54 research outputs found
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Batang Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) terhadap Artemia salina serta Isolasi Salah Satu Komponen Penyusunnya.
No full textABSTRACT Munfaati, Elmi. 2016. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Batang Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) terhadap Artemia salina serta Isolasi Salah Satu Komponen Penyusunnya. Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Siti Marfu’ah, M.S., (II) Dr. H. Sutrisno, M.Si.,Kata Kunci: batang kenikir, fraksi etil asetat, toksisitas, Artemia salinaKenikir (Cosmos caudatus) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang tumbuh subur dan sering dijumpai di Indonesia. Umumnya, bagian kenikir yang dimanfaatkan adalah daun, sedangkan batangnya tidak dimanfaatkan. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa pada batang kenikir mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, saponin, steroid, dan flavonoid. Adanya senyawa-senyawa tersebut menyebabkan kenikir memiliki aktivitas yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Toksisitas ekstrak metanol dan fraksi etil asetat batang kenikir terhadap Artemia salina belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Artemia salina merupakan sejenis udang laut yang digunakan untuk menguji toksisitas suatu bahan alam dan banyak digunakan untuk penemuan senyawa antikanker baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menentukan sifat toksisitas ekstrak metanol batang kenikir, 2) menentukan sifat toksisitas fraksi etil asetat batang kenikir, dan 3) mengidentifikasi komponen hasil pemisahan fraksi etil asetat ekstrak batang kenikir.Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari 8 tahap yaitu, 1) preparasi sampel, (2) ekstraksi, 3) uji fitokimia, 4) uji toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina dengan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test), 5) analisis kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), 6) pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom gravitasi, 7) pemisahan komponen dengan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLT preparatif), 8) identifikasi komponen hasil pemisahan secara organoleptik dan analisis secara spektrofotometri IR.Ekstrak metanol dan fraksi etil asetat batang kenikir bersifat toksik terhadap Artemia salina dengan nilai LC50 berturut-turut sebesar 695 ppm dan 727ppm. Komponen hasil isolasi dari fraksi etil asetat batang kenikir merupakan padatan berwarna kuning pudar, positif terhadap uji flavonoid, dan mempunyai pita serapan khas gugus C-C, C-H, dan C=C aromatik, -OH, C-H alifatik, serta CO eter. Komponen hasil isolasi fraksi etil asetat batang kenikir diduga merupakan golongan flavonoid.ABSTRACT Munfaati, Elmi. 2016. Toxicity Test of Methanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Kenikir’s Stem (Cosmos caudatus) using Artemia salina and Isolation One of Its Component. Undergraduate Thesis. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Malang. Advisors: (I) Dr. Siti Marfu’ah, M.S., (II) Dr. H. Sutrisno, M.Si.,Keywords: kenikir’s stem, ethyl acetate fraction, toxicity, Artemia salinaKenikir (Cosmos caudatus) is one of plants which can flourish and it is almost found in Indonesia. In general, the part of kenikir which can be used is its leaves, while its stem cannot be used. The previous study showed that the kenikir’s stem consisted of secondary metabolite compounds i.e. alkaloid, saponin, steroid, and flavonoid. The existing of all those compounds causes kenikir plant has biological activity which can be used. The toxicity of methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction on the kenikir’s stem has not been researched yet. Artemia salina is like a shrimp that is used to test the toxicity of a natural substance and it is also almost used for the inventory of new anti-cancer compound. This study aims to (1) determine the toxicity characteristics of methanol extract on the kenikir’s stem, (2) determine the toxicity characteristics of ethyl acetate fraction on the kenikir’s stem, and (3) identify the component of the separation result in ethyl acetate fraction on the kenikir’s stem.The study consisted of 8 