1,720,997 research outputs found
Consonantal and vocalic gestures in the articulation of italian glides /j/ and /w/ at different syllable positions
No full textFrom a phonological point of view, four glides (or approximants) exist in Italian: /j/, /w/, [i̯ ] and [u ̯ ] . Glides still raise a lot of questions, from the definition of the necessary and sufficient features for their identification (Chitoran, Nevins, 2008), to their characterization at the acoustic and articulatory levels of speech production (Gick, 2003). In this paper, in order to describe the articulatory features of Italian glides, we analyzed the kinematics of both consonantal and vocalic gestures involved in the production of /j/ and /w/, by using 3D electromagnetic articulography (EMA; Carstens Medizinelektronik GmbH). The results show similar articulatory features for both glides in the way they differentiate themselves from corresponding vowels [i] and [u]
Models and Theories of Speech Production
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Speech Motor Control in Normal and Disordered Speech:Future Developments in Theory and Methodology
No full textSpeech Motor Control in Normal and Disordered Speech:Future Developments in Theory and Methodology
No full textThe Impact of Spoken Semantic Threat on Cognitive and Linguistic Processing Involved in Spoken Language Following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
No full textA traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly impacts many functions, with changes in emotional and social behaviours being among the most debilitating consequences. Accruing literature attests to emotion processing deficits in this population, with a particular impairment in processing negative emotions (including semantic threat) across visual and auditory modalities (Bornhofen McDonald, 2008; Croker McDonald, 2005; Maki-Marttunen et al., 2015). Impairments in processing negative emotions may lead to problems in interpersonal interactions, which could significantly impact the quality of life for individuals with TBI (Dijkers, 2004; Henry, Phillips, Crawford, Theodorous Summers, 2006). Despite the growing prevalence of emotion processing deficits in the TBI population, there is still a paucity of research investigating the extent and nature of these deficits. Importantly, no study to date has directly examined the impact of spoken semantic threat, particularly in the context of how it may hinder cognitive and linguistic processes used in spoken language as part of everyday conversation. Thus, a novel paradigm known as the Linguistic Acoustic ThreaT Effect (LATTE) was employed in three experimental studies to examine this impact in more detail. Results from Study 1 showed that individuals with TBI were impacted by spoken semantic threat to a greater extent than healthy matched controls. Results from Study 2 showed that the threat effect has a physiological basis in terms of increased autonomic arousal and varies in the extent of the impact based on the content of threat presented. Lastly, the results of Study 3 demonstrated that semantic threat seems to have a critical period during which it exerts its impact, and is most observable during the stages of speech processing following the immediate presentation of the verbal threat, as tested in our sequence of tasks. Taken together, our results reveal important information on the impact of semantic threat on cognitive and linguistic processes used in spoken language after TBI. Our findings could have potential implications for the training of rehabilitation clinicians and researchers regarding emotion expression when communicating with individuals with TBI.Ph.D
The Impact of Spoken Semantic Threat on Cognitive and Linguistic Processing Involved in Spoken Language Following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Full text linkA traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly impacts many functions, with changes in emotional and social behaviours being among the most debilitating consequences. Accruing literature attests to emotion processing deficits in this population, with a particular impairment in processing negative emotions (including semantic threat) across visual and auditory modalities (Bornhofen McDonald, 2008; Croker McDonald, 2005; Maki-Marttunen et al., 2015). Impairments in processing negative emotions may lead to problems in interpersonal interactions, which could significantly impact the quality of life for individuals with TBI (Dijkers, 2004; Henry, Phillips, Crawford, Theodorous Summers, 2006). Despite the growing prevalence of emotion processing deficits in the TBI population, there is still a paucity of research investigating the extent and nature of these deficits. Importantly, no study to date has directly examined the impact of spoken semantic threat, particularly in the context of how it may hinder cognitive and linguistic processes used in spoken language as part of everyday conversation. Thus, a novel paradigm known as the Linguistic Acoustic ThreaT Effect (LATTE) was employed in three experimental studies to examine this impact in more detail. Results from Study 1 showed that individuals with TBI were impacted by spoken semantic threat to a greater extent than healthy matched controls. Results from Study 2 showed that the threat effect has a physiological basis in terms of increased autonomic arousal and varies in the extent of the impact based on the content of threat presented. Lastly, the results of Study 3 demonstrated that semantic threat seems to have a critical period during which it exerts its impact, and is most observable during the stages of speech processing following the immediate presentation of the verbal threat, as tested in our sequence of tasks. Taken together, our results reveal important information on the impact of semantic threat on cognitive and linguistic processes used in spoken language after TBI. Our findings could have potential implications for the training of rehabilitation clinicians and researchers regarding emotion expression when communicating with individuals with TBI.Ph.D
Phonemic, sensory, and motor representations in a neurocomputational model of speech production
No full textSpeaking is not only the basic mode of communication, but also the most complex motor skill humans can perform. Disorders of speech and language are the most common sequelae of brain disease or injury, a condition faced by millions of people each year. Health care practitioners need to interact with basic scientists in order to develop and evaluate new methods of clinical diagnosis and therapy to help their patients overcome or compensate their communication difficulties. In recent years, collaboration between those in the the disciplines of neurophysiology, cognitive psychology, mathematical modelling, neuroscientists, and speech science have helped accelerate progress in the field. This book presents the latest and most important theoretical developments in the area of speech motor control, offering new insights by leaders in their field into speech disorders. The scope of this book is broad - presenting state-of-the art research in the areas of modelling, genetics, brain imaging, behavioral experimentation in addition to clinical applications. The book will be valuable for researchers and clinicians in speech-language pathology, cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, and neurology
Developmental models of childhood apraxia of speech
Full text linkChildhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a highly controversial clinical entity with respect to both clinical signs and underlying neuro-motor deficit. This chapter analyzes the origin of these controversies and offers an alternative clinical approach and direction for research based on a review of the literature and studies conducted in our own laboratory. The review shows evidence for a deficit at each of the psycholinguistic and neuro-motor stages from lexical retrieval to motor execution as the primary, proximal origin of CAS. This lack of convergence together with the reported associations rather than dissociations between psycholinguistic and neuro-motor functions during development forms a serious challenge for the modular view on the cognitive architecture of the infant speech production system. An alternative view on clinical classification, the issue of co-morbidity, and research in speech pathology are discussed based on longitudinal analyses of developmental trajectories. By way of example, a computational modelling study is presented in which characteristics of CAS are simulated by manipulating parameters of the DIVA (Directions Into Velocities of Articulators) model.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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