1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
LAJU TANGKAP UDANG DAN MASALAH JARING APONG DI. PELAWANGAN TIMUR LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN
Full text linkStarting from his anxious to know how the God's blessing for the sea resources abundance generated from the Pelawangan Timur as the one important gate for natural restocking of fish and shrimp migrate from the lagoon as the nursery ground to the sea, the writer want to transver his knowledge as the thanks for God.
Pelawangan Timur is situated at along channel for sailing from Karangbolong to the Tanjung Intan's Harbour of Cilacap, Central Java and at along stream of Sapuregel Besar. The waters condition of Pelawangan Timur is adequate deeper and the water mass flows so fastly to run together with the current's entrance and out to follow the local tidal periode.. The fish abundance flows together with the water mass movement into and out from the lagoon passing Pelawangan Timur blocked by apong nets belong to the local fishers. The apong net is a kind of tidal filter net set at the bottom to block the tidal water mass including fish and shrimps flowing together with the water mass.
Catch rate data of the apong net during this survey had been collected since March, 2000 to April 2002 from the apong net fishing located at the mouth of the Donan River nearby, the central of Pelawangan Timur. The catch rate data of Penaeus merguiensis de Man caught by Trammel net at sea was also colected from the two big central fish landing basis of Cilacap called TPI Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap and TPI Sidakaya. All the collected information and data during this survey were analyzed and presented descriptively about fishing technique and method of apong net, daily and monthly analyzes based on the average apong net's catch rate, biological analyze of some species apong catches, biometrical and CPUE analyze to the adult species of Penaeus menguiensis de Man caught from the sea, some problem analyzes of apong net's operation, and some discussions in regard to the apong arrangement by the district law (PERDA) at the lagoon, mainly at Pelawangan Timur.
The apong's distribution in the hole area of Segara Anakan lagoon have been known of 1660 units belong to 912 fishers. The apong's distribution at the central of Pelawangan Timur nearby are 145 units belong to 85 fishers.
The biggest apong net contruction was represented by the apong from Pelawangan Timur area consisting of : Muara donan type, Karangbolong type, Sodong Type, and Pakumbahan type. The circle mouth opening of apong net design are 106 m — 130 m. The smaller apong net construction are from the western lagoon represented by Cibeureum and Muaradua type. These two last types have the circle mouth opening respectively 38,1 m and 19,05 m. The differences sizes of apong net contructions are relating to the species target, the catch amount, and the deep ot the water in where the apong set. To stand the strong current, the apong net should be stucked by using stones of 6 — 9 meter cubic.
From catch rate analyzes it can be estimated the catch production and composition in percentage per year of apong net operated at Pelawangan Timur are : Metapenaeus e!egans = 236,4 kg (6%), Penaeus rnerguiensis de Man (young) = 47,6 kg (1%), mixed small shrimp = 116,4 kg consisting of 29% or 33,76 kg small size of 3-4 gram in weigth individually of young Penaeus merguiensis de Man., Palaemonidae (rebon) = 1665, 6 kg (44%), engraulidae (tell) = 684,6 kg (18%), Trichiurus lepturus = 228,2 kg (6%), group of fishes = 185,3 kg (5%), group of small fishes = 371,7 kg (10%), squits = 29,1 kg (1%), others (mixed species in very small size and lowest valuable) = 222,9 (6%).
Occurance frequency of apong fishing by catch category at Pelawangan Timur are : Metapenaeus elegans = 85%, young Penaeus merguiensis de Man = 53%, mixed small shrimp = 65%, Palaemonidae (rebon) = 35%, engraulidae (ten) = 90%, Trichiurus lepturus = 32%, group of fishes = 32%, group of small fishes = 62%, squits = 22%, others = 40%.
Fluctuated production had occurred base on data catches of adult Penaeus rnerguiensis de Man caught from the sea, since 1995 to 2002. The trend of catch production was decline, but at certain periode of 1998, the increasing effort was also followed by the increasing CPUE and catch production as well. In the next periode, after 1998, the effort fluctuation occurred in the range value of 9000 — 10000 was always followed by the declining of catch production and CPUE. Adult Penaeus merguiensis de man production in 1988 reached 437 ton and the CPUE was 47,04 kg; in 2002, both for catch production and CPUE was remarkably declined until less than 50% compared to the above condition in 1998, were 199 ton of catch production, and 20,8 kg of CPUE. From this figure it can be stated that the declining catch production was caused not only by fishing effort, but also by the premature fishing of apong net having had significantly occurred in the lagoon, including at Pelawangan Timur.
Based on the estimated calculation from this survey, it can be mentioned that the total catch estimation of the young Penaeus merguiensis de Man from each unit apong net at Pelawangan Timur, in one year is 81,36 kg which is aqual to around 21000 shrimps of that species.
From the result of assassement for biological parameter of adult Penaeus merguiensis de Man, it can be found 86% of female, their sex was already matured about 58%, their growth rate value (K) = 1,025 and the maximum range of their age is 22,5 months.
