26 research outputs found
Movimento das Mulheres Camponesas e a semeadura de novas perspectivas: os significados da (re)produção de sementes crioulas para as mulheres no oeste catarinense
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2009.Esta dissertação de mestrado trata das razões que motivam as mulheres organizadas no Movimento das Mulheres Camponesas a buscarem o cultivo de sementes crioulas visando à produção de alimentos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise centrada nas práticas e percepções destas mulheres no que se refere à (re)produção e multiplicação de sementes crioulas e sua possível contribuição para a produção de alimentos para o autoconsumo de forma sustentável no município de Itá, região oeste de Santa Catarina. Com o apoio das ferramentas da pesquisa qualitativa, buscou-se interpretar as visões de mundo das mulheres do movimento associando-as às literaturas de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Utilizou-se como técnica para a coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas e a observação não participante; já a análise das informações coletadas foi feita através da "análise de conteúdo". Dentre as principais constatações, destaca-se o fato das mulheres perceberem a importância do MMC para impulsionar a participação nos espaços públicos e a valorização das suas atividades cotidianas. Na horta as mulheres do movimento cultivam as variedades crioulas que simbolizam as lutas pela soberania alimentar integrando a produção de alimentos mais saudáveis com a valorização do papel da mulher nos âmbitos familiar e social.This master´s dissertation regards the reasons that motivate the women of the Farm Women Group (Movimento das Mulheres Camponesas - MMC) to produce food by cultivation of creole seeds. For that an analysis was done to know the women´s practices and perceptions about the production and multiplication of the creole seeds and its possible contribution to the food production in sustainable way on Itá town in the west of Santa Catarina. Using some researching tools it attempted to understand the world´s view of the women in the group linking them with the different knowledge fields. As a technique to gather data, was used the semi - structured interview and the observation without participation; to analyze the gathered information a "content analysis" was performed. One of the most important facts is how the women realize the purpose of the MMC to push their participation on the public spaces and to value their daily activities. The work in the farm is a typical female activity and the cultivation of the creole seeds is a symbol to the struggle for the feed independency with the production of healthy food and the women´s valorization of the family and social fields
Diversidade de variedades de milho comum conservadas In situ - On farm no município de Novo Horizonte - SC
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Florianópolis, 2013.A ameaça constante da perda de Variedades Crioulas e locais de milho comum está associada a contaminação proveniente de milho geneticamente modificado GM, sendo fundamental a conservação in situ dos recursos locais, para sistemas de agricultura orgânica e produção de sementes. Desta forma a aplicação de diagnóstico da agrobiodiversidade do milho comum nas propriedades rurais do município de Novo Horizonte está entre as estratégias de um projeto de pesquisa aprovado e financiado pelo Edital CNPq 582010, na qual faz parte a presente dissertação que neste contexto tem como objetivo gerar subsídios para a elaboração de um plano de conservação in situ ? on farm e ex situ, visando a elaboração de um plano integrado de conservação ex situ e in situ-on farm. Onde a aplicação da pesquisa identificou o mapa da diversidade do milho comum nas comunidades do município considerando a distribuição fundiária, a distribuição no município do milho transgênico, o índice de diversidade, o valor de uso, o tempo de uso do milho crioulo, alem da identificação das variedades de milho comum raros, únicos ou em risco. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa realizada e amparado pelo alto índice de diversidade há necessidade de estabelecer um plano de conservação das variedades crioulas do milho comum através dos programas de ações da Rede Ascooper e do NEABio. Abstract : The constant loss of landrace and local corn seeds is associated to contamination with genetically modified corn (GM corn). Therefore, it is essential an in situ preservation of local resources for the agricultural organic systems and seed production. Thus, an assessment of corn agrobiodiversity in Novo Horizonte city (Santa Catarina State, Brazil) is among the strategies of a research project supported by CNPq sponsor (Proposal 582010) in which this dissertation is attached. The objective of this study is to subsidize the preparation of in situ conservation plan ? on farm and ex situ. It was identified a diversity map of corn in the communities of the city considering the land distribution, the GM corn distribution, the diversity index, the use value, the usage period of indigenous seed and corn varieties identification (common, unique or in risk). Based on these results and supported by the high diversity index it is necessary to set a conservation plan of the indigenous corn varieties though programmatic action programs of Ascooper and NEABio organizations
General introduction
