31 research outputs found
Disclosure of violence against women and girls in Senegal
No full textMeasures of violence against women and girls (VAWG) are widely collected in surveys, yet estimates are acknowledged to be lower-bounds of the true prevalence. Disclosure may be affected by numerous factors, including shame and stigma, fear of retaliation, distrust of interviewers or desire to keep the perpetrator's identity confidential. We conduct a survey experiment randomly assigning approximately 3,400 women and girls aged 15 to 35 to either face-to-face interviews or audio computer-assisted self interviews (ACASI). Results show participants in the ACASI group report higher prevalence of lifetime intimate partner violence by 4 to 7 percentage points compared to face-to-face interviews. Differences in reporting for non-partner VAWG are even larger, ranging from 6 to 12 percentage points for physical violence and sexual harassment, respectively. We test for correlates of characteristics which might lead toincreased disclosure, however, we find few notable patterns. Our results suggest that ACASI surveys are a promising way to encourage disclosure, but acknowledge trade-offs that include limits in the complexity of questions that can be asked and higher time costs associated with development and implementation of surveys.Non-PRIFPRI1; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; G Cross-cutting gender theme; DCA; CRP2Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Gender Platfor
C’est la vie!: Mixed impacts of an edutainment television series in West Africa
No full textEdutainment shows promise in changing behavior at scale, yet little is known about how to maximize impacts. We undertake an experimental evaluation of a popular television series, C’est la vie!, delivered through film clubs in rural Senegal, on violence against women and girls, and sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. We find C’est la vie! improved knowledge three months after film clubs ended, as well as violence-related attitudes nine months later, however, find no impacts on behaviors. We investigate design components intended to strengthen impacts, generally finding no additional impacts from post-screening discussions, engaging men, and podcasts.Non-PRIFPRI1; DCA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; G Cross-cutting gender themeNutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition PolicyCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
A community edutainment intervention for gender-based violence, sexual and reproductive health, and maternal and child health in rural Senegal: A process evaluation
No full textBackground: Edutainment aims to spread educational messages in an entertaining way, and often reaches large audiences. While studies increasingly report the impacts of edutainment interventions, there is limited context-specific evidence on the underlying processes and barriers to effective delivery, especially in rural areas. This article presents results from a process evaluation of a community-based edutainment intervention designed to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices on gender-based violence (GBV), sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and maternal and child health. The intervention focused on the television series, C’est la Vie!, screened through biweekly film clubs in rural Senegal and included post-screening discussions and thematic workshops, meant to reinforce messages, increase knowledge, and change social norms. The objectives of this study were to assess intervention adaptation, implementation fidelity, participants’ responsiveness or engagement, and series appropriateness.
Methods: The intervention was implemented from December 2019 to March 2020 in 120 villages in Kaolack and Kolda regions of Senegal, and targeted adolescent girls and young women aged 14 to 34. The process evaluation was carried out in March 2020 in 14 villages using: i) individual semi-structured interviews with implementers (n = 3), village chiefs (n = 8), married women (n = 9), adolescent girls (n = 8), and men (n = 8); ii) focus groups with men (n = 7, 29 participants) and women (n = 10, 100 participants); and iii) observations of screening sessions (n = 4) and post-screening discussions (n = 2). Data were analyzed using thematic and content analysis.
Results: The results highlight that adaptation of the intervention helped reach the target population and improved participant attendance, but might have compromised fidelity to original design, as intervention components were shortened and modified for rural delivery and some facilitators made ad hoc modifications. The screenings coverage and frequency were adequate; however, their duration was shortened due to COVID-19 restrictions in Senegal. Participant responsiveness was excellent, as was the series appropriateness for most topics, including GBV. SRH remains a sensitive topic for youth, especially when the film clubs included non-peers, such as slightly older women.
