585 research outputs found
Perception of Interpersonal Behaviors Across Cultures
No full textCross-cultural psychology has played a very important role in identifying, describing, and even explaining psychological structures that are involved in the perception of interpersonal behavior. This chapter reviews work based on the research paradigm of subjective culture, which establishes that at least three interpersonal dimensions have been identified across cultures and historical periods: Association-Dissociation, Superordination-Subordination, and Intimacy-Formality. These three dimensions are often conceptualized as psychological universals, a notion that raises the question of the origins of the dimensions. By starting with the fundamental assumption that all social behavior is based on resource exchange, the chapter reviews a framework that attempts to account for the emergence of social meanings through time
A research on Chen Ting-zuo's Yi thoughts and his philosophy
No full text碩士本論文是從程廷祚的《大易擇言》、《易通》及《讀易管見》等著作中，理出他的《易》學淵源，並由他對佛、老的導正，架構出他的時中觀，另外，則是爬梳他的《易》學著作中的義理，把握他「彰顯天德，挺立人道」的思想脈絡，分別按單元主題論述，呈現他的天道論、人性論、實踐論。
本論文凡八章，第一章分別是研究動機、研究方法，並且對前人的研究成果做一分析評論。第二章分別介紹其家世淵源、顏李學派的關係、交遊關係及學術著作，大致勾勒廷祚一生的學行。第三章分別探討其《易》學淵源、對義理及象數的會通，進而建立起其實踐為導向的《易》學觀。第四章此部分筆者運用清儒王船山的「二端一致論」來確立乾坤生成是宇宙生生不息的外緣，而「易簡」則是維持宇宙秩序和諧的內因，順此理路言之，筆者又依據曾春海所提出的三大宇宙運動變化的自然律（相互對待的變通律、總體和諧的均衡律、終則復始的循環律）來確立廷祚《周易》著作中的天道觀。第五章此部分則討論廷祚的性命一元論、人性論，進而從心知肯定主體的價值。第六章此部分說明廷祚以為「心」只有一個，至於人心與道心，天理與人欲皆只是權說，最終目的是要回復天理、道心，俾使人道完成。第七章此部分乃廷祚針對佛氏舍命言性的貴空思想，老氏遺形全神的尚無精神，以致外王事業無法開出的癥結，提出了「時中」理念，唯有掌握「時中」，王道方有可能。第八章則是對本論文的回顧及檢討。The thesis analyzes the origin of Chen Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts from his writings of Da-Yi-Ze-Yan (The opinions of the Yi thoughts), Yi-Ton (Understanding of the Yi) and Du-Yi-Guan-Jian (Sights when reading the Yi). Besides, it also builds up his Shi-Zhong theory (the principle of obeying the mean) by his rectification to Fo (Buddha) and Lao (Lao-tzu). Moreover, by holding his thoughts of “enhancing the moral philosophy and keeping up the humanity”, the thesis also excavates the principles and meanings of his Yi writings, and discusses his theories of Tian-Dao (moral philosophy of the universe), humanity and practices.