No full textThe Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) defined in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity as being the conservation of domesticated and cultivated species in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties (CBD, 1992a). Defining in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity was the first step, but the major challenge over the past two decades has been its translation into conservation practices that fit in the context of the livelihoods of small-scale, and often poor, farmers (Jarvis et al., 2011). How to implement in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity onfarm has been much debated. It became gradually clear that the flexible nature of farmers’ management and utilization of crops and local varieties did not match the perspective of conservationists in their design of in situ conservation on-farm (Hardon and De Boef, 1993). Part of the problem was that the various organizations involved with agrobiodiversity conservation had contrasting objectives with regards to the implementation of this conservation strategy (De Boef, 2000). Those organizations dedicated to the conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR) focused on supporting farming communities to continue to use local varieties. Activist nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) aimed to contribute to the empowerment of farming communities to exercise their (farmers’) rights, for example, by addressing their access to and control over local PGR. Development organizations (NGOs) incorporated conservation strategies in their efforts to contribute to sustainable livelihoods
Relações dos sistemas informais de conhecimento no manejo da agrobiodiversidade no oeste de Santa Catarina
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos VegetaisO presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os sistemas de conhecimento formal e informal envolvidos no manejo e conservação da agrobiodiversidade no oeste de Santa Catarina. Fez-se necessário entender a construção dos processos de experimentação praticados por agricultores familiares, bem como avaliar os diferentes níveis de interação existentes entre os sistemas de conhecimento destes agricultores (informal) e dos pesquisadores (formal). Partindo desta compreensão, também se objetivou a proposição de estratégias metodológicas complementares de conservação e desenvolvimento participativo das variedades, e ainda, de políticas públicas de pesquisa e extensão rural voltadas à conservação da agrobiodiversidade. A pesquisa foi realizada nos municípios de Anchieta e Guaraciaba. No primeiro, pela existência há vários anos de um programa participativo de apoio ao manejo e conservação da agrobiodiversidade estruturado com o uso de metodologias formais. No segundo, por não possuir uma política prévia de apoio à agrobiodiversidade local e nem articulação com o sistema formal de pesquisa. Nesta diferença, detectada a priori, residia o pressuposto de que o sistema local de manejo da agrobiodiversidade de cada um destes municípios teria características marcantes diferentes, apesar das similaridades socioeconômicas e ambientais. Utilizou-se quatro componentes de pesquisa: diagnóstico participativo do sistema de conhecimento informal de sete famílias de agricultores (três de Guaraciaba e quatro de Anchieta) em relação às espécies milho feijão, arroz e batata-doce; estudo do processo de avaliação de variedades locais de milho por parte de sete grupos de agricultores (três de Guaraciaba e quatro de Anchieta); estudo de uma dinâmica de priorização de características de seleção de milho; e, avaliação de 62 famílias meio-irmãos da variedade local de milho MPA 01 por parte de agricultores de Anchieta, de Guaraciaba e pesquisadores do Núcleo de Estudos em Agrobiodiversidade da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Os resultados revelaram que os agricultores participantes da pesquisa conservam, dinamicamente, considerável estoque de diversidade, sendo que para tanto, utilizam estratégias locais informais, muitas vezes complementadas por conhecimentos formais comunitariamente crioulizados. No caso de Anchieta, o impacto causado pelas políticas de apoio foi significativo no aumento e revalorização da agrobiodiversidade. A experimentação e o intercâmbio de conhecimentos são freqüentes nas famílias e nos sistemas informais, sendo que em relação a cada espécie e à cada família de agricultores são observados alguns aspectos particulares. Detectou-se compatibilidade entre a avaliação visual de famílias de meio-irmãos realizadas pelos agricultores e aquela feita pelos pesquisadores do NEABio dentro da metodologia científica. Isto poderá imprimir mais efetividade aos processos de pesquisa participativa, bem como aproximar as diferentes estratégias que visem o uso sustentável e a conservação da agrobiodiversidade
New professionalism and governance in plant genetic resource management
No full textMost countries in the world have developed their own national plant genetic resource programmes (NPGRPs). Even though they usually intend to take a complementary approach to conservation, their emphasis is and remains on ex situ conservation. In the introduction to this book Thijssen et al. (Chapter 1.1) indicate that the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992a) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA, 2001) identified in situ conservation through on-farm management as one of the strategies. NPGRPs, however, lag behind in implementing this strategy (FAO, 2010). With this book, we have compiled a vast range of experiences on CBM and its practices, as implemented by conservation and development organizations or sometimes non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are not necessarily associated with their NPGRP. De Boef and Thijssen (Chapter 1.8), as well as a number of other authors, argue that the CBM methodology is instrumental for the implementation of on-farm management. NGOs and their development professionals are key drivers for promoting the CBM methodology. Consequently, on-farm management is implemented by organizations that are not necessarily recognized by, or associated with, the NPGRP. As such, CBM and its practices are not usually part of what constitutes the national framework governing the management of plant genetic resources (PGR), or the normal professionalism associated with those responsible for the conservation in NPGRPs
