1,720,993 research outputs found
Nature et développement : Écologie et luttes sociales au Brésil
No full textMagda Zanom, Environment and Development the Ecology Movement in Brazil
Since its colonization in the Nineteenth Century, the land and soil of Brazil have been subjected to an uninterrupted series of ravages : cycles involving extraction of wood resources, sugar cane and cotton, gold, coffee, hevea, and soja. In the second half ot the Twentieth Century, the new paths of development inaugurated by different governments follow a model of agro-industrial exportation which has dramatically accelerated previously established patterns of environmental destruction. This process is culminating today in grandiose projects such as the colonization of the Amazon and the construction of huge dams (Itaipu, Tucurui) whose potential for ecological and human destruction is mind-boggling. The Brazilian ecology movement has fixed a double objective in refusing to separate the defense of the environment from the development of the well-being of the immense majority of the people.Depuis sa colonisation au dix-neuvième siècle, le Brésil a subi une suite ininterrompue de cycles de prédation : cycles du bois Pau Brasil, de la canne à sucre et du coton, de l'or puis du café, de l'hévéa puis du soja,... Dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les nouvelles voies de développement inaugurées par les divers gouvernements reposent sur un modèle agro-industriel exportateur qui a accéléré dramatiquement les anciens modes de destruction de la nature. Ce processus culmine aujourd'hui dans de véritables projets pharaoniques : colonisation de l'Amazonie, plan alcool, grands barrages — Itaipu, Tucurui — , dont les effets destructifs sont hallucinants tant sur le plan écologique que sur le plan social et humain. Le mouvement écologique brésilien s'est situé d'emblée sur ce double terrain, en refusant de séparer défense de l'environnement et objectifs de développement au bénéfice de l'immense majorité du peuple.Maria Zanoni Magda. Nature et développement : Écologie et luttes sociales au Brésil. In: L'Homme et la société, N. 91-92, 1989. Le rappport à la nature. pp. 129-147
Conflits d'usage sur les mangroves de la baie de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brésil. Urbanisation et préservation ou utilisation rationnelle des ressources ?
No full textThe mangroves of the Paranaguâ bay are at the heart of our interest in environmental problems and sustainable growth. Even at the southern-most biogeographical limit, they form a very interesting ecosystem for the coastal region of the Parana state in the rich southern region of Brazil. Yet, the land around the Bay of Paranaguâ is rife with unequal development, which has a direct or indirect impact on the living conditions of coastal communities and/or threatens the existence of the mangroves. In the mountainous county to the north of the bay, tough conservation laws prohibit the exploitation of ecosystems and prevent extraction, which could be used to improve the precarious living conditions of local populations. This strategy contrasts with the urbanization of the south part of the bay, which is strategically situated beetween the 'altiplano' and the ocean front, where virgin mangroves are being annexed for urban development. Socially disfavored populations are excluded from this development and are increasingly confined to the urban mangroves. In this study, we show how, economically, legally and scientifically, the simplified view of the mangrove environment actually legitimizes current economic, social and cultural inequalities. The local and regional functioning of the ecosystem is analyzed from a biogeographical perspective. Scientific and legislative solutions are proposed that reconcile the survival of local populations with the survival of the ecosystem in which they live.Les mangroves de la baie de Paranaguâ sont au coeur de notre intérêt pour la problématique de l'environnement et du développement durable. Elles représentent, même en regard de leur limite méridionale biogéographique, un écosystème d'intérêt notable pour la région littorale du Parana (l'un des états de la riche région Sud du Brésil). Le territoire de la baie de Paranaguâ est cependant le siège de modalités inégales de développement dont les effets, directs ou non, affectent les conditions de vie des communautés littorales et/ou menacent la mangrove de disparition. Dans la grande commune montagneuse, amphibie et aquatique du fond du Nord de la Baie, la politique de préservation radicale prohibant tout usage des écosystèmes, inhibe les activités d'extraction qui pourraient améliorer les conditions de vie précaires des populations riveraines. Cette stratégie s'oppose à une politique d'urbanisation de la partie sud dont l'ouverture économique est dirigée vers les plateaux et la façade océanique. Il en résulte une annexion des mangroves, puis une marginalisation des populations socialement défavorisées vers ces mangroves devenues à moitié urbaines. Les auteurs démontrent que la perception simplificatrice de "l'environnement mangrove" dans la baie de Paranaguâ - contexte économique, juridique et scientifique- légitime en quelque sorte les inégalités économiques, sociales et culturelles actuelles. Ils analysent le fonctionnement local et régional de l'écosystème sous un angle biogéographique et proposent des moyens technico-juridiques pour remédier à ces conflits afin de concilier la survie des populations locales avec celle des écosystèmes qui les abritent.Martin Florence, Maria Zanoni Magda. Conflits d'usage sur les mangroves de la baie de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brésil. Urbanisation et préservation ou utilisation rationnelle des ressources ?. In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 36ᵉ année, bulletin n°2,1994. Phytogéographie tropicale : réalités et perspectives. Propos d'ethnobiologie, sous la direction de Jacques Barrau et Bernadette Lizet. pp. 237-260
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
De agricultoras a camponesas: o movimento de mulheres camponesas de Santa Catarina e suas práticas
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política.O objetivo desta tese foi estudar o momento atual do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas de Santa Catarina - MMC/SC, no qual as agricultoras tornam-se camponesas. Para isso busquei sua história, nas três décadas de existência deste movimento, passando pelas diversas fases do MMC. Busquei abranger os aspectos mais importantes para o entendimento do que está presente nesta mudança de nome, como o conceito de campesinato, desde sua concepção clássica até concepção adota pelas mulheres. Também o feminismo e o ecofeminismo como conceitos básicos neste momento, especialmente o ecofeminismo por compor o modelo de agricultura camponesa propagado pelo MMC. Nesse contexto surgem também conceitos como agroecologia, segurança alimentar, soberania alimentar que se mesclam neste conjunto que compõem os discursos e práticas do MMC, como a recuperação de sementes crioulas trazendo para o cotidiano a vivência do que representa tanto a segurança como também a soberania alimentar.The purpose of this dissertation was to study the current status of the Peasant Women's Movement in Santa Catarina - the MMC/SC. To achieve that, I looked into the organization's thirty-year history to understand the different stages it has gone through. One of the most important moments was in 2004, when the name of the movement was changed from Movimento de Mulheres Agricultoras (Farming Women's Movement) to MMC (Peasant Women's Movement), a change that requires a deep understanding of what peasantry means, from its classical conception to that which is adopted by the women under study. It was also necessary to delve deeper into the concepts of feminism and ecofeminism, particularly the latter, since these are key elements (whether conscious or not) of the peasant farming model that is promoted by the MMC in opposition to capitalist agriculture ou agrobusiness. Against this backdrop, other concepts stand out, such as agroecology, food security and food sovereignty, and intertwine in the set of discourses and practices of the MMC, as in, for instance, the recovery of criole seeds which brings into daily life the meaning of food security and sovereignty
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