steps i.e. 1) the sample preparation, 2) the extraction, 3) the phytochemical test, 4) the toxicity test toward Artemia salina shrimp larvae through BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test), 5) the analysis of thin layer chromatography, 6) the separation of using gravitation column chromatography, 7) the component separation using preparative thin layer chromatography, 8) the component identification of the separation result through organoleptic and the analysis of using spectrophotometry IR. Methanol exctract and ethyl acetate fraction of the kenikir’s stem were toxic toward Artemia salina with LC50 were 695 ppm and 727 ppm respectively. The component of isolation from ethyl acetate fraction of the kenikir’s stem was the solid with dim yellow colored, gave positive test on the existing of flavonoid group, and having the absorption bands i.e. groups of C-C, C-H and C=C aromatic, -OH, C-H aliphatic, and CO eter. The isolation component of ethyl acetate fraction of kenikir’s stem was assumed that it belong to flavonoid group
PENERAPAN PELAYANAN WAITER/SS KETIKA HIGH SEASON DI COFFEE SHOP HOTEL ELMI SURABAYA
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to know the application of services during high season in The Coffee Shop Elmi Surabaya Hotel. The writer who is a waitress at the Elmi Surabaya Hotel Coffee Shop observed the application of the service. the author can conclude that the application of services to guests in The Coffee Shop Elmi Surabaya hotel during high season really need communication, good body language. With the implementation of these services, it is very helpful for the smooth operation and avoiding guest complaints at the Elmi Surabaya Hotel coffee shop.
Key Words : waiter/ss, services, The Coffee Sho
PERAN WAITER/SS DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN DI THE COFFEE SHOP HOTEL ELMI SURABAYA
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to determine the role of waiter/ss in providing services in The Coffee Shop Elmi Hotel Surabaya. The writer who is a waitress in The Coffee Shop observes the role of the waiter/ss. The author can conclude that the waiter/ss at The Coffee Shop Elmi Hotel Surabaya has several roles in providing services to guests. With this waiter/ss role, it is very helpful for the smooth operation of The Coffee Shop Elmi Hotel Surabaya.
Key Words : waiter/ss, services, restauran
Afyare Abdi Elmi. Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Islam and Peacebuilding
Get PDFThis book is worth reading for at least two main reasons. First it offers an insider’s point of view since Professor Afyare Abdi Elmi, though educated in Western universities, shares and conveys Somali culture and values, in other words Somali identity. Second, because the author not only deals with the features of the Somali war, but he also discusses its possible solutions. By adopting a social constructivist approach, Elmi underlines that Somali identity is defined by two key characteristi..
Recensão: Afyare Abdi Elmi. Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Islam and Peacebuilding. London: Pluto Press. 2010. Pp. xviii + 193. Hardback £ 54.00. Paperback £ 16.00. ISBN: 9780745329741
No full textThis book is worth reading for at least two main reasons. First it offers an insider’s point of view since Professor Afyare Abdi Elmi, though educated in Western universities, shares and conveys Somali culture and values, in other words Somali identity. Second, because the author not only deals with the features of the Somali war, but he also discusses its possible solutions
Recensão: Afyare Abdi Elmi. Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Islam and Peacebuilding. London: Pluto Press. 2010. Pp. xviii + 193. Hardback £ 54.00. Paperback £ 16.00. ISBN: 9780745329741
No full textThis book is worth reading for at least two main reasons. First it offers an insider’s point of view since Professor Afyare Abdi Elmi, though educated in Western universities, shares and conveys Somali culture and values, in other words Somali identity. Second, because the author not only deals with the features of the Somali war, but he also discusses its possible solutions
Pandinurus awalei Kovařík & Lowe & Elmi 2020, sp. n.