There are eight chapters in the thesis. The first one is constituted by the research motive, methodology, and literature review. “Chen Ting-zuo’s autobiography” in Chapter 2 draws the outlines of his study and behavior by introducing his family background, relationship with Yen-Lee school of thoughts, associations and academic writings. “Ting-zuo’s thoughts of the Yi” in Chapter 3 probes into the origin and understanding of his Yi philosophy and discusses his practice-oriented point of view. In Chapter 4, “the moral philosophy of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts”, the author uses Wan Chuan-shan’s theory of “unity in two extremities” to establish firmly that Quan Kun (heaven and earth) is the rim to make the universe alive and kicking, and Yi Jian (simple) is the principle part to make the universe concord and harmonic. In view of the above, the author again uses Zen Chun-Hai’s “natural theory of the three changes in the universe (flexibility of mutuality, equilibrium of macro-coordinance , and rounding of circulation” to assure Ting-zuo’s moral philosophy in his writing, “Cho Yi.” In Chapter 5, “The humanity in Ting-Zuo’s Yi thoughts”, two of Ting-zuo’s theories, “unity of life” and “humanity thoughts”, are discussed to reveal the value of unit. “Practice of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts” in Chapter 6 illustrates that there is only one “heart” in Ting-zuo’s point of view. Human heart, moral heart, universe principle and human desire are all doctrines and will be unified back to universe morality and principles and make the humanity completed. Chapter 7, “the Shi Zhong theory of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts”, discusses his thoughts to Buddha, Lao-tzu and the crux of Wan Dao’s (the operation of politics) obstacle, and thus he brings up the Shi Zhong theory to make Wan Dao possible. Finally, a summary of the thesis and self-criticism in Chapter 8 is proposed to make it completed.目次
第一章 緒論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．０１
第一節 研究動機． ．．．．．．．．．０１
第二節 研究方法．．．．．．．．．．．０４
第三節 前人的研究成果．．．．．．．．１０
第二章 程廷祚之生平．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３
第一節 家世淵源．．．．．．．．．．．１４
第二節 顏李學派之傳人．．．．．．．．１９
第三節 交遊關係．．．．．．．．．．．２８
第四節 學術著作．．．．．．．．．．．３６
第三章 廷祚之《易》學觀．．．．．．．．．．．４７
第一節 綿莊《易》學淵源．．．．．．．４８
第二節 循象數，明義理．．．．．．．．６０
第三節 彰顯天德，挺立人道．．．．．．７３
第四章 廷祚《易》學之天道論．．．．．．．．．７８
第一節 乾坤生成論－兩端一致論的確立．７９
第二節 「易簡」是萬物和諧的內因．．．８７
第三節 陰陽的剛柔、動靜的變化．．．．９３
第五章 廷祚《易》學之人性論．．．．．．．．．１０３
第一節 性、命的理論內涵與開展．．．．１０４
第二節 人性論之主張與實踐．．．．．．１１４
第三節 從心知肯定主體價值．．．．．．１２４
第六章 廷祚《易》學之實踐論．．．．．．．．．１３１
第一節 人心與道心的開展與實踐．．．．１３３
第二節 天理與人欲的調和．．．．．．．１４０
第三節 天德的落實與人道的完成．．．．１４９
第七章 廷祚《易》學之時中觀．．．．．．．．．１５６
第一節 對佛、老思想的導正．．．．．．１５７
第二節 「中」與「時」的內蘊闡發．．．１６９
第三節 時中原理與人道實踐．．．．．．１７８
第八章 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１８８
第一節 本文主要內容的回顧．．．．．．１８８
第二節 本文未來發展的前瞻及缺失．．．１９１
附．程廷祚年譜．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９２
參考書目．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９５學號: 691000078, 學年度: 9
Duo zhong luo xuan xi he liu za huan fang ting de she ji, he tong he xing zhi