The community seed bank : A common driver for community biodiversity management
No full textIn the early 1990s, many development organizations began to support the establishment of community seed banks (CSBs) with the primary goal of enhancing food and seed security. The normal agricultural development paradigm assumed that all farmers, from subsistence to commercial, would eventually become clients of public and private seed systems, and the formal sectors would ensure their access to quality seed of improved varieties (Douglas, 1980; Frankel and Soulé, 1981). We now realize that this never actually happened. Small-scale farmers in Africa, Asia and Latin America, but also in Europe and North America, use farm-saved seed and rely to a large degree on the informal system for accessing new materials (Byerlee et al., 2007; Louwaars and De Boef, 2012)
Community biodiversity management : Defined and contextualized
No full textPlant genetic resources (PGR) can be defined as all plant materials that have an actual or potential value (IBPGR, 1991, p. 74). The reference to resources suggests an economic and political connotation. Agrobiodiversity is often approached as an ecological service rather than as a resource, owing to its broader and ecological association, and to its delineation within the three levels of biodiversity (i.e. system, species and genetic diversity). Based on Professor Harold Brookfield’s definition of agrodiversity (Brookfield, 2001), De Boef and Thijssen (Chapter 1.8) describe agrobiodiversity as ‘a dynamic and constantly changing patchwork of relations between people, plants, animals, other organisms and the environment, always coping with new problems, always finding new ways’. This description has major implications for defining the relationship between CBM and the on-farm management of agrobiodiversity as a conservation strategy
Pesquisas participativas: caminhos científicos diferentes para construção social de conhecimentos
Full text linkCommunity biodiversity management and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources
No full textDespite the fact that both the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) recognize the importance of the in situ conservation strategy, formal plant genetic resources (PGR) programmes have been slow to implement it. As indicated by Thijssen et al. (Chapter 1.1), those programmes face the dilemma of how to incorporate in situ conservation activities into their day-to-day work, or rather, following the terminology of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 1996), how to contribute to on-farm management. Few are purposely engaged in on-farm management. Dias et al. (Chapter 2.5) describe, for example, how public gene banks associated with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) promote the reintroduction of accessions to farming communities. Feyissa et al. (Chapter 1.4) outline how, since 1989, the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation in Ethiopia (then known as the Plant Genetic Resources Centre/Ethiopia) has been implementing activities for contributing to on-farm management by supporting the establishment of community seed banks. Other national and international PGR programmes have a strong association with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The agrobiodiversity project in Nepal, described by Subedi et al. (Chapter 1.2), was successful because of the partnerships it fostered between the NGO Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) and national (National Agricultural Research Council) and international (Bioversity International) PGR programmes. The PGR programme in Ecuador has developed a strong linkage with a community-based organization (CBO), as illustrated by Tapia and Carrera (Chapter 2.3). Following the reintroduction of gene bank accessions, the national programme supported the CBO through practices such as diversity fairs, diversity blocks and awareness-raising on agrobiodiversity in tourism and education. Kendall and Gras (Chapter 1.7 of) describe how the Maison de la Semence Paysanne of AgroBio Périgord accesses germplasm from the public gene bank in France, though the farmer management of these materials is further sustained through informal structures independent from the public conservation programme. Moreover, most public PGR programmes that contribute to on-farm management are either experimental (e.g. the agrobiodiversity project in Nepal), or depend on specific funding (most other examples). They ar
Rapid country assessment: Ethiopia: The impact of COVID-19 on the food system
No full textOver the past months, governments and their health agencies have been trying to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic with mobility restrictions and social-distancing measures. We value their efforts to protect people’s lives, health and livelihoods, as these measures contribute to a reduction in the likelihood of human mortality, severe health consequences and the spread of the disease, especially among vulnerable people and communities. However, these efforts have also resulted in challenges in the functioning of food systems in low- and middle-income countries. This rapid country assessment was set out to synthesise available secondary data in relation to the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and prioritise short-term challenges and actions required in Ethiopia. In this report we present the key impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the food system, the effects of the lockdown measures on the most vulnerable groups, gaps identified in the data analysed and in government responses to the crisis, and actions required to address short-term priorities and challenges. The initial findings were reviewed by several experts