No full textPandinurus awalei sp. n. (Figs. 23–76, 83, Table 1) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4080C8CB- 2FF9-4A2D-9B85-CCEE3849CA02 TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, Agabar, 09°53'04.8"N 43°57'40.9"E, 982 m a. s. l.; FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL (FKCP). Somaliland, Agabar, 09°53'04.8"N 43°57'40.9"E, 982 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 19SO, Fig. 53), 9.VII.2019, 1♂ (holotype, No. 1845, 5 th, maturity ecdysis 27.II.2020, Figs. 25–28, 31, 33, 35–38, 40, 45–52, 62–63, 67– 72), 1♀ (paratype, scorpion born 18.VII.2019, Figs. 29–30, 32, 34, 39, 41–44, 54–61, 64–66, 73–74), 1♀ (paratype still alive, ecdysis 14.IX.2019, maturity ecdysis 22.VIII.2020, Fig. 76), 1juv. (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk et T. Mazuch, 1♂ (paratype, born 18.VII.2019, 2 nd ecdysis 19.–25.IX.2019, 3 rd ecdysis 15.– 22.XI.2019, 4 th ecdysis 11.I.–20.II.2020, 5 th, maturity ecdysis 11.VII.2020, Fig. 75), 7 juveniles or adult females (paratypes) after 5 th ecdysis still alive (born 18.VII.2019, 2 nd ecdysis 19.– 25.IX.2019, 3 rd ecdysis 15.–22.XI.2019, 4 th ecdysis 11.I.–20. II.2020, 5 th ecdysis 10. VI.–25.VIII.2020). ETYMOLOGY. Named after Ahmed Ibrahim Awale, an ecologist from Somaliland, a university lecturer, chairman of Candlelight NGO, and co-founder and chairman of Somaliland Biodiversity Foundation. He is also the author of several scientific papers and books including Environment in Crisis: Selected Essays on Somali Environment (2016); and Introduction to Plants in Central Somaliland (the latter together with Helen Pickering, 2018). DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 90–105 mm. Color uniformly reddish brown to black; legs yellow; chela orange to brown but yellow in young specimens; telson yellowish brown to black. Chelicerae yellowish brown, reticulate, with black fingers and anterior margin. Carapace lacking carinae but with sparse granules, anterior part smooth. External trichobothria on patella number 17–19 (5 eb, 4–6 esb, 2 em, 3 est, 3 et); ventral trichobothria on patella number 35–43; internal trichobothria on chela number 3, accessory external trichobothrium ea on chela absent, ventral trichobothria on chela number 11– 13. Pedipalp densely hirsute, mainly on chela. Granules on dorsal surface of chela of pedipalp conical and rounded. Lobe of chela granulated with the same intensity as whole dorsal surface of chela. External surface of chela with granules and without carinae which could be indicated in females. Chela of male length/ width ratio 1.87. Pectine teeth 17–19 in both sexes. Dorsal carinae on second through fourth metasomal segments granulate by large pointed tooth. Spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 6-7/4: 6-7/4: 7/5: 7–8/5. Tarsomere II with 2 spines on inclined anteroventral surface. Length to width ratio of metasoma V of male 2.79. DESCRIPTION. Habitus as shown in Figs. 25–26, 29–30. Total length 90–105 mm. Coloration (Figs. 25–26, 29–30, 43–46, 73–76). Base color uniform reddish brown to black, young specimens more pale (Fig. 75). Legs yellow, pedipalp chela orange to brown but yellow in young specimens, and telson yellowish brown to black. Chelicerae yellowish brown, reticulate, with black fingers and anterior margin. Pedipalps (Figs. 23–24, 48–52, 54–64). Pedipalps densely hirsute, mainly on the chela. Femur smooth with several large granules dorsally, and four carinae composed of several strong granules. Patella smooth and rugose externally, with four carinae. Granules on dorsoexternal surface of chela conical and rounded. Lobe of chela granulated with same intensity as whole dorsal surface of chela. Internal surface of chela granulated by conical usually pointed granules mainly in anterior part. Dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp with distinct granules in two parallel rows, present in anterior half of fingers. Posterior half of fingers almost without granules in male, with distinct granules in a row in female. Trichobothriotaxy (Figs. 54–59). External trichobothria on the patella number 17–19 (5 eb, 4–6 esb, 2 em, 3 est, 3 et); accessory external trichobothrium ea on chela absent, ventral trichobothria on patella number 35–43; internal trichobothria on chela number 3, ventral trichobothria on chela number 11–13. Metasoma and telson (Figs. 40–47). Metasomal segments I–IV each with a total of 8 complete carinae of which the ventral on segments I–III are smooth. Other carinae sparsely granulated. Segment V with five carinae developed and granulated. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of the segments rugose with several granules, segments IV–V more granulated. Dorsal carinae on segments II–IV granulate with large pointed tooth. Entire surfaces of metasoma and telson hirsute with long setae. Telson smooth to rugose, bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 31–34). Carapace smooth without carinae, sparsely covered by large granules medially and laterally, and finely granulated with small granules posteriorly mainly in the male. Anterior margin of carapace bilobate, strongly emarginate medially, bearing several macrosetae. Three lateral eyes present on each side. Tergites finely granulated in the male, almost smooth in the female. Pectinal tooth count 17–19 in both sexes. Pectine marginal tips extend to the anterior first quarter of sternite IV in the male, and anterior third quarter of sternite III in the female. Sternites smooth, without carinae, but with two longitudinal furrows. Chelicerae (Figs. 27–28, 65–66). Movable finger dorsal margin with one large subdistal (sd) denticle; ventral margin smooth; ventral distal (vd) denticle longer than prominent dorsal (dd) denticle. Fixed finger with four denticles, median (m) and basal (b) denticles fused into bicusp; no ventral accessory denticles. Legs (Figs. 35–39). All legs without distinct carinae, smooth. Tarsomeres hirsute, with setae and macrosetae. Spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 6-7/4: 6-7/4: 7/5: 7–8/5. Tarsomere II with 2 spines on inclined anteroventral surface but there could be an additional spiniform seta on external margin indicated by another not well developed spina. Hemispermatophore. (Figs. 67–72). Lamelliform. Distal lamina long, with robust hook on anterior margin near base. Lamina constricted immediately distal to hook, but gradually widening more distally. Apex of lamina with sharp posterior deflection at ca. 70° angle relative to proximal axis, tapering to a narrow, slightly bent tip. Portion of distal lamina proximal to hook with broad, shallow trough on convex side.Truncal flexure, tectum, hemisolenos and clasper strongly developed. Trunk relatively short, ca. half of length of distal lamina, gradually tapered towards base, with weakly sclerotized diagonal axial rib. Proximal 2/3 of axial rib running along posterior margin of trunk. Both left and right hemispermatophores displayed similar morphology. Measurements of left hemispermatophore (mm): distal lamina: total length from truncal flexure 9.90; length from truncal flexure to base of hook 2.39; length from base of hook to apical deflection 6.37; width immediately proximal to hook 0.97, immediately distal to hook 0.69; width at apical deflection 1.03. Trunk: length 3.47; distal width 1.47, basal width 0.77. Pedicel: length 1.91. Morphometric ratios: distal lamina total length/ trunk length 2.85; distal lamina proximal to hook length/ distal to hook length 3.08. Measurements. See Table 1. REMARKS. Overall structure of the hemispermatophore of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. is quite similar to those recorded for seven other Pandinurus spp. (KovařÍk et al., 2017c), which also have a long, narrow distal lamina that is sharply deflected at its apex, and a short trunk. AFFINITIES. Pandinurus awalei sp. n. is reliably distinguished from all other Pandinurus species by the following unique combination of characters: accessory external trichobothrium ea on pedipalp chela absent; granules on dorsal surface of chela of pedipalp conical and rounded, not pointed; legs yellow; pedipalp chela densely hirsute; pedipalp chela of male length/ width ratio 1.87; spiniform formula of tarsomere II = 6-7/4: 6-7/4: 7/5: 7–8/5. The type locality of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. is relatively close to known areas of distribution of P. hangarale KovařÍk et al., 2017, P. kmoniceki KovařÍk et al., 2017, and P. phillipsi (Pocock, 1896). These other species differ as follows: P. hangarale has the whole body including legs dark (figs. 22–23 in KovařÍk et al., 2017a: 7) and has male pedipalp chela length/ width ratio of 1.59; P. kmoniceki and P. phillipsi have accessory external trichobothrium ea on the chela present and located between trichobothria esb and eb on the base of the fixed finger (fig. 6 in KovařÍk et al., 2017b: 4), and have a pedipalp