No full textPh.D.Polycyclic arenes (PAs) have been studied for many years as key subjects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity, and have recently received considerable attention in the fields of material science and supramolecular chemistry due to their interesting properties and promising applications.Chapter 1 reviews previous studies on synthesis, structures and properties of three interesting families of PAs, namely helicenes, cycloarenes and twistacenes. The first part focuses on helicenes, including multiple helical p-systems. Helicenes are helically shaped molecules defined as ortho-fused polycyclic aromatic compounds in which all rings are angularly arranged. In addition to simple helical p-conjugated systems, the combination of local helicity in a multiple helicene provides molecular dynamics and defines the three-dimensional molecular shape as well as molecular packing in the crystalline state. The second part focuses on fully p-conjugated macrocycles, namely cycloarenes. Cycloarenes are defined as, ''polycyclic aromatic compounds in which, by a combination of angular and linear annelations of benzene units, fully annelated macrocyclic systems are present enclosing a cavity into which carbon–hydrogen bonds point.’’ The third part focuses on twistacenes which adopt a helical conformation due to the steric crowdedness resulting from bulky substituents around the periphery of acenes.Chapter 2 presents two novel types of twisted PAs with constitutionally isomeric p-backbones, which were synthesized by controlling the Scholl reaction of 1,2,4,5-tetra(naphth-2-yl)-3,6-diphenylbenzene with properly positioned electron-donating substituents. With a polycyclic backbone containing two [5]helicene and four [4]helicene moieties, the first type of twisted PAs are new members of multiple helicenes with interesting stereochemistry. The as-synthesized multiple helicenes are the twisted isomer, and the thermal isomerization results in its anti-folded isomer, a more stable stereoisomer. Both twisted and anti-folded isomers have been fully characterized, and the thermal twisted-to-anti isomerization has been studied with 1H NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. The other type of twisted PAs are new members of twistacenes, whose benzannulated pentacene backbone exhibit an end-to-end twist as found from the crystal structure. Twisted and anti-folded isomers of multiple helicenes are also found to function as p-type semiconductors in solution-processed thin film transistors, while the thin films of the novel twistacene molecule appear insulating presumably due to lack of π-π interactions.Chapter 3 presents a facile synthetic route toward the first member of S-heterocycloarenes containing a fully annelated macrocycle, from an easily prepared shape-persistent diacetylene macrocycle through diyne condensation and the Scholl reaction. This S-heterocycloarene functions as p-type semiconductors in solution-processed thin film transistors.作為結構有機化學中與芳香性有關的重要對象，稠環芳烴已被研究多年。因為具有有趣的性質和富有前景的應用，它們最近在材料科學和超分子化學領域受到了廣泛的關注第一章綜述了前人關於三類稠環芳烴（螺旋烯、環芳烴和扭曲並苯）的合成、結構以及性質方面的研究。第一部分著重介紹螺旋烯，包括多重螺旋結構的π體系。螺旋烯是具有螺旋形狀的分子，被定義為通過鄰位結合，且所有的環都是有角度排列的多環芳香化合物。螺旋烯的螺旋結構是由於末端芳香環的斥力位阻造成的。相比於簡單的螺旋π共軛體系，多重螺旋烯中的多重螺旋性提供了分子動力性能，定義了三維分子形狀以及結晶狀態下的分子堆積。第二部分著重介紹一類完全π共軛的大環，環芳烴。環芳烴的定義是“苯環單元沿折線和直線方向延伸，組成具有完全環狀結構的稠環芳香化合物，並且它有一個碳氫鍵朝內指向的空洞”。第三部分著重介紹了扭曲並苯。因為並苯邊緣大體積取代基團造成的空間擁堵，扭曲並苯具有螺旋狀的構型。第二章闡述了π 骨架組成相同的兩種新型扭曲稠環芳烴,它們都是從1,2,4,5-四萘基-3,6-二苯基苯出發，通過控制其供電子取代基團的位置，由Scholl 反應合成得到的。因為它的稠環骨架包含了兩個【5】螺旋烯結構和四個【4】螺旋烯結構，第一種扭曲稠環芳烴是多重螺旋烯，且具有有趣立體化學性質。合成得到的多重螺旋烯異構體具有手性扭曲的構象，熱致異構化使其生成了另一個更穩定的反式折疊異構體。我們全面地表徵了這兩個異構體，並且通過氫譜核磁共振和密度泛函理論計算研究了從手性扭曲到反式折疊這一熱致異構化現象。另一種扭曲稠環芳烴是一個新型扭曲並苯分子。借助於這個分子的晶體結構，我們發現它的苯並並五苯骨架表現出從頭到尾的扭曲。多重螺旋烯的兩個異構體可以在溶液法加工的薄膜晶體管中用作p型半導體，而由新型扭曲並苯分子製備的薄膜並不導電，很可能因為扭曲並苯分子之間缺少π-π 相互作用。第三章闡述了一條簡潔快速的合成策略，從一個易被製備且形狀固定的二炔大環出發，通過二炔縮合和Scholl反應，得到了第一個含有全共軛大環結構的硫雜環芳烴分子。這個硫雜芳烴環既可在溶液法加工的薄膜晶體管中用作p 型半導體。Yang, Yong.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references.Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 21, October, 2019).Yang, Yong