Conclusions: This study showed that using film clubs to deliver sensitive edutainment content in rural areas is feasible and has potential for scale-up.PRIFPRI3; ISI; DCA; CRP2; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity StrengtheningPHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
A new species of Cucullanus (Nematoda: Cucullaninae, Cucullanidae) from Mugil curema (Mugilidae) in Senegal (West Africa)
No full textThe presence of Cucullanid nematodes was investigated in 10 individuals of Mugil bananensis, 115 Mugil cephalus, 109 Mugil curema, 89 Liza dumerili, 37 Liza falcipinnis, and 40 Liza grandisquamis, all collected from the Saloum estuary in Senegal, West Africa. Cucullanids were found only in intestines removed from M. curema and were identified using light microscopy. The results showed that 13 individuals of Mugil curema were found to be parasitized by 22 adult nematodes of a species new to science, Cucullanus djilorensis n. sp. (prevalence 11.9%, intensity 1.7). This species differs from all other species of the genus Cucullanus by a number of features including the form of the esophagus, the number and distribution of caudal papillae, the position of the excretory pore, and the length of the spicules. Cucullanus djilorensis n. sp. is the first species of the genus described from an estuarine fish in West Africa
Reproductive cycle of Tagelus adansonii in the Joal-Fadiouth lagoon, Senegal
Full text linkVery little is known about the reproductive biology of burrowing bivalve species found along the Senegalese coast, despite their cultural and economic importance for the local population. Knowledge of the reproductive cycle of these bivalve mollusks is very important not only for the management of this resource in the natural environment, but also for the development of bivalve mollusk farming. Tagelus adansonii is a bivalve mollusk widely distributed in the mangrove ecosystems of the West African coast. In this study, 360 individuals were sampled from the Joal-Fadiouth lagoon in Senegal over a twelve-month period. Histological sections from these samples showed that T. adansonii is a gonochoric species, with only one case of hermaphroditism detected. The reproduction of T. adansonii in the lagoon was continuous. The maturation and spawning stages were maximal (80%) in July and August, while the early gametogenesis stage was maximal in May. The high gamete emission seems to be favored by lower salinity and higher temperature
Calculating the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) using Stata
No full textThe Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is a standardized, survey-based tool that has been widely used to track gender equality and measure empowerment, agency, and women’s inclusion in the agricultural sector (Alkire et al., 2013, World Development 52: 71–91). Since the WEAI’s release in 2012, an abbreviated version of the WEAI (A-WEAI) and a project-level version of the WEAI (pro-WEAI) have been developed (Malapit et al., 2017, The abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index [A-WEAI]; Malapit et al., 2019, Development of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index [pro-WEAI]). In this article, we review the shared methodology that underlies all members of the WEAI family of indices and introduce a command, weai, that can be used for index calculation. We describe the command and its options and provide empirical examples using publicly available data from the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2
Study of some ecological parameters in nematode parasites of freshwater fish in the Senegal and Gambia rivers
No full textThis study was conducted in the rivers of Senegal and the Gambia over three consecutive years, during both dry and wet periods. A total of 1216 fish were sampled during this period, with 551 from Gambia and 665 from Senegal. The fish were classified into 29 species. Chrysichthys maurus Valenciennes, 1840 is the host fish with the broadest spectrum of parasites, with Procamallanus and Contracaecum being the most common genera of nematodes. Chrysichthys maurus Valenciennes, 1840, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822, Synodontis annectens Boulenger, 1911, and Synodontis nigrita Cuvier et Valenciennes, 1840 exhibit the highest biodiversity indices, which vary depending on the seasons and sex of the fish. The overall prevalence of fish parasites varies by locality and sex. Only Citharinus citharus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 shows significant differences in weight and size, with respective values of 6.3e-08 and 0.01653.PublishedReferee
L'enseignement du changement climatique dans le programme de Géographie des collèges au Sénégal : Pratiques pédagogiques, défis et perspectives
Full text linkLe changement climatique est l’une des problématiques majeures de ce 21e siècle. Pour faire face à ce fléau afin de satisfaire les besoins actuels et préparer les générations futures, l’éducation au changement climatique constitue l’un des moyens les plus importants. Elle contribue à la formation des acteurs de développement de demain. Le Sénégal, à l’image des pays de la bande Saharo-sahélienne est très vulnérable au changement climatique. Conscient de cette situation, le législateur sénégalais a très tôt pris en compte la question climatique et l’a intégré dans le programme officiel de géographie au Moyen depuis octobre 2006. Cet article vise à analyser l'efficacité de l'enseignement du changement climatique dans le programme de Géographie des collèges au Sénégal, en mettant l'accent sur les pratiques pédagogiques, les défis rencontrés et les perspectives d'amélioration. Des enquêtes sont menées auprès de professeurs d’Histoire-Géographie qui tiennent des classes de 3e. Les résultats révèlent que les thèmes enseignés sont les causes et conséquences du changement climatique, les stratégies d’adaptation et les solutions locales. La méthode active est celle la plus utilisée (71,7%). Nombreux sont les défis à relever notamment le manque de formation spécifique (54,3%), de ressources pédagogiques (87%). Des recommandations sont formulées par les professeurs pour plus d’efficacité de l’enseignement du changement climatique. La prise en compte de celles-ci, peut permettre aux décideurs politiques de mieux orienter le système éducatif afin de former des acteurs prêts à relever les défis liés au changement climatique
