapportage van activiteiten ten behoeve van certificering met Status A
No full textVeel vragen over het waterbeheer betreffen situaties en processen die worden beïnvloed door hydrologische terugkoppelingen op regionale en zelfs nationale schaal. MetaSWAP is bedoeld voor het vervangen van SWAP bij het grootschalig doorrekenen van bodem-plant-atmosfeerkolommen die gekoppeld zijn aan geïntegreerde gebiedsmodellen van grond- en oppervlaktewater. MetaSWAP is een ‘meta’-model van SWAP. Het metaconcept is gebaseerd op een vereenvoudigde oplossing van de niet-lineaire partiële differentiaalvergelijking om bodemfysische processen te beschrijven, de zogenaamde Richards-vergelijking. Deze vergelijking wordt vervangen door twee ‘gewone’ differentiaalvergelijkingen, één voor de procesbeschrijving, en één voor de waterbalans. Om het informatieverlies dat bij die vereenvoudiging optreedt te compenseren, is het nodig om MetaSWAP te kalibreren en te valideren op SWAP. Dit document beschrijft hoe dat gedaan wordt, en tevens hoe de kwaliteit van het model is geborgd volgens de zogenaamde ‘Status A’ standaard van de WOT Natuur & Milieu
De rol van persoonlijkheid in de ontwikkeling van seksueel gedrag van adolescenten
No full textIn deze studie wordt de relatie tussen persoonlijkheid en de ontwikkeling van seksueel gedrag van adolescenten onderzocht. In totaal vulden 439 adolescenten (gemiddelde leeftijd = 14.46) over een periode van achttien maanden viermaal een vragenlijst in, waarmee persoonlijkheid, seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag gemeten werden. De resultaten van (logistische) groeimodellen lieten zien dat ondercontrolerende adolescenten bij aanvang van de studie meer seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag vertoonden dan veerkrachtige en overcontrolerende adolescenten. De ontwikkeling van seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag werd niet voorspeld door persoonlijkheid. In de midden adolescentie zijn er verschillen in seksueel gedrag tussen overcontrolerende, ondercontrolerende, en veerkrachtige adolescenten te observeren, maar er zijn geen verschillen in ontwikkelingstrends gedurende de 18 maanden dat zij zijn gevolgd. Dit laatste suggereert een relatief normatieve seksuele ontwikkeling van jongeren
Effects of Plant Genotype and Growth Stage on the Betaproteobacterial Communities Associated with Different Potato Cultivars in Two Fields
No full textBacterial communities in the rhizosphere are dynamic and susceptible to changes in plant conditions. Among the bacteria, the betaproteobacteria play key roles in nutrient cycling and plant growth promotion, and hence the dynamics of their community structures in the rhizosphere should be investigated. Here, the effects of plant cultivar, growth stage, and soil type on the communities associated with potato cultivars Aveka, Aventra, Karnico, Modena, Premiere, and Desiree were assessed for two different fields containing sandy soil with either a high or low organic compound content. Thus, bacterial and betaproteobacterial PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses were performed to analyze the effects of plant cultivar and growth on the rhizosphere community structure. The analyses showed that in both fields all cultivars had a rhizosphere effect on the total bacterial and betaproteobacterial communities. In addition, the plant growth stage strongly affected the betaproteobacterial communities in both fields. Moreover, the community structures were affected by cultivar, and cultivars differed in physiology, as reflected in their growth rates, root development, and estimated tuber starch contents. Analyses of betaproteobacterial clone libraries constructed for two selected cultivars (one cultivar that produced low-starch-content tubers and one cultivar that produced high-starch-content tubers), as well as bulk soil, revealed that the rhizospheres of the two cultivars selected for specific bacteria, including plant-growth-promoting bacteria, such as Variovorax and Achromobacter spp. In addition, quantitative PCR-based quantification of the Variovorax paradoxus-specific functional gene asfA (involved in desulfonation) indicated that there were clear potato rhizosphere effects on the abundance of this gene. Interestingly, both cultivar type and plant growth stage affected the community under some circumstances
Molecular and genetic traits of Bacillus licheniformis GL174, a culturable endophyte of Vitis vinifera cv. Glera.
No full textDe rol van persoonlijkheid in de ontwikkeling van seksueel gedrag van adolescenten
No full textIn deze studie wordt de relatie tussen persoonlijkheid en de ontwikkeling van seksueel gedrag van adolescenten onderzocht. In totaal vulden 439 adolescenten (gemiddelde leeftijd = 14.46) over een periode van achttien maanden viermaal een vragenlijst in, waarmee persoonlijkheid, seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag gemeten werden. De resultaten van (logistische) groeimodellen lieten zien dat ondercontrolerende adolescenten bij aanvang van de studie meer seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag vertoonden dan veerkrachtige en overcontrolerende adolescenten. De ontwikkeling van seksuele ervaring, casual seksueel gedrag, en seksueel risicogedrag werd niet voorspeld door persoonlijkheid. In de midden adolescentie zijn er verschillen in seksueel gedrag tussen overcontrolerende, ondercontrolerende, en veerkrachtige adolescenten te observeren, maar er zijn geen verschillen in ontwikkelingstrends gedurende de 18 maanden dat zij zijn gevolgd. Dit laatste suggereert een relatief normatieve seksuele ontwikkeling van jongeren
Validatie van het nutriënten-emissiemodel STONE met meetgegevens uit het Landelijk Meetnet effecten Mestbeleid (LMM) en de Landelijke Steekproef Kaarteenheden (LSK)
No full textDe uitkomsten van het model STONE zijn gevalideerd op gemeten concentraties in drains en grondwater uit LMM (Landelijk Meetnet effecten Mestbeleid) en gemeten fosfaatophoping volgens LSK (Landelijke Steekproef Kaarteenheden). Voor de validatie is gebruik gemaakt van een in 2008 ontwikkeld protocol. Uit de validatie komt naar voren dat op nationale schaal de gemiddelde door STONE gesimuleerde nitraatconcentraties in grondwater en drainwater goed overeenkomen met de metingen. De gesimuleerde DOC-concentraties in grondwater en drainwater en de fosfaatconcentraties in het grondwater wijken sterker af van de metingen. Tevens bleek uit de validatie op LSK dat de verdeling van P over boven- en ondergrond afwijkt van de metingen. Voor deze stoffen is dus een verdere verbetering van het model en/of de parameterisatie gewenst
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