chela that is not as densely hirsute as in P. awalei sp. n. These species also differ genetically (unpublished data). COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. Pandinurus awalei sp. n. inhabits rocky mountain areas in central Somaliland. The types were collected by day under rocks in open terrain. At this locality, the first author also recorded Buthus berberensis Pocock, 1900, Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896), Neobuthus solegladi KovařÍk, 2019 (type locality), Parabuthus somalilandus KovařÍk et al. 2019, and Hemiscorpius sp. Taxonomic position of Pandinurus intermedius (Borelli , 1919) Prendini & Loria (2020: 442) formally synonymized Pandinus intermedius Borelli, 1919 under Pandinus citernii Borelli, 1919 (both now in the genus Pandinurus), “ two Ethiopian species of Pandinurus, described from the same type locality ”, without explanation of their taxonomic act. In their paragraph, the authors cited only “ unpublished data ”. They did not address previously proposed diagnostic characters, in particular chelal trichobothrium ea, which is present in P. intermedius and absent in P. citernii, and ignored other morphological characters published in KovařÍk et al. (2017c). They characterized these as “Ethiopian” species, although the originally cited type localities are actually located in Somalia. In fact, two separate areas of distribution in Ethiopia were indeed confirmed by KovařÍk et al. (2017c). However, the co-occurrence of both species at “the same type locality” in Somalia had not been confirmed. Borelli (1919) studied specimens collected by Carlo Citerni, and there is a significant possibility that Citerni did not personally collect these specimens and assign locality labels himself. It has been repeatedly documented that old specimens in Italian museums are labelled with imprecise localities, and their true geographic distributions need to be independently confirmed (see also KovařÍk et al, 2019: 61). The confirmed distributions of both the species in Ethiopia, as well as their unconfirmed type locality in Somalia, are mapped in Fig. 83. In addition, recent DNA and chromosomal analysis further supports the view that both are separate and valid species. For example, P. intermedius has a constant number of chromosomes of 2n=110, whereas P. citernii has a different and constant number of chromosomes of 2n=120 (ŠtundlovÁ, 2019). We therefore reinstate Pandinurus intermedius (Borelli, 1919) as a valid species distinct from P. citernii (Borelli, 1919). Taxonomic position of Pandipalpus lowei (Kovařík, 2012) Prendini & Loria (2020: 442) formally synonymized Pandinus lowei KovařÍk, 2012 under Pandinus viatoris Pocock, 1890 (both now in the genus Pandipalpus), citing only “ unpublished data ” and not providing specific details or analyses to support their taxonomic act. They wrote: “ It is also evident, based firstly on the absence of consistent morphological differences, and secondly on low genetic divergence between samples collected at the type locality of Pandinus lowei Kovařík, 2012 , and across the distribution of P. viatoris (unpublished data), that these taxa are conspecific, justifying the following synonymy ”. However, the claim of “ the absence of consistent morphological differences ” is inconsistent with our data. For example, as illustrated in Figs. 77–81, there are pronounced differences in the morphometrics and granulation of the pedipalp chelae of these two species. The P. viatorus male from Kamonga, Democratic Republic of Congo (Fig. 79), a locality relatively close (250 km) to the type locality of P. lowei (Lusinga, Parc National de Upemba, Democratic Republic of Congo) has distinctly more elongate pedipalp fingers and weaker manus granulation vs. the P. lowei male (Fig. 77). The chela of another P. viatorus male (Fig. 81) is very similar, although it originates from Iringa, Tanzania, a locality separated from Kamonga by 1,100 km. Also very similar is the chela of another male from 92 km NW of Mpika, Zambia (460 km from Kamonga) (see fig. 38 in KovařÍk, 2012: 12). This indicates that the morphology is stable over the wide geographic range of P. viatoris (KovařÍk, 2012: 19, fig. 64), and there is no obvious character gradient that links or overlaps with P. lowei. Other diagnostic characters separating the two species were cited in KovařÍk (2012). The second justification of synonymy by “ low genetic divergence “ was not demonstrated in Prendini & Loria (2020), and there was no indication that the authors analyzed the types of these species. Considering the absence of convincing evidence for synonymy, and the documented morphological differences, we reinstate Pandipalpus lowei (KovařÍk, 2012) as a valid species distinct from P. viatoris (Pocock, 1890). Taxonomic position of Pandinurus intermedius (Borelli , 1919) Prendini & Loria (2020: 442) formally synonymized Pandinus intermedius Borelli, 1919 under Pandinus citernii Borelli, 1919 (both now in the genus Pandinurus), “ two Ethiopian species of Pandinurus, described from the same type locality ”, without explanation of their taxonomic act. In their paragraph, the authors cited only “ unpublished data ”. They did not address previously proposed diagnostic characters, in particular chelal trichobothrium ea, which is present in P. intermedius and absent in P. citernii, and ignored other morphological characters published in KovařÍk et al. (2017c). They characterized these as “Ethiopian” species, although the originally cited type localities are actually located in Somalia. In fact, two separate areas of distribution in Ethiopia were indeed confirmed by KovařÍk et al. (2017c). However, the co-occurrence of both species at “the same type locality” in Somalia had not been confirmed. Borelli (1919) studied specimens collected by Carlo Citerni, and there is a significant possibility that Citerni did not personally collect these specimens and assign locality labels himself. It has been repeatedly documented that old specimens in Italian museums are labelled with imprecise localities, and their true geographic distributions need to be independently confirmed (see also KovařÍk et al, 2019: 61). The confirmed distributions of both the species in Ethiopia, as well as their unconfirmed type locality in Somalia, are mapped in Fig. 83. In addition, recent DNA and chromosomal analysis further supports the view that both are separate and valid species. For example, P. intermedius has a constant number of chromosomes of 2n=110, whereas P. citernii has a different and constant number of chromosomes of 2n=120 (ŠtundlovÁ, 2019). We therefore reinstate Pandinurus intermedius (Borelli, 1919) as a valid species distinct from P. citernii (Borelli, 1919). Taxonomic position of Pandipalpus lowei (Kovařík, 2012) Prendini & Loria (2020: 442) formally synonymized Pandinus lowei KovařÍk, 2012 under Pandinus viatoris Pocock, 1890 (both now in the genus Pandipalpus), citing only “ unpublished data ” and not providing specific details or analyses to support their taxonomic act. They wrote: “ It is also evident, based firstly on the absence of consistent morphological differences, and secondly on low genetic divergence between samples collected at the type locality of Pandinus lowei Kovařík, 2012 , and across the distribution of P. viatoris (unpublished data), that these taxa are conspecific, justifying the following synonymy ”. However, the claim of “ the absence of consistent morphological differences ” is inconsistent with our data. For example, as illustrated in Figs. 77–81, there are pronounced differences in the morphometrics and granulation of the pedipalp chelae of these two species. The P. viatorus male from Kamonga, Democratic Republic of Congo (Fig. 79), a locality relatively close (250 km) to the type locality of P. lowei (Lusinga, Parc National de Upemba, Democratic Republic of Congo) has distinctly more elongate pedipalp fingers and weaker manus granulation vs. the P. lowei male (Fig. 77). The chela of another P. viatorus male (Fig. 81) is very similar, although it originates from Iringa, Tanzania, a locality separated from Kamonga by 1,100 km. Also very similar is the chela of another male from 92 km NW of Mpika, Zambia (460 km from Kamonga) (see fig. 38 in KovařÍk, 2012: 12). This indicates that the morphology is stable over the wide geographic range of P. viatoris (KovařÍk, 2012: 19, fig. 64), and there is no obvious character gradient that links or overlaps with P. lowei. Other diagnostic characters separating the two species were cited in KovařÍk (2012). The second justification of synonymy by “ low genetic divergence “ was not demonstrated in Prendini & Loria (2020), and there was no indication that the authors analyzed the types of these species. Considering the absence of convincing evidence for synonymy, and the documented morphological differences, we reinstate Pandipalpus lowei (KovařÍk, 2012) as a valid species distinct from P. viatoris (Pocock, 1890).Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme & Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman, 2020, Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXV. Description of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. and the male of Pandiborellius somalilandus (Kovařík, 2012), with remarks on recent synonymies (Scorpionidae: Pandininae), pp. 1-21 in Euscorpius 322 on pages 7-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.464882
