1,721,046 research outputs found
Candidate pathway analysis of surfactant proteins identifies CTSH and SFTA2 that influences lung cancer risk
No full textAbstract Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II cells in lung. We evaluated the associations between 200,139 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 40 surfactant-related genes and lung cancer risk using genotyped data from two independent lung cancer genome-wide association studies. Discovery data included 18,082 cases and 13,780 controls of European ancestry. Replication data included 1,914 cases and 3,065 controls of European descent. Using multivariate logistic regression, we found novel SNPs in surfactant-related genes CTSH [rs34577742 C > T, odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–0.93, P = 7.64 × 10−9] and SFTA2 (rs3095153 G > A, OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.10–1.21, P = 1.27 × 10−9) associated with overall lung cancer in the discovery data and validated in an independent replication data—CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80–0.96, P = 5.76 × 10−3) and SFTA2 (rs3095153 G > A, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.28, P = 3.25 × 10−2). Among ever smokers, we found SNPs in CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85–0.92, P = 1.94 × 10−7) and SFTA2 (rs3095152 G > A, OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.14–1.27, P = 4.25 × 10−11) associated with overall lung cancer in the discovery data and validated in the replication data—CTSH (rs34577742 C > T, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.97, P = 1.64 × 10−2) and SFTA2 (rs3095152 G > A, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01–1.30, P = 3.81 × 10−2). Subsequent transcriptome-wide association study using expression weights from a lung expression quantitative trait loci study revealed genes most strongly associated with lung cancer are CTSH (PTWAS = 2.44 × 10−4) and SFTA2 (PTWAS = 2.32 × 10−6)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of human lung cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Full text linkAbstractWith the emergence of the nanotechnology industry, there has been a rapid expansion of different types and numbers of nanomaterials to be used in various applications. However, little is known of their potential to cause harmful effects on human health. Among other nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, are found to harbor attractive characteristics that can be used in many applications. However, the same properties may cause harmful effects on human health that has raised serious concerns. The main route of exposure to carbon nanotubes is through the respiratory system with subsequent deposition in the lungs. Carbon nanotubes in contrast to other nanomaterials have fiber-like structures similar to the asbestos fibers. Exposure to asbestos has been associated with serious lung diseases such as fibrosis and cancer.A common type of carbon nanotubes called multiwalled carbon nanotubes has many valuable properties and several potential applications in different nanoproducts, manufactured commercially. It seems that the toxicological effects differ from product to product. Through this study potential harmful effects of two multiwalled carbon nanotubes designated as MWCNT-NO (produced in Norway) and MWCNT-JP (produced in Japan) have been investigated in vitro in normal human lung cells. The well known crocidolite asbestos was included to compare the effects with nanotubes. Hydrogen peroxide, a well known oxidative agent was also included since it has been hypothesized that carbon nanotubes may exert their effects through oxidative stress mechanisms. Cellular responses such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis and changes in expression of some inflammatory and apoptotic genes were studied. The results of the cytotoxicity assays (WST-8 assay) indicated a reduction of cell viability for carbon nanotubes and crocidolite asbestos, depending on the dose and time of exposure. However, MWCNTs, especially MWCNT-JP, were more toxic than crocidolite asbestos. For the hydrogen peroxide, the reduction in cell viability tended to depend only on the dose. Little differences between the two cell-lines were observed. Hoechst/PI staining revealed that cell death occurred essentially by necrosis and not apoptosis following exposure. Exposure to MWCNT-NO resulted in an increased expression of the IL1B, IL8 and IL6 inflammatory genes (qRT-PCR). This differed from the MWCNT-JP type where little changes in the expression were observed. Some differences between the two cell lines were also observed. The overall potential of the tested carbon nanotubes to cause harmful effects in normal human lung cells needs further verifications with improved particle characterization
Cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of human lung cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes
No full textAbstractWith the emergence of the nanotechnology industry, there has been a rapid expansion of different types and numbers of nanomaterials to be used in various applications. However, little is known of their potential to cause harmful effects on human health. Among other nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, are found to harbor attractive characteristics that can be used in many applications. However, the same properties may cause harmful effects on human health that has raised serious concerns. The main route of exposure to carbon nanotubes is through the respiratory system with subsequent deposition in the lungs. Carbon nanotubes in contrast to other nanomaterials have fiber-like structures similar to the asbestos fibers. Exposure to asbestos has been associated with serious lung diseases such as fibrosis and cancer.A common type of carbon nanotubes called multiwalled carbon nanotubes has many valuable properties and several potential applications in different nanoproducts, manufactured commercially. It seems that the toxicological effects differ from product to product. Through this study potential harmful effects of two multiwalled carbon nanotubes designated as MWCNT-NO (produced in Norway) and MWCNT-JP (produced in Japan) have been investigated in vitro in normal human lung cells. The well known crocidolite asbestos was included to compare the effects with nanotubes. Hydrogen peroxide, a well known oxidative agent was also included since it has been hypothesized that carbon nanotubes may exert their effects through oxidative stress mechanisms. Cellular responses such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis and changes in expression of some inflammatory and apoptotic genes were studied. The results of the cytotoxicity assays (WST-8 assay) indicated a reduction of cell viability for carbon nanotubes and crocidolite asbestos, depending on the dose and time of exposure. However, MWCNTs, especially MWCNT-JP, were more toxic than crocidolite asbestos. For the hydrogen peroxide, the reduction in cell viability tended to depend only on the dose. Little differences between the two cell-lines were observed. Hoechst/PI staining revealed that cell death occurred essentially by necrosis and not apoptosis following exposure. Exposure to MWCNT-NO resulted in an increased expression of the IL1B, IL8 and IL6 inflammatory genes (qRT-PCR). This differed from the MWCNT-JP type where little changes in the expression were observed. Some differences between the two cell lines were also observed. The overall potential of the tested carbon nanotubes to cause harmful effects in normal human lung cells needs further verifications with improved particle characterization
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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