Er tong zu sai xing shui mian zhi xi zheng de yi chuan he jia zu ju ji xing: Xianggang Hua yi bing li dui zhao jia ting yan jiu
No full textPh.D.Background: Previous studies suggested the presence of familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adults. However, there is so far no relevant family study involving both adult and paediatric subjects. It is unclear whether OSA in children is genetically linked with OSA in their parents and siblings, and whether familial aggregation is present in both obese and non-obese subtypes of childhood OSA.Objectives: The primary aim of this project was to examine familial aggregation of OSA using paediatric probands, and to see whether obesity would have any modulation effect. The secondary aims were (1) to identify significant correlates of childhood OSA, and (2) to explore the genetic basis for the association between OSA severity and its potential correlates.Methods: Children aged between 6 and 18 years who attended our paediatric sleep disorder clinic with symptoms suggestive of OSA were invited to undergo nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). Control subjects without habitual snoring were recruited from a concurrent population-based epidemiological study. Children with obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) between 1 and 5/h were defined as having mild OSA, while those with OAHI >=5/h had moderate-to-severe OSA. Parents and siblings of both cases and controls were also invited to undergo anthropometric measurement and nocturnal PSG. A subgroup also underwent x-ray cephalometry, sonographic measurement of lateral parapharyngeal wall thickness (LPW), serum lipid profile determination.Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine children, together with 412 first-degree relatives were recruited. Overall the heritability of OAHI was insignificant (h²=0.03). However, interaction analysis found that overweight significantly modified the heritability of OAHI (p=0.041). In subgroup analysis, it was found that OAHI had significant heritability (h²=0.43) in families of overweight children but not in those of normal weight children (h²=0). Overweight, either in probands or relatives, also modulated the effect of probands’ OSA on relatives’ OAHI. Significant associations were only found in overweight subgroups.A subgroup of 101 families consisting of 127 children and 198 adults underwent x-ray cephalometry, LPW measurement and lipid profile determination. Most of cephalometric measurements (h² range: 0.31–0.64), LPW thickness (h²=0.68), serum lipid profile (h² range: 0.55–0.87), fasting glucose level (h²=0.46) and resting systolic (h²=0.36) and diastolic blood pressure (h²=0.43) had significant heritability. However, among these heritable traits, only LPW thickness and resting systolic blood pressure were both phenotypically (adjusted p=0.004 and 0.037, respectively) and genetically (adjusted p=0.040 and 0.029, respectively) associated with OAHI. A longer distance from mandibular plane to hyoid bone (MP-H), i.e. a lower hyoid bone position, was also phenotypically (adjusted p=0.001) associated with a higher OAHI. The genetic association was insignificant, however (adjusted p=0.19). Similar