1,355,598 research outputs found
Todorov and Bakhtin
No full textIT IS COMMON TO VIEW Tzvetan Todorov's life as made up of two distinct parts. There is less consensus, though, on what may constitute these two parts. Is it structuralism and humanism? Literary theory and philosophy? Or totalitarianism in Bulgaria and liberal democracy in France? How one defines these two parts of course influences when one would set the break. Although his thought evolved over several years, Todorov himself conceded that his engagement with Mikhail Bakhtin’s work had a decisive impact on his own approach, that it was “the dividing line,” thus drawing it in the late 1970s to early 1980s. In more recent years though, Todorov glossed on his childhood and youth under communist rule in his native Bulgaria and how this background had shaped his thinking. This would suggest the existence of another dividing line, much earlier, in the early 1960s, when he moved from communist Bulgaria to democratic France. Totalitarianism obviously stands in stark contrast to democracy politically. But for Todorov that early break was no less sharp in personal terms: before the demise of the various Eastern European regimes in the years following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, a move from Bulgaria to Fr ance constituted an irremediable split. Yet Todorov himself complic ates this picture by pointing out that until the demise of communist Bulgaria he remained in some ways hostage to his homeland's regime for fear that his views might trigger reprisals against his parents and the other family members he had left behind. It is worth noting that he did not defect but that his departure was entirely legal: he went to study for a year in Paris, then stayed for another two years, and finally was granted permanent residency before gaining French citizenship ten years later in 1973.
These considerations aside, Todorov himself highlights his encounters with Arthur Koestler and Isaiah Berlin as two crucial moments in the development of his thought. From the former, he garnered the feeling that his own apolitical stance was fruitless. From the latter, he took away the idea that philosophical topics such as nihilism and liberalism might be worth studying. Literature, Berlin had told him, “is not made up of structures alone, but also of ideas and history.
Factors associated with hypotension and bradycardia after extradural block
No full textIn order to identify patient-, anesthesia-, and surgery-related factors influencing the probability of hypotension and bradycardia after epidural blockade, an observational study was conducted on 1050 nonpregnant patients. Backward stepwise logistic regression was performed on the variables hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) and bradycardia (heart rate <or=to45 bpm). Hypotension and bradycardia occurred in 158 and 24 patients, respectively. The probability of hypotension increased when epidural fentanyl was administered (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.11), with body weight and spread of epidural analgesia, and decreased when a tourniquet was used (OR = 0.01, CI = 0.01-0.02) and bupivacaine instead of carbonated lidocaine was administered (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.14-0.60). Sensitivity and specificity of the model were 89% and 88%, respectively. The probability of bradycardia was less in women (OR = 0.05, CI = 0.01-0.41) and when a tourniquet was used (OR = 0.04, CI = 0.02-0.09). Sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 97%, respectively. In conclusion, our analysis can contribute to identification of patients at high risk to develop hypotension and bradycardia after epidural blockade. If bupivacaine instead of carbonated lidocaine is used and epidural fentanyl is not administered a decrease in the incidence of hypotension may be anticipated
Compte rendu de Peters (A.), Devers (M.), Thevenot-Werner (A.-M.), Zbinden (P.) (dir.). Les acteurs à l’heure du constitutionnalisme Global.
No full textPeters (A.), Devers (M.), Thevenot-Werner (A.-M.), Zbinden (P.) (dir.). Les acteurs à l’heure du constitutionnalisme Global.", Paris : Société de législation comparée, 2014, 200 p., ISBN : 9782365170314
A Multifactorial approach to explain inadequate surgical analgesia following extradural blockade
No full textFast self-testing quantum random number generator based on homodyne detection
No full textSelf-testing and semi-device independent protocols are becoming the preferred choice for quantum technologies, being able to certify their quantum nature with few assumptions and simple experimental implementations. In particular, for quantum random number generators, the possibility of monitoring, in real time, the entropy of the source only by measuring the input/output statistics is a characteristic that no other classical system could provide. The cost of this possibility is not necessarily increased complexity and reduced performance. Indeed, here we show that with a simple optical setup consisting of commercially available components, a high bit generation rate can be achieved. We manage to certify 145.5 MHz of quantum random bit generation rate
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