The influence of apong catch rate at Pelawangan Timur against to the recruitment of Penaeus merguiensis de Man caught from the sea, in 2003 it will be estimated to decrease about 53 ton, so the standing stock assassement of Penaeus merguiensis de Man at the sea became in range of 238 ton to 327 ton.
The apong fishery problems faced at Pelawangan Timur include biological and ecological problem, social and economic problems, some technicals problem, causing disturbance to the shipping line, law inforcement problem. All this problems should be solved good coordination, synergy steps, and well intergrated in order to get resultantive solution from all mentioned problems.
Fishery management at the Sogara Anakan give impact to the marine fishery at Southern Sea apart from Hindian Ocean, especially in connection with the apong catch rate shouid be faced for the interesting future and for sustainable in along term include for : sustainable resource, fishers and coastal people community, district economic, national and local district income, without ignoring the local impacted community needs.
The main priority step in regard to apong arrangement in the lagoon will concider starting from the critical area such as Pelawangan Timur by giving solution of alternative works other than apong net fishery.
Berangkat dad rasa keingintahuan penulis terhadap betapa nilai kenikmatan limpahan hasH laut melalui Pelawangan Timur Laguna Segara Anakan, sebagai gerbang pengkayaan alami sumberdaya ikan dan udang dad tempat asuh menuju ruang tumbuh di laut Selatan Cilacap dan sekitamya, penulis ingin sating mengingatkan untuk mensyukud nikmat tersebut rnelalui tulisan
Pelawangan Timur berada di sepanjang alur pelayaran dad Karangbolong menuju Pelabuhan Tanjung Intan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah dan di sepanjang Sapuregel besar. Kondisi perairan Pelawangan Timur yang cukup dalam sehingga terjadi perpindahan massa air yang besar dan lancar mengikuti pergerakan arus pasang surut dad dalam dan keluar laguna. Kelimpahan surnberdaya ikan yang bergerak bersama massa air pasut rnelewati Pelawangan Timur dimanfaatkan nelayan setempat dengan memasang jaring apong. Jadng Apong adalah sejenis perangkap pasang surut (tidal filter net) yang dipasang menetap pada dasar perairan menghadap massa air surut.
Data laju tangkap jaring apong yang diamati dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan semenjak Maret 2000 hingga April 2002 dengan tempat pengambilan sample laju tangkap jaring apong di Kuala Donan Pelawangan Timur, sedangkan pengumpulan data pendukung laju tangkap udang jeibung clewasa, Penaeus merguiensis de Man dilakukan di TPI Sidakaya dan TPI PPSC, Cilacap. Analisis yang dilakukan berupa analisis deskdptif tentang teknik penangkapan dengan jaring apong di Laguna Segara Anakan, analisis laju tangkap jaring apong di Pelawangan Timur berdasarkan nilai tengah laju tangkap hadan dan bulanan, deskripsi biologis, penghitungan biometdc udang jerbung di Laut Selatan, analisis laju tangkap udang jerbung oleh trammel net di laut dalam hubungannya dengan upaya tangkap (fishing effort) dan produksi, analisis terhadap permasalahan jadng apor!g di Pelawangan Timur dalam kaitannya dengan laju tangkap udang di laguna dan di laut melalui sebuah ilustrasi prospektif model sederhana. Selain itu terhadap permasalahan jaring apong juga ditinjau dad dampak gangguan terhadap kegiatan di alur pelayaran, teknik kontnuksi dan pemasangan jaring apong, persoalan social ekonomi jaring apong serta dilanjutkan dengan pembahasan tentang kemungkInan pengelolaan perikanan apong di Pelawangan Timur.
Dad hasil penelitian diketahui jumlah sebaran jadng apong di seluruh kawasan Segara Anakan sebanyak 1660 yang dimiliki 912 pemilik, dan khusus untuk daerah Pelawangan Timur pusat pengamatan diketahui terdapat 145 unit jaiing apong yang dimiliki oleh sekitar 85 pemilik.