findings were obtained in overweight subgroup but not in normal weight subgroup, in which LPW thickness and hyoid bone position were only phenotypically but not genetically associated with OAHI, and no association between resting blood pressure and OAHI could be observed.We also utilized the data collected from paediatric subjects to derive prediction models for classifying OSA severity. This analysis included 129 children, of whom 67 had OAHI5/h, while all the false positive had mild OSA.Conclusions: Heritability of OAHI and familial aggregation of childhood OSA was significantly modified by obesity, supporting that childhood OSA should be separated into normal weight and overweight/obese subtypes. The significant heritability of OAHI in overweight but not normal weight participants also supported that OSA in overweight children OSA is more adult-like whereas OSA in normal weight children may be considered as a distinct disorder that is different from adult OSA. Besides, LPW thickness and resting blood pressure had significant heritability and had shared genetic variances with OAHI, implicating that these traits may be helpful for future gene discovery study of childhood OSA. Finally, the prediction model for classification of OSA severity would be useful for screening and prioritisation for overnight PSG or even treatment if the model is further validated in a prospective cohort.背景：之前在成人的研究發現阻塞性睡眠窒息症（OSA）有家族聚集性。然而，到目前為止還沒有涉及成人和兒童受試者的相關家庭研究。目前尚不清楚兒童的OSA是否與其父母和兄弟姐妹的OSA有關聯，以及肥胖會否影響兒童OSA的家族聚集性。目標：這項研究的主要目的是使用兒童作先證者以探討OSA的家族聚集性，並觀察肥胖會否改變OSA的家族聚集性。次要目標是（1）找出與兒童OSA的顯著相關因素，及（2）探索這些相關因素與OSA嚴重程度指標的潛在遺傳基礎。方法：我們邀請6至18歲的兒童作為這項家庭研究的先證者。於兒科門診就診並有出現OSA症狀的兒童會被邀請進行夜間睡眠監測（PSG）。我們同時亦從另一項同時進行的社區流行病學研究中招募沒有習慣性打鼾的兒童作對照。阻塞性呼吸暫停低通氣指數（OAHI）在每小時1和5次之間的兒童會被定義為患有輕度OSA，而OAHI≥每小時5次的兒童則會被定義為中度至重度OSA患者。此外，先證者的父母和兄弟姐妹也會一併被招募進行測試。當中一部份的參加者更會接受了X光面顱測量、側咽壁厚度（LPW）的超聲波測量，以及抽取空腹血液作血脂測定。結果：我們共招募了229名兒童和412名第一近親。總體而言，OAHI的遺傳率並不顯著（h²=0.03）。然而，進一步分析發現超重會顯著改變OAHI的遺傳力（p=0.041）。在次群組分析中，我們發現OAHI在超重兒童家庭中具有顯著的遺傳性（h²=0.43），但在正常體重兒童家庭中沒有（h²=0）。無論是先證者或其親屬超重，都會影響先證者OSA與親屬OAHI的關係。而僅在超重的次群組中才能發現顯著的關聯。這項家庭研究當中的101個家庭共包括127名兒童和198名成人接受了X光側面面顱測量、LPW測量和血脂測定。大多數面顱測量（h2範圍：0.31–0.64），LPW厚度（h2=0.68），血脂（h2範圍：0.55–0.87），空腹血糖水平（h2=0.46）和靜態收縮（h2=0.36）和舒張壓（h2=0.43）具有顯著的遺傳性。然而，在這些遺傳特徵中，只有LPW厚度和靜態收縮壓同時是表型上（分別調整為p=0.004和0.037）及遺傳上（分別調整p=0.040和0.029）與OAHI相關。從下頜骨平面到舌骨的距離（MP-H，即舌骨位置）也與OAHI表型上相關（調整p=0.001）。然而，遺傳關聯卻不顯著（調整後p=0.19）。在超重的次群組中也找到類似的結果，但在正常體重次群組中卻沒有，其中LPW厚度和舌骨位置僅是表型上但不是遺傳上與OAHI相關，而靜態血壓和OAHI之間更是沒有任何顯著關聯。我們還利用從童兒受試者收集的數據推導出用於OSA嚴重程度分類的預測模型。該分析包括129名兒童，其中67名的OAHI<1/h，36名的OAHI1-5/h，26名的OAHI≥5/h。由年齡，性別，體重指數z評分，頸圍，夜間症狀，扁桃體大小，LPW厚度和舌骨位置組成的預測模型顯著地解釋了OAHI的58%的方差。具有相似預測因子的另一個序數回歸模型能夠正確識別出79.5%的無OSA病例（OAHI<1/h），而所有假陰性病例都只有輕度OSA。該模型還能正確識別出83.3%的中度至嚴重（OAHI≥5/h）病例，而所有的假陽性病例都有輕度OSA。結論：肥胖對OAHI的遺傳性和兒童OSA的家族聚集性有顯著的影響，這發現可作為將兒童OSA分為正常體重和超重／肥胖兩類型的根據。OAHI只在超重的群組中展現顯著的遺傳性，意味著超重兒童的OSA比較類似成人OSA，而正常體重兒童的OSA則可視為與成人OSA不同的獨特疾病。另外，LPW厚度和靜態血壓具有顯著的遺傳性，並且與OAHI具有共同的遺傳方差，暗示這些特徵可能有助於未來兒童OSA的基因發現研究。而用作OSA嚴重程度分類的預測模型或可用於篩選和區分兒童進行睡眠測試或甚至接受治療的優先次序，但須透過前瞻性隊列研究進一步驗證該模型的分類能力。Au, Chun Ting."October 2018."Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-128).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Au, Chun Ting
Wang Wenzhi yu lan ting xu
