1,721,035 research outputs found
Changes in flavonoid biosynthesis and in the berry whole transcriptome of ‘Sangiovese’ under moderate air temperature increase
No full textAmong the environmental factors, temperature is the one that poses serious threats to viticulture in the present and future scenarios of global climate change. In this work, we evaluated the effects on berry ripening of two thermal regimes, imposed from veraison to harvest. Potted vines were grown in two air-conditioned greenhouses with high temperature (HT) and low temperature (LT) regimes characterized respectively by 26 and 21°C as average and 41.7 and 35°C as maximum air daily temperature. We carried out analyses of the main berry compositional parameters and of berry skin phenolics on HT and LT berries sampled at six phases during ripening. In the same sampling dates, the berry skin transcriptome under the two temperature regimes was analyzed. The two thermal conditions strongly differentiated HT and LT berries. The HT regime did not increase sugar accumulation at harvest but contributed to a total acidity reduction and to a pH increase. Conversely, changes in growing temperatures greatly impacted on grape phenolic composition as the anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations resulted strongly reduced. Whole transcriptome analysis identified genes with a different expression profile when berries were ripened under HT or LT. Focusing on phenylpropanoid-related genes, we found many differential transcripts involved in stilbene biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the effect observed on genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis was only marginally in line with the berry biochemical parameters, suggesting a possible posttranscriptional response of this pathway to moderate increments of temperature in ‘Sangiovese’
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regeneration of plants from embryogenic callus-derived protoplasts of Garganega and Sangiovese grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars
Full text linkProtoplasts are useful research tools for basic and applied plant science, but the regeneration of whole plants from protoplasts is challenging in most of agronomically important crops, including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Here we describe an efficient protocol for the induction of embryogenic callus, the isolation of protoplasts, and the regeneration of whole grapevine plants in two Italian grapevine cultivars. Embryogenic callus was induced successfully from stamens collected from immature flowers. Isolated protoplasts were tested to confirm their viability and then cultivated using the disc-culture method, at a density of 1 × 105 protoplasts/mL in solid Nitsch’s medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine. After 3–4 months, the protoplasts of both cultivars regenerated with similar efficiency into cotyledonal-stage somatic embryos. The somatic embryos were transferred to solid Nitsch’s medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L gellan gum, and were maintained in the dark for 4 weeks. This step was necessary for the embryo to complete germination, allowing subsequent shoot elongation in response to light on a medium with 4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Then root elongation occurred after transferring on a medium with 0.5 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic. After ~ 6 months from the isolation of protoplasts, normal plants were regenerated, which were moved to the greenhouse. The protoplasts could also be transfected using the polyethylene glycol method, as confirmed using a plasmid carrying the yellow florescent protein marker gene. The new method is therefore compatible with biotechnological applications such as gene transfer and genome editing
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Mixture of ether and silicone oil for the treatment of inferior complicated retinal detachment
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