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Some Aspects of The Applied Linguistics Research In Generative Linguistics
No full textتطمح هذه المساهمة إلى تبيان بعض مظاهر البحث التطبيقي الذي توجّهه اهتمامات اللسانيات التوليدية، وهو بحث يصدق عليه وصف اللسانيات المُطبّقة (linguistic applied). أما اللسانيات التطبيقة (applied linguistic) فتتحدّد بمُخرجاتها التقنية والصناعية شأنها شأن الفيزياء والكيمياء التطبيقيتين. بالاستناد إلى هذا التمييز، تسعى الدراسة، من خلال استعراض النقاش العلمي الذي يهيمن في الأوساط العلمية حاليا، إلى توضيح كيفيات رسم فرْضية "الأساس الفطري للمعرفة اللغوية" خريطةا لبحثَ التجريبي الذي يرصد مظاهر النحوية بدراسته الميدانية لحالات موسومة (marked)؛ من ذلك، مثلا، أبحاث بيكِرتون D. Bickerton في إطار فرضيته المسمّاة: البرنامج الأحيائي (bioprogram) التي تبلورت في سياق الدراسة الميدانية-التجريبية لمسار تَحوُّل الرّطانات (pidgin) عبر الأجيال إلى لغات مزيج (creole) ذات بنية نحوية غنية. وقد ساعدت هذه الأبحاث الميدانية في فهم بنية لغة الإشارة المستعملة من قبل الصّمّ-البُكم من خلال دراسة حالة نيكارغوا وقدمت براهين تجريبية لفائدة أطروحة الفطرية. وغرضنا، من هذا، تحقيق غايتين، أولاهما تحديد محتوى معقول لما اصطلحنا على تسميته باللسانيات المُطبّقة. أمّا الغاية الثانية، وهي التي يُحقّقها القسم الثاني من هذه المقالة، فتتوخى عرض مناقشة تشومسكي لأعمال اللسانيات المطبّقة -التي تبنّت إمّا مُقاربة عُضوية للملكة اللغوية وإما مقاربة إيثولوجية (ethology)- في أفق دعوته إلى أهمية توحيد اللسانيات والعلوم المعرفية بالعلوم العصبية وعلم الأحياء.The present contribution aims at delimiting the scope of a field of inquiry known under the label of "applied linguistics", confining it to the realm of technical practices. Drawing on this fact, we have presented the findings of the empirical research that adheres to hypotheses of cognitive linguistics without accepting its speculative side imbued with inferential arguments. The objective is to substantiate innateness hypothesis building on positive non-inferential arguments. Such an objective is what a linguistic purview turned toward field and empiricism attempts to realize, without dismissing the theoretical heritage of generative linguistics.
We take this linguistics to be the representative of the new applied linguistics that pays little attention to speculations relating to the internal design of language (I-language). Building on the conducted scientific works, which were either premised on D. Bickerton's bio-program hypothesis or adopted the four perspectives of the ethological approach, we tried to highlight the salient features of an applicative linguistics that falls within cognitive sciences, adopting an experimentally established approach that aims at unfolding the positive arguments in order to validate the two theses: the innate nature of language faculty and universal grammar as a mental organ.
N. Chomky criticizes some aspects of those works, notably their position in favor of New Darwinism, stipulating that language is an adaptive feature of natural selection; he equally criticizes their simplistic comparatism that studies human language and animals’ codes of communication without taking into account the property of creativity unique to human language. Chomsky argues in favor of unifying cognitive sciences with neurosciences and biology. The hope of being able to inform solid propositions about the inextricable links existing between language, the mind and the brain is a distant horizon dependent on the said unification according to Chomsky
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Some Aspects of The Applied Linguistics Research In Generative Linguistics
No full textتطمح هذه المساهمة إلى تبيان بعض مظاهر البحث التطبيقي الذي توجّهه اهتمامات اللسانيات التوليدية، وهو بحث يصدق عليه وصف اللسانيات المُطبّقة (linguistic applied). أما اللسانيات التطبيقة (applied linguistic) فتتحدّد بمُخرجاتها التقنية والصناعية شأنها شأن الفيزياء والكيمياء التطبيقيتين. بالاستناد إلى هذا التمييز، تسعى الدراسة، من خلال استعراض النقاش العلمي الذي يهيمن في الأوساط العلمية حاليا، إلى توضيح كيفيات رسم فرْضية الأساس الفطري للمعرفة اللغوية خريطةا لبحثَ التجريبي الذي يرصد مظاهر النحوية بدراسته الميدانية لحالات موسومة (marked)؛ من ذلك، مثلا، أبحاث بيكِرتون D. Bickerton في إطار فرضيته المسمّاة: البرنامج الأحيائي (bioprogram) التي تبلورت في سياق الدراسة الميدانية-التجريبية لمسار تَحوُّل الرّطانات (pidgin) عبر الأجيال إلى لغات مزيج (creole) ذات بنية نحوية غنية. وقد ساعدت هذه الأبحاث الميدانية في فهم بنية لغة الإشارة المستعملة من قبل الصّمّ-البُكم من خلال دراسة حالة نيكارغوا وقدمت براهين تجريبية لفائدة أطروحة الفطرية. وغرضنا، من هذا، تحقيق غايتين، أولاهما تحديد محتوى معقول لما اصطلحنا على تسميته باللسانيات المُطبّقة. أمّا الغاية الثانية، وهي التي يُحقّقها القسم الثاني من هذه المقالة، فتتوخى عرض مناقشة تشومسكي لأعمال اللسانيات المطبّقة -التي تبنّت إمّا مُقاربة عُضوية للملكة اللغوية وإما مقاربة إيثولوجية (ethology)- في أفق دعوته إلى أهمية توحيد اللسانيات والعلوم المعرفية بالعلوم العصبية وعلم الأحياء.The present contribution aims at delimiting the scope of a field of inquiry known under the label of applied linguistics , confining it to the realm of technical practices. Drawing on this fact, we have presented the findings of the empirical research that adheres to hypotheses of cognitive linguistics without accepting its speculative side imbued with inferential arguments. The objective is to substantiate innateness hypothesis building on positive non-inferential arguments. Such an objective is what a linguistic purview turned toward field and empiricism attempts to realize, without dismissing the theoretical heritage of generative linguistics. We take this linguistics to be the representative of the new applied linguistics that pays little attention to speculations relating to the internal design of language (I-language). Building on the conducted scientific works, which were either premised on D. Bickerton's bio-program hypothesis or adopted the four perspectives of the ethological approach, we tried to highlight the salient features of an applicative linguistics that falls within cognitive sciences, adopting an experimentally established approach that aims at unfolding the positive arguments in order to validate the two theses: the innate nature of language faculty and universal grammar as a mental organ. N. Chomky criticizes some aspects of those works, notably their position in favor of New Darwinism, stipulating that language is an adaptive feature of natural selection; he equally criticizes their simplistic comparatism that studies human language and animals’ codes of communication without taking into account the property of creativity unique to human language. Chomsky argues in favor of unifying cognitive sciences with neurosciences and biology. The hope of being able to inform solid propositions about the inextricable links existing between language, the mind and the brain is a distant horizon dependent on the said unification according to Chomsky
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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