Can agricultural development projects empower women? A synthesis of mixed methods evaluations using pro-WEAI in the gender, agriculture, and assets project (phase 2) portfolio
No full textAgricultural development projects increasingly include women’s empowerment and gender equality among their objectives, but efforts to evaluate their impact have been stymied by the lack of comparable measures. Moreover, the context-specificity of empowerment implies that a quantitative measure alone will be inadequate to capture the nuances of the empowerment process. The Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2), a portfolio of 13 agricultural development projects in nine countries in South Asia and Africa, developed the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) and qualitative protocols for impact evaluations. Pro-WEAI covers three major types of agencies: instrumental, intrinsic, and collective. This paper synthesizes the results of 11 mixed-methods evaluations to assess these projects’ empowerment impacts. The projects implemented the pro-WEAI and its associated qualitative protocols in their impact evaluations. Our synthesis finds mixed, and mostly null impacts on aggregate indicators of women’s empowerment, with positive impacts more likely in the South Asian, rather than African, cases. There were more significant impacts on instrumental agency indicators and collective agency indicators, reflecting the group-based approaches used. We found few significant impacts on intrinsic agency indicators, except for those projects that intentionally addressed gender norms. Quantitative analysis does not show an association between the types of strategies that projects implemented and their impacts, except for capacity building strategies. This finding reveals the limitations of quantitative analysis, given the small number of projects involved. The qualitative studies provide more nuance and insight: some base level of empowerment and forms of agency may be necessary for women to participate in project activities, to benefit or further increase their empowerment. Our results highlight the need for projects to focus specifically on empowerment, rather than assume that projects aiming to reach and benefit women automatically empower them. Our study also shows the value of both a common metric to compare empowerment impacts across projects and contexts and qualitative work to understand and contextualize these impacts.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; CRP4; GAAP; Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index; DCA; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL); PRSSPPHND; EPTD; PIM; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
Ciclo reproductivo de Tagelus adansonii en la laguna de Joal-Fadiouth, Senegal
Full text linkVery little is known about the reproductive biology of burrowing bivalve species found along the Senegalese coast, despite their cultural and economic importance for the local population. Knowledge of the reproductive cycle of these bivalve mollusks is very important not only for the management of this resource in the natural environment, but also for the development of bivalve mollusk farming. Tagelus adansonii is a bivalve mollusk widely distributed in the mangrove ecosystems of the West African coast. In this study, 360 individuals were sampled from the Joal-Fadiouth lagoon in Senegal over a twelve-month period. Histological sections from these samples showed that T. adansonii is a gonochoric species, with only one case of hermaphroditism detected. The reproduction of T. adansonii in the lagoon was continuous. The maturation and spawning stages were maximal (80%) in July and August, while the early gametogenesis stage was maximal in May. The high gamete emission seems to be favored by lower salinity and higher temperature.A pesar de su importancia cultural y económica para la población local, se sabe muy poco sobre la biología reproductiva de las especies de bivalvos excavadores que se encuentran a lo largo de la costa senegalesa. El conocimiento del ciclo reproductivo de estos moluscos bivalvos es muy importante no solo para la gestión de este recurso en el entorno natural, sino también para el desarrollo del cultivo de moluscos bivalvos. Tagelus adansonii es un molusco bivalvo ampliamente distribuido en los ecosistemas de manglares de la costa occidental africana. En este estudio, se muestrearon 360 individuos de la laguna de Joal-Fadiouth en Senegal durante un período de doce meses. Las secciones histológicas de estas muestras indicaron que T. adansonii es una especie gonocórica, con solo un caso de hermafroditismo detectado. La reproducción de T. adansonii en la laguna fue continua. Las etapas de maduración y desove fueron máximas (80%) en julio y agosto, mientras que la etapa de gametogénesis temprana fue máxima en mayo. La alta emisión de gametos parece ser favorecida por una menor salinidad y una temperatura más alta