No full text清代乾嘉时期書家王文治（1730-1802）為帖派健將，以一手瀟灑流麗的書法垂譽書史，有"淡墨探花"之稱。其學書歷程漫長、取法廣博，由明末董其昌（1555-1636）開始上溯晉唐，終以王羲之（303-361）為代表的晉人書風作最終堂奧，更直言"書以右軍為宗"。在眾多書法經典中，尤對《蘭亭序》情有獨鍾，認為"禊敘一帖關乎書法源流"，將之置於最關鍵的位置，成為一生臨習不斷的典範。其一生所見、所學、所跋《蘭亭》版本眾多，又以"定武蘭亭"致為鍾愛，自言研究超過二十年。此種書學取態，非但是個人性情之因，亦與當時皇家和文人圈締造的蘭亭風尚有關。本文核心共包含四個篇章：第一章"蘭亭風尚"，從清代前中期皇家和文人圈對《蘭亭序》的刻藏、研究和臨寫，來窺看當時的蘭亭之風。指出時人對蘭亭修禊的效仿已變成雅集的一種，是蘭亭風尚中最為突出的表現之一。第二章"蘭亭情結"，重組三次武昌借園的修禊，集中環繞乾隆五十八年（癸丑，1793）春舉行的"借園修禊"。從王文治的《蘭亭》集詩及書畫題跋中，尤其挪用"歲在癸丑，暮春之初"的年款，探究他對《蘭亭》的深厚情結。第三章"蘭亭品鑒"，先論王文治在考據時風下不依考據，純以"品韻"鑒別書畫的因由與方法；繼而梳理他品鑒過的《蘭亭》版本，分析他"禊敘一帖關乎書法源流"之論背後的含義，並討論他對不同《蘭亭》版本的看法。最後，指出不論何本王文治都視為原帖化身，將之與王羲之緊扣。第四章"蘭亭之路"，則重塑王文治在書壇董趙書風籠罩下，以董其昌為起步，借鑒歷代書家學王之徑，逼近王羲之，進入《蘭亭序》的臨池自運過程。特別詳細分析他如何通過對《蘭亭》的臨寫、集詩和集聯來演繹《蘭亭》，將之化入腕底，最終自出機杼，在清代書壇芸芸帖學高手中脫穎而出。從王文治對《蘭亭序》的取態和學習，可窺看在金石考據學方興未艾、碑學萌芽的時代，《蘭亭》的魅力和位置，從而更全面瞭解十八世紀中國書壇面貌，比起傳統認識上的碑興帖衰，來得更多元並蓄。This dissertation is a study of the 18th century Chinese calligrapher, Wang Wenzhi (1730-1802). Being famous for his elegant and graceful brushwork with relatively light ink tone, Wang Wenzhi advocated the Model-book School (tiexue) throughout his life. He regarded the late Ming master Dong Qichang (1555-1636) as his primary source in the study of the Two Wangs tradition. Starting from the works of Dong Qichang and the other calligraphy masters preceding him, he finally traced back to the style of Wang Xizhi (303-361), who was his target. Among all the classical works of calligraphy, the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering (Lanting xu) by Wang Xizhi was his favorite, which he regarded, more than any other, to be the origin of Chinese calligraphy. Wang Wenzhi has seen, studied, and practiced a large number of different versions of the Lanting xu in his life. This interesting phenomenon is closely related to his time, which was a "Lanting fashion" period.This dissertation includes four chapters. The first one reconstructs the "Lanting fashion" in the 18th century. During this period, both emperors and scholars had great interests in collecting, reproducing and copying the Lanting xu. They also loved to follow and imitate the Orchid Pavilion gathering. The second chapter focuses on the three literati gatherings in the Jie Garden in Wuchang during the 1790s. It especially focuses on how Wang Wenzhi expressed his passion for the Lanting xu during the third gathering in 1793. The third chapter studies Wang Wenzhi’s principle of connoisseurship in calligraphy and painting, and analyses his attitude towards different versions of the Lanting xu. The fourth chapter is about how he learned from and practiced copying the Lanting xu. This dissertation, finally tries to argue that the practice of calligraphy in the 18th century was more varied and diversified than previously thought, the Model-book School being at its most glorious.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.陳冠男 = Wang Wenzhi and Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering / Chan Kwun Nam.Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-202).Abstracts also in Chinese.Chen Guannan = Wang Wenzhi and Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering / Chan Kwun Nam
Zhong shi nong suo ka fei: Yidali Bolongna de yi min chuang ye he zu qun xiang yu
