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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ricostruzione delle abitudini locomotorie di Oreopithecus bambolii (Gervais, 1872) mediante l’utilizzo di tecniche di antropologia virtuale
No full textOreopithecus bambolii è un primate miocenico europeo, vissuto tra 8.2 e 6.7 milioni di anni fa nell’attuale Toscana e in Sardegna. È uno dei primati miocenici più noti grazie all’ampio numero di fossili ritrovati e alle caratteristiche morfologiche peculiari che lo contraddistinguono. Oreopithecus bambolii è stato descritto oltre 150 anni fa ed è stato al centro di numerosi studi. L’oggetto di studio di questa tesi è uno scheletro fossile (IGF 11778) il quale risulta essere il più completo tra i resti di Oreopithecus e rappresenta uno degli scheletri fossili di primate più completi in assoluto all’interno del record fossile mondiale. Ciononostante, rimangono poco chiari alcuni aspetti relativi a questa linea evolutiva estinta, sia per quanto riguarda la filogenesi sia per quanto riguarda la locomozione. Storicamente, infatti, sono state proposte varie ipotesi riguardo alle abitudini locomotorie di O.bambolii, inclusa quella del bipedismo supportata da studi condotti su vari distretti scheletrici, come il cranio, l’orecchio interno, la pelvi, e la colonna vertebrale. Tuttavia, nella letteratura non è presente nessuno studio sulla locomozione che riguardasse l’analisi degli arti superiori e inferiori di O.bambolii. Lo scopo principale di questo progetto di tesi è quello di ricostruire le abitudini locomotorie di O. bambolii tramite l’applicazione di tecniche morfometriche e di statistica multivariata sullo scheletro fossile acquisito digitalmente tramite micro-tomografia computerizzata. In questo studio, per la prima volta, sono stati analizzati i) gli arti superiori e inferiori mediante morfometria tradizionale e ii) la prima vertebra cervicale mediante tecniche di morfometria geometrica. Le misurazioni lineari (morfometria tradizionale) sono state acquisite sulle ossa lunghe disponibili (omero, ulna, metacarpali, falangi e femore) di IGF 11778 e sono state confrontate con quelle di primati attuali di cui conosciamo le abitudini locomotorie. Per quanto riguarda l’atlante invece è stata creata una configurazione landmark di punti anatomici che tenesse conto dello stato di conservazione della prima vertebra cervicale di IGF 11778 e a sua volta confrontata con quella di altri primati attuali al fine di ricostruire la postura di Oreopithecus in comparazione con primati ortogradi, clinogradi e pronogradi. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono come la locomozione di Oreopithecus fosse caratterizzata da un comportamento sospensorio, molto simile agli attuali gibboni e confutando l’ipotesi del bipedismo. In conclusione, questo progetto dimostra come l’utilizzo delle tecniche di antropologia virtuale rappresenti uno strumento fondamentale per ricostruire le abitudini locomotorie di primati estinti.
Oreopithecus bambolii is a Miocene European primate that lived between 8.2 and 6.7 million years ago in what is now Tuscany and Sardinia. It is one of the best-known Miocene primates thanks to the large number of fossils discovered and the distinctive morphological features that characterize it. Oreopithecus bambolii was described over 150 years ago and has been the subject of numerous studies.
The focus of this thesis is a fossil skeleton (IGF 11778), which is the most complete among the remains of Oreopithecus and represents one of the most complete fossil primate skeletons ever found in the global fossil record. Nonetheless, several aspects of this extinct evolutionary lineage remain unclear, particularly in terms of its phylogeny and locomotion.
Historically, various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the locomotor behavior of O. bambolii, including bipedalism, supported by studies on different skeletal regions such as the skull, inner ear, pelvis, and vertebral column. However, to date, there are no published studies focusing on locomotion based on the analysis of the upper and lower limbs of O. bambolii.
The main goal of this thesis project is to reconstruct the locomotor behavior of O. bambolii through the application of morphometric techniques and multivariate statistics on the fossil skeleton, which was digitally acquired using micro-computed tomography. In this study, for the first time, (i) the upper and lower limbs were analyzed using traditional morphometrics, and (ii) the first cervical vertebra (atlas) was analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques.
Linear measurements (traditional morphometrics) were taken from the available long bones (humerus, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, and femur) of IGF 11778 and compared with those of extant primates with known locomotor behaviors. As for the atlas, a landmark configuration of anatomical points was created, taking into account the preservation state of the first cervical vertebra of IGF 11778, and compared with that of other living primates in order to reconstruct the posture of Oreopithecus in comparison with orthograde, clinograde, and pronograde primates.
The results of this study suggest that the locomotion of Oreopithecus was characterized by suspensory behavior, very similar to that of modern gibbons, thereby refuting the hypothesis of bipedalism.
In conclusion, this project demonstrates how the use of virtual anthropology techniques represents a fundamental tool for reconstructing the locomotor behaviors of extinct primates
Morphometric maps of bilateral asymmetry in the human humerus. An implementation in the R package morphomap
Full text linkIn biological anthropology, parameters relating to cross-sectional geometry are calculated in paired long bones to evaluate the degree of lateralization of anatomy and, by inference, function. Here, we describe a novel approach, newly added to the morphomap R package, to assess the lateralization of the distribution of cortical bone along the entire diaphysis. The sample comprises paired long bones belonging to 51 individuals (10 females and 41 males) from The New Mexico Decedent Image Database with known biological profile, occupational and loading histories. Both males and females show a pattern of right lateralization. In addition, males are more lateralized than females, whereas there is not a significant association between lateralization with occupation and loading history. Body weight, height and long-bone length are the major factors driving the emergence of asymmetry in the humerus, while interestingly, the degree of lateralization decreases in the oldest individuals
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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