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Urban Growth Modelling for a City Built from Scratch-Case Study of the New Indonesian Capital
No full textAcross the world, processes of capital relocations can be witnessed even in recent history. However, the relocation of the Indonesian capital to East Kalimantan clearly sets itself apart: due to massive environmental impacts, driven by sea level rise and simultaneous subsidence of urban areas, the current capital Jakarta is exposed to increasingly challenging issues. Thus, the capital’s relocation to the more secure environments of the island of Borneo is of particular importance for the consideration of future climate-induced migration processes and can additionally be considered a model in various respects. This work is primarily concerned with the question of the effects on the local environment that a large-scale project of this kind can have on land cover. We designed population development scenarios based on past examples of capital city relocations, which we subsequently fed into an urban growth model with additional nature conservation scenarios. The FUTURES tool from Grass GIS enabled the estimation of urbanisation and its impact on local land resources based on these different scenarios. This gives us information about land changes and related impacts on the environment and its natural resources. It is clearly shown that strict nature conservation laws are of great importance to minimise land grabbing of natural areas even in the case of a rapid rise in population, and that especially in the event of an explosive increase in the number of inhabitants, a compact building style will be important in order not to have to take up surrounding land outside of the designated area. The many already human-altered sites offer plenty of space for the sustainable development of Ibu Kota Negara. Nevertheless, the strategies from this chapter are essential if the new capital city wants to be truly innovative and not only protect but also promote ecologically valuable areas. The results of this work should therefore serve as a decision-making support for responsible planners and can, in addition, be used as a basis for planning for future resettlement projects, especially in view of climate-induced migration and urbanisation processes.</p
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Abschlussbericht zum Projekt Forestfisher - Prioritätsbereiche für den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung der Interaktionen zwischen Amazonaswäldern und fruchtfressenden Fischen sowie der damit verbundenen Fischereien
No full textDas Amazonasbecken ist das größte und artenreichste Einzugsgebiet der Erde. Die Abholzung der tropischen Regenwälder des Amazonasgebiets zugunsten von Acker- und Weideland hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten dramatisch zugenommen, ebenso wie die Veränderungen der Klimaparameter, die zu einer Häufung extremer hydrologischer Ereignisse und Dürren geführt haben. Diese Veränderungen, verbunden mit der physischen Fragmentierung der Flüsse, beeinträchtigen die Verbreitungsmuster, den Nachwuchs und die Produktivität von Süßwasserfischarten und schränken damit die Lebensgrundlagen der Fischergemeinden ein. Unter den Fischen des Amazonas spielen diejenigen mit fruchtfressenden Gewohnheiten eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erhaltung der Waldvielfalt als Samenverbreiter und sind eine wichtige Nahrungs- und Einkommensquelle für die traditionelle lokale Bevölkerung. Die zunehmende Abholzung, insbesondere in Ufergebieten, bedroht diese grundlegende Wechselwirkung zwischen Pflanzen und Tieren, die für die Erhaltung der biologischen und funktionalen Vielfalt von Pflanzengemeinschaften und Ökosystemen in Flüssen der Tiefebene von Bedeutung ist. Da traditionelle Flussgemeinden zahlreiche fruchtfressende Fischarten fangen und die kommerzielle Fischerei unterstützen, sind erhebliche sozioökonomische Auswirkungen zu erwarten. ForestFisher zielt darauf ab, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wald und Fisch im Rahmen der Planung neuer Schutzgebiete, der Verwaltung bestehender Naturschutznetzwerke und der Konzeption von Wiederherstellungsprogrammen im Amazonasbecken zu integrieren
INSPIRE obscured by clouds of inter-organizational cooperation with geoICT?
Get PDFThe INSPIRE Directive, a European Union Directive to promote change in the use and re-use of geospatial information in all European member states, is indirectly and implicitly assuming new forms of cooperation between public authorities, and assuming non-problematic networking and cooperation between public authorities. Empirical evidence from public administration science is however showing that cooperation is a frequently researched and loaded term and that changing existing forms, or introducing new forms of public sector cooperation, has often proven to be problematic. This article investigates for three cases in the Netherlands how political-organizational motives may play a role in the cooperation with geographic information and communication technology (geoICT). In the analysis, the assumption is that individual organizations operate in a dynamic arena of interests and influences, which have an impact in decisions and behaviour within the cooperation. The analysis itself applies an analytical approach, whereby for each case a selected set of political-organizational notions are compared. These notions include: authority, interest, command, control and coordination. The cases chosen are different in the degree to which INSPIRE objectives play a direct role, or a less direct role. The data was collected through qualitative research techniques. The investigation shows that the political-organizational context in which INSPIRE needs to be adopted has a direct impact on the degree of its acceptance. Common in the cases is the increase of operational agreements, which trigger an increase of alternative structures. These alternatives are legitimized by other policies and directives. The consequence for INSPIRE implementation is that if these political-organizational motives are not taken into account appropriately, the unintended and often hidden counter-effects may hamper the overall implementation of the INSPIRE Directive. A possible next phase of the research would need to validate the results by investigating the cases more longitudinally, and by comparing with other cases, both in the Netherlands and Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influences of Community Land Rights and Tenure Security Intervention Processes on Food Security in Northwest Ghana
Get PDFGlobal efforts to promote food security are yielding positive results albeit more slowly than desired. Several researchers found that land tenure security enhances farming, but there is little research to show that tenure security of subsistence farmers can contribute to food security. This chapter investigated local processes of addressing land rights and tenure challenges of subsistence farmers which affect food security in northwestern Ghana. The qualitative case study approach was used, with focus group discussions, key informant interviews, institutional interviews, and satellite image interpretation. The results established strong links between enhancements in land relations and food security outcomes and contributes to discourses on responsible land management aimed at designing appropriate interventions into the future
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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