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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pengaruh Suplementasi Asam Glutamat dalam Pakan terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Patin Pangasius hypophthalmus pada Media Pemeliharaan Amonia yang Berbeda
No full textIkan patin di Indonesia banyak dibudidayakan di kolam tadah hujan dan
jarang dilakukan penggantian air selama masa budidaya sehingga menyebabkan
tingginya akumulasi amonia dalam perairan. Hal ini diduga menyebabkan
kebutuhan asam glutamat sebagai pengikat amonia dalam tubuh meningkat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi suplementasi asam glutamat pada
pakan ikan patin terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada kondisi media pemeliharaan
dengan kadar amonia tinggi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat
perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan ini terdiri dari dua level total ammonia
nitrogen (TAN) yaitu konsentrasi A17 (17.24 ± 1.57 mg L-1) dan A120 (120.29 ±
3.37 mg L-1), dan dua level asam glutamat GLU0 dan GLU1.5 (0% dan 1.5%).
Ikan patin diberi makan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Ikan patin yang
digunakan bobot 5,87±0,03 g per-individu yang diaklimasi selama 10 hari dan
ditebar dengan kepadatan 30 ekor per-akuarium pada ukuran 40x50x50 cm3.
Pemeliharaan dilakukan dengan sistem resirkulasi dengan range pH, suhu dan DO
adalah 7.5-7.8, 29.5-30 oC dan 3.8-4.3 ppm. Penambahan amonium klorida
(NH4Cl) untuk mendapatkan dosis amonia perlakuan, serta menambahkan sodium
bikarbonat (NaHCO3) untuk menstabilkan pH air. Ikan patin dipelihara selama 60
hari. Parameter penelitian yang diamati meliputi parameter kinerja pertumbuhan
(jumlah konsumsi pakan, bobot ikan akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian, rasio
efisiensi protein, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan) dan parameter kimia tubuh
(akumulasi amonia dalam plasma dan hati, aktivitas enzim aspartate
aminotransaminase (AST) dan alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) plasma,
akumulasi glutamin di hati dan aktivitas enzim protease usus).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada kondisi A17 menunjukkan bahwa
suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah
konsumsi pakan pada ikan patin, sehingga tidak mempengaruhi bobot individu
akhir dan laju pertumbuhan harian. Disisi lain suplementasi asam glutamat ini
dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa rusaknya lamela insang pada ikan
patin berupa adanya pengangkatan (lifting) dan hiperplasia. Hal ini diduga terkait
peningkatan peranan insang dalam mensekresikan amonia hasil metabolisme,
melalui deaminasi atau oksidasi asam glutamat. Pernyataan tersebut juga
didukung dari hasil pengujian nilai rasio efisiensi protein pada penelitian ini yang
menurun (2.36±0.11), sehingga meningkatkan nilai rasio konversi pakan
(1.25±0.08). Selain itu, suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% tidak mempengaruhi
penurunan kadar amonia plasma (11.48±3.06) dan hati (13.33±0). Hal ini diduga
terkait rendahnya peranan asam glutamat dalam mengikat amonia hati pada
kondisi A17. Hal ini didukung dengan hasil pengujian enzim protease yang
memiliki nilai hampir sama dengan perlakuan tanpa suplementasi asam glutamat
(4.09±1.64 dan 3.97±0.97).
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan ikan patin yang dipelihara pada kondisi
amonia lebih tinggi (A120) menunjukkan kerusakan pada insang, tetapi dengan
suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% dapat menurunkan tingkat kerusakan insang.
Namun ikan patin memiliki swimbladder sebagai organ respiratori tambahan.
Karakteristik tersebut berpeluang pada A120 tidak mempengaruhi proses
metabolisme tubuh. Pemeliharan ikan patin pada kondisi A120 dengan
suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah
konsumsi pakan (31.83±3.46). Hal ini didukung dengan meningkatnya tingkat
kelangsungan hidup (96.67±3.33) dan biomassa akhir ikan patin (1024.35±27.78).
Disisi lain semakin tingginya amonia di lingkungan menyebabkan semakin
meningkatnya amonia dalam plasma dan hati. Hasil pengujian aktivitas enzim
transaminase menunjukkan bahwa seiring meningkatnya amonia dalam perairan
maka semakin meningkat pula aktivitas enzim transaminase dalam plasma
terutama enzim ALT, tetapi aktivitas enzim AST tidak menunjukkan perbedaan
yang signifikan antar perlakuan. Peningkatan sintesa asam glutamat merupakan
proses detoksifikasi endogenous amonia, yang berperan dalam mengikat amonia
di dalam tubuh dan diubah menjadi glutamin.
Hal ini selaras dengan hasil pengujian amonia tubuh, suplementasi asam
glutamat 1.5% dapat menurunkan kadar amonia plasma berkisar 39% pada
kondisi A120, namun tidak dapat menurunkan nilai amonia di hati. Hal ini
didukung juga dengan aktivitas enzim protease pada usus ikan patin (A120) yang
meningkat (4.61±0.03), sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa asupan asam glutamat
melalui pakan dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan mampu menekan efek
toksik dari amonia yang tinggi dan ikan dapat bertahan hidup lebih baik dengan
nilai tingkat kelulushidupan 96.67±3.33%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian kadar
gutamin di hati, tidak terdapat nilai yang berbeda antar perlakuan masing-masing
23.49±1.10, 21.94±1.53, 21.53±0.93 dan 20.23±2.21. Hal ini mengindikasikan
bahwa pemeliharaan pada kondisi A17 dan A120 tidak mempengaruhi sintesa
glutamin di hati. Sintesa glutamin dari reaksi glutamat dengan amonia, memiliki
peranan utama dalam menjaga keseimbangan nitrogen tubuh. Sehingga dapat
disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% pada amonia 17.24±1.57
mg L-1 dapat menyebabkan kerusakan insang (lifting lamela dan hiperplasia),
meningkatkan rasio konversi pakan dan menurunkan rasio efisiensi protein.
Sementara itu suplementasi asam glutamat 1.5% pada amonia 120.29±3.37 mg L-1
dapat meningkatkan biomasa akhir dan tingkat kelulushidupan ikan patin
(Pangasius hypophthalmus)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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