How SMEs Performance Drives the Exportation Ecosystem Resilience
No full textAbstract: Exportation ecosystems are highly complex and can collapse when subjected to local and global disruptions. Similarly, unsuitable topology structures (network structures) and performance of SME sector can affect the growth of economic resilience. These two factors are necessary for the exportation ecosystem resilience and organizations to withstand and remain operational during economic shocks. This study investigates the conditions that shape the robust structure of exportation ecosystems. The effective exportation topology structure will thus have a capacity of absorbing and withstanding disruptive economic events triggered by the exportation. Each country has a different strategic approach to combat the risks that may arise when subjected to the perturbation. This study raised the question of why are some economies in the G20 nations much better in resilience than others during a crisis. The results show that the robust topology network of exportation and the performance of small and medium sectors enhance the exportation resilience in the G20 ecosystem. This study's results-based implications will help strengthen the system's resilience against local and global disruptions.
Keywords: small and medium enterprise, ecosystem resilience, innovation, Lotka-Volterra, Dynamic Mode Decomposition, exportation resilience.
Title: How SMEs Performance Drives the Exportation Ecosystem Resilience
Author: ABOUBAKER ALI ELMI
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023
Page No: 202-208
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 14-September-2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8344184
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/how-smes-performance-drives-the-exportation-ecosystem-resilience-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.co
Validity and reliability of the persian practice environment scale of nursing work index
No full textBackground: The practice environment pivotal role in patients and nurses better outcomes is evident. Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) is widely utilized to assess nursing work environments. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of PES-NWI. Materials and Methods: The instrument was translated and its psychometrics were investigated by content, construct validity (factor analysis), and homogeneity (internal consistency and intraclass correlation) on a sample of 350 nurses at educational hospitals in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Results: The 30 items loaded onto 4 factors explained 34.95–50.06% of the variance. The items across the factors differed slightly from those reported by the original author of the PES-NWI. Cronbach's alpha and Pearson coefficient for the entire instrument and also for extracted factors was 0.70–0.96. Conclusions: The Persian version of PES-NWI has an appropriate level of validity and reliability in the Iranian setting for nurses. The subscale of Nursing Foundations for quality care needs modification
Pengertian dan proses administrasi ketatausahaan sekolah
No full textThis article aims to describe how education administration should run in general. This article was prepared using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which begins with gathering study materials on the basic concepts of educational administration (understanding of educational administration, the importance of educational administration and the purpose of education administration), educational administration processes and the scope of educational administration. The material is in the form of books, articles, journals and various other sources. After the study material is collected, then the material is examined and studied in depth by the author, then the author concludes a new knowledge of the results of the analysis of the study material
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