No full textPh.D.Italian coffee bars represent an economic sector that is commonly tied to Italy’s urban culture and local identity in everyday life, not to mention the discursive social and cultural implications of espresso as a symbol of “Italian-ness.” Since the economic crisis that began in 2008, however, many coffee bars in Northern-Central Italy have been taken over by Chinese immigrants who work as both business owners and baristas. The Italian public has displayed concern and anxiety about the perceived loss of national culture, with many people unable to understand why the Chinese were able to take over so many coffee bars when even their previous Italian owners could not maintain them. It is also difficult for them to conceive how immigrants, especially Chinese, who presumably come from a totally different culture, could manage a coffee bar without a deep understanding of Italian culture.This study explores how espresso coffee that Italians believe is quintessentially Italian is increasingly served in coffee bars run by Chinese immigrants. It looks closely at how transnational migrants are included in the production of a local commodity culture and their intercultural encounters with local society. It thereby examines the role that a local commodity culture plays in shaping ethnic relations between immigrant entrepreneurs and their host society. Data come from fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted primarily in Bologna, a city in Northern Italy. The study begins by problematizing the very constructed notion of a “national” or otherwise “ethnic” commodity – espresso coffee. After that, it reveals how this ethnicized commodity, as well as its sites for consumption, has been transformed into a new business niche for Chinese immigrant entrepreneurship. Then, by examining their technical and social skills, it explains how Chinese baristas receive recognition from local established customers by reproducing local taste and performing sociability in everyday interactions. Chinese baristas’ lives outside of the working space are also investigated to shed light on why and how they maintain and cultivate ethnic boundaries within their host society. It argues that these immigrants, rather than being the “cultural invaders” espoused by anti-immigrant discourse, are helping to maintain an older way of life among the local society.The thesis introduces the concept of “local-stranger” to capture the paradoxical position of the immigrants who are “local” in a local commodity culture, but a stranger at the national level and in the nationalist discourse.咖啡吧是義大利日常生活中的一個重要經濟部門，與義大利的城市文化和地方身份認同緊密相連，濃縮咖啡（espresso）更是蘊含著豐富的社會文化內涵，常常被認為是「義大利性（Italian-ness）」的一個象徵。然而，自從2008年經濟危機爆發以來，義大利中北部地區的許多咖啡吧被華人移民買走。他們既是咖啡吧的老闆，也是身體力行的咖啡師。義大利公眾對這一現象表現出特別的關注和擔憂，認為這是國家文化的丟失。他們當中許多人不能夠理解為什麼華人可以買走那麼多咖啡吧，而之前的義大利老闆卻無法維持經營。他們更加無法想像那些對義大利文化一知半解外來移民，尤其是來自完全不同文化背景的華人，是如何經營咖啡吧的。本民族誌研究嘗試探討濃縮咖啡，這一義大利人普遍認為的典型義大利飲品，是如何逐漸由華人移民在其經營的咖啡吧中生產並銷售的。本民族誌近距離觀察跨國移民如何被納入地方商品文化的生產，以及他們與本地社會的跨文化碰撞，並由此探討地方商品文化在塑造移民企業家與移入社會之間的民族關係中所扮演的角色。本研究的數據主要來自筆者在義大利北方城市波隆那所進行的為期十四個月的田野調查。本民族誌首先探討濃縮咖啡是如何被構建成一個國家和民族的商品，然後展示這一族群化的商品及其消費場所如何轉化為華人移民創業的新行業。接著，本研究通過對華人咖啡師技術技能和社交技能的分析，闡明了華人咖啡師是如何通過再造地方性口味和在日常互動中表現其社交能力來獲得本地顧客的認可的。最後，本研究也對華人咖啡師在工作場所之外的生活進行調查，分析他們在移入社會建立和維持族群邊界的原因和方式。這一民族誌展示出這些移民非但不是反移民話語中的文化入侵者，而是在幫助地方社會維護一種舊式的生活方式。本論文提出「在地人／陌生人」（local-stranger）的概念來刻畫一部分移民的矛盾角色。他們一方面是地方商品文化中的「在地人」，另一方面又是國家層面和民族主義的話語中的陌生人。Deng, Ting."December 2018."Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 282-297).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Deng, Ting
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No full textThe Analysis and Interpretation of Eugene Ysa\uc3\ubfe\ue2s Sonata for Solo Violin No. 3, Op. 27
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The Influence Factors and International Comparison of Currency Crises under Abnormal Flow of Capital
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