Jaring apong terbesar diwakili desain jadng apong Pelawangan Timur yang terdid dad : tipe muara clonal), tipe karangbolong, tipe sodong dan Pakumbahan, dengan bukaan keliling mulut antara 106 m — 130 m, sedangkan jaring apong di laguna Barat yang diwakili tipe Cibeureum dan Muaradua masing-masing mempunyai bukaan keliling mulut jadng 38,1 m dan 19,05 m. Berat bahan webbing yang digunakan untuk tipe jaring Pelawangart Tirnur antara 36 kg — 48 kg, sedangkan untuk tipe laguna barat antara 9,5 kg — 14 kg. Perbedaan yang mencolok tersebut berkaitan dengan sasaran jenis tangkapan, jumlah tangkapan dan perbedaan kedalaman perairan. Untuk kebutuhan pancang satu unit jaring apong di Palawangan Timur dibutuhkan 6 — 9 meter kubik batu yang dibronjong dengan tali PE. Dad hasil pengamatan terhadap laju tangkap jadng apong diberikan perkiraan hasil produksi tahunan per unit apong dan komposisi tangkapan (%) : udang jari, Metapenaeus elegans = 236,4 kg (6%), udang peci atauanakan jerbung, Penaeus merguiensis de Man = 47,6 kg (1%), Drago (udang lembutan campuran) = 116,4 kg yang 29% atau 33,76 kg adalah peci lembutan (berat = 3 - 4 gr per individu), Rebon (Palaemonidae) = 1665,6 kg (44%), ikan teri = 684,6 kg (18%), ikan layur, Trichiurus lepturus = 228,2 kg (6%), kelompok ikan = 185,3 kg (5%), kelompok ikan kecil = 371,7 kg (10%), cunni-cumi =29,1 (1%), lain-lain (lembutan) = 222,9 (6%).
Frekuensi tertangkap jaring apong di PelawanganTimur :udang jad = 85%, udang peci = 53%, udang drago = 65%, udang rebon =35%, ikan teri 90%, ikan layur = 32%, kelompok ikan = 32%, kelompok ikan kecil = 62%, cumi-cumi = 22%, lain-lain = 40%.
Berdasarkan hasil analisa perkembangan upaya tangkap dan produksi udang Penaeus merguiensis de Man di laut selatan Cilacap selama periode 1995 - 2002 telah teijadi fluktuasi dengan kecenderungan produksi menurun. Sementara itu perkembangan upaya tangkap yang fluktuatif meningkat menyesuaikan produktivitas udang di perairan, sehingga pada periode 1998 kenaikan effort dapat diikuti kenaikan laju tangkap dan produksi. Perkembangan pada tahun berikutnya, fluktuasi effort yang terjadi dalam kisaran 9000 - 10000 selalu diikuti penurunan produksi dan laju tangkap (CPUE). Produksi udang Penaeus merguiensis de Man., pada tahun 1998 mencapai 437 ton dengan laju tangkap (CPUE) 47,04 kg, sedangkan pada tahun 2002 baik laju tangkap (CPUE) maupun produksi udang Penaeus merguiensis de Man., hanya mencapai kurang dari 50% dibanding kejadian tahun 1998 yakni dengan tingkat produksi 199 ton dan dengan laju tangkap (CPUE) 20,80 kg. Fluktuasi tersebut menggambarkan bahwa penurunan produksi selain diakibatkan oleh upaya penangkapan di taut, juga diakibatkan oleh penangkapan dini yang secara signifikan dan terus menerus dilakukan di laguna Segara Anakan oleh jaring apong.
Hasil perhitungan jumlah udang peci (Penaeus merguiensis de Man.) yang tertangkap satu unit jaring apong selama satu tahun = 81,36 kg atau diperkirakan sebanyak 21.000 ekor..
Dari hasil dugaan penghitungan parameter biologi udang jerbung besar, Penaeus merguiensid di laut selatan Cilacap didapatkan 86% adalah udang betina. Udang betina yang telah mencapai matang gonada sebanyak 58%, nilai laju pertumbuhan K = 1,025 dengan kisaran umur rnaksamal mencapai 22,5 bulan.
Pengaruh laju tangkapan jadng apong terhadap rekrutmen udang jerbung di laut selatan Cilacap (Penaeus rnerguiensis de Man.) dalam tahun 2003 diperkirakan mengurangi jumlah rekrutmen sebesar 53 ton udang, sehingga hasH pendugaan stok Penaeus merguiensis de Man yang tersedia di laut Selatan Cilacap dan sekitamya terdapat sekitar 238 ton - 327 ton.
Masalah perikanan jaring apong di Pelawangan Timur menyangkut berbagai aspek : biologi dan lingkungan, sosial ekonomi, teknis, gangguan alur pelayaran, pelanggaran hukum dan peraturan yang berlaku baik ditingkat pusat maupun daerah, yang kesemua langkah hams dikoordinasikan, disinergikan dan dipadukan dalam mengambil langkah resultantif guna menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada.
Pengelolaan perikananan di kawasan Segara Anakan yang berdampak pada perikanan laut terbuka di selatan Jawa, khususnya yang terkait dengan pengaruh laju tangkap jaring apong hendaknya demi kepentingan kedepan yang lebih luas dan jangka panjang (kelestarian sumberdaya, masyarakat nelayan dan masyarakat pesisir, perekonomian daerah, pendapatan daerah dan nasional), tanpa mengabaikan kepentingan masyarakat yang terkena dampak .
Penyelesaian prioritas penataan jaring apong hendaknya dimulai dad daerah yang paling kritis, seperti di daerali perairan lindung mutlak di Pelawangan Timur dengan memberikan sosialisasi dan solusi altematif usaha secara interaktif antara user dan stake holder
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