1,721,025 research outputs found
Simultaneous interpreting: A cognitive perspective.
No full textSimultaneous interpreting (SI) is one of the most complex language tasks imaginable. During SI, one has to listen to and comprehend the input utterance in one language, keep it in working memory until it has been receded and can be produced in the other language, and produce the translation of an earlier part of the input, all of this at the same time. Thus, language comprehension and production take place simultaneously in different languages. In this chapter, we discuss SI from a cognitive perspective. The unique characteristics of this task and comparisons with other, similar, tasks illustrate the demanding nature of SI. Several factors influence SI performance, including the listening conditions and the language combination involved. We discuss some processing aspects of SI, such as the control of languages and language receding. We ask whether experience in interpreting is related to some special capabilities and discuss possible cognitive subskills of SI, such as exceptional memory skills. Finally, we discuss the implications of SI for theories of language production
Computational models of bilingual comprehension
No full textThis chapter reviews current computational models of bilingual word recognition. It begins with a discussion of the role of computational modeling in advancing psychological theories, highlighting the way in which the choice of modeling paradigm can influence the type of empirical phenomena to which the model is applied. The chapter then introduces two principal types of connectionist model that have been employed in the bilingual domain, localist and distributed architectures. Two main sections then assess each of these approaches. Localist models are predominantly addressed towards explaining the processing structures in the adult bilingual. Here we evaluate several models including BIA, BIMOLA, and SOPHIA. Distributed models are predominantly addressed towards explaining issues of language acquisition and language loss. This section includes discussion of BSN, BSRN, and SOMBIP. Overall, the aim of current computational models is to account for the circumstances under which the bilingual’s two languages appear to interfere with each other during recognition (for better or worse) and those circumstances under which the languages appear to operate independently. Based on the range of models available in the unilingual literature, our conclusion is that computational models have great potential in advancing our understanding of the principal issues in bilingualism, but that thus far only a few of these models have seen extension to the bilingual domain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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