1,720,965 research outputs found
La pertinence en contexte canadien de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle du Conseil privé relative à l’indépendance judiciaire
Get PDFLa présente étude examine le principe constitutionnel dit « non écrit » ou implicite de l’indépendance judiciaire dans une perspective comparée. L’exercice du contrôle judiciaire de constitutionnalité des lois sur la base de tels principes n’est pas unique au contexte canadien. En effet, depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, le Comité judiciaire du Conseil privé examine la conformité de lois à des principes constitutionnels implicites dans des affaires provenant de pays du Commonwealth ayant adopté, comme au Canada, une Constitution basée sur le « modèle de Westminster ». Cette jurisprudence du Conseil privé suggère que la position de la Cour suprême est loin d’être aussi exceptionnelle qu’on aurait pu initialement le croire. La jurisprudence de la Cour suprême s’inscrit plutôt dans un courant plus global au sein du Commonwealth permettant le recours à des principes constitutionnels implicites, en particulier l’indépendance judiciaire et la séparation des pouvoirs, dans l’exercice du contrôle judiciaire des lois. L’analyse comparée proposée aurait fourni à la Cour suprême un appui additionnel considérable à sa position concernant la portée constitutionnelle du principe de l’indépendance judiciaire.Abstract : This article examines the « unwritten » or implied constitutional principle of judicial independence from a comparative perspective. The exercise of judicial review on the basis of such principles is not unique to the Canadian context. Indeed, for more than half a century, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council has been examining the conformity of laws to implied constitutional principles in cases from Commonwealth countries which, as in Canada, have adopted a Constitution based on the “Westminster Model”. This Privy Council case law suggests that the position of the Supreme Court is far from being as exceptional as one would have initially thought. Rather, the Supreme Court case law fits with a more global trend within the Commonwealth of using implied constitutional principles, in particular judicial independence and the separation of powers, in conducting judicial review of legislation. It follows that the proposed comparative analysis would have provided the Supreme Court significant support for its position regarding the constitutional extent of the principle of judicial independence
La municipalité comme autorité responsable : une approche institutionnelle et fonctionnelle de l'immunité.
Get PDFL’objectif de cette thèse est de trois ordres. Premièrement, elle vise à examiner la responsabilité municipale à travers le prisme d’une analyse institutionnelle afin de démontrer que les municipalités ne possèdent aucune protection constitutionnelle en vertu de la séparation des pouvoirs et qu’elles peuvent uniquement bénéficier d’une immunité liée à leurs fonctions législatives déléguées, ce qui implique l’exclusion de toute immunité institutionnelle. Deuxièmement, cette thèse vise à analyser l’évolution jurisprudentielle de l’immunité afin de démontrer que la notion de politique publique (policy) qui fonde l’immunité n’a pas de contenu substantiel inhérent et qu’il faut ainsi privilégier une définition formelle reposant sur un processus décisionnel. Troisièmement, cette thèse proposera une nouvelle conception de l’immunité, soit celle "d’immunité proportionnelle variable". Ainsi, contrairement à l’immunité traditionnelle dont l’application est uniforme, cette nouvelle conception permettrait de lever partiellement l’immunité à l’égard de certaines personnes vulnérables et de la faire varier proportionnellement en fonction des effets préjudiciables que pourrait avoir une décision politique sur les droits de ces personnes vulnérables.This thesis has three objectives. The first one is to examine the liability of municipalities trough an institutional analysis in order to demonstrate that municipalities have no constitutional protection under the separation of powers but rather only enjoy an immunity related to their delegated legislative functions, which implies that they do not have any institutional immunity. The second objective of this thesis is to analyze the evolution of the case law regarding immunity in order to demonstrate that the notion of policy, which is the basis for immunity, has no inherent substantive content. Therefore, we believe that a formal definition of immunity based on a decisional process should be favored. Finally, this thesis will suggest a new concept of immunity that we call "variable proportional immunity". Thus, unlike traditional immunity, which is applied uniformly, pursuant to this new concept, immunity could be partially waived in favour of certain vulnerable people proportionally to the injurious impact that could result from a policy decision on these vulnerable people’s rights
Définir la primauté du droit dans le cadre de la justice transitionnelle au Sri Lanka
Get PDFCela fait plusieurs années que le conflit au Sri Lanka s’est officiellement terminé. Pendant près de 20 ans, l’armée et les Tigres de Libération de l’Îlam tamoul se sont affrontés. Durant les années de conflit, le gouvernement sri lankais a instruit plusieurs commissions d’enquête et de vérité afin de faire face aux abus et aux violations des droits humains. Celles-ci n’ont pas exaucé les promesses de vérité et justice dont elles étaient porteuses. Il en va de même pour les commissions étant apparu à la fin du conflit.
Cette recherche a pour but l’analyse de la primauté du droit au Sri Lanka à l’issue des différents mécanismes se rapportant à la justice transitionnelle dans le pays. Plus précisément, nous procédons à un travail de définition de la primauté du droit qui s’attache aux échecs du gouvernement dans sa tentative de faire face à l’héritage du conflit. En conclusion, nous fournissons une définition de la primauté du droit capable de revaloriser la justice transitionnelle dans le pays, et dont les caractéristiques sont fondées sur une approche holistique du contexte.It has been almost several years since the conflict in Sri Lanka officially ended. For nearly 20 years, the army, and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Îlam fought. During the years of conflict, the Sri Lankan government initiated several commissions of inquiry and truth commissions to address human rights abuses and violations. These commissions have not kept their promise of truth and justice. The same is true for the commissions that emerged at the end of the conflict.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the rule of law in Sri Lanka through the various transitional justice mechanisms in the country. Specifically, we proceed to define the rule of law as it relates to the failures of the government to address the legacy of the conflict. In conclusion, we provide a definition of the rule of law capable of enhancing transitional justice in the country and whose characteristics are based on a holistic approach to context
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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