186,390 research outputs found
Cephaloflexa Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet 2003, comb. n.
No full textGenus Cephaloflexa Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003 Cephaloflexa nataliae (Froehlich, 1959) comb. n.Published as part of Fernando Carbayo, Marta Álvarez-Presas, Cĺaudia T. Olivares, Fernando P. L. Marques, Eud Óxia M. Froehlich & Marta Riutort, 2013, Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions, pp. 508-528 in Zoologica Scripta 42 on page 521, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.39981
Geoplana ficki Amaral, Oliveira & Leal-Zanchet, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textGeoplana ficki sp. nov. Amaral & Leal-Zanchet Geoplana sp. 8: Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2000 Geoplana sp. 6: Fick, Leal-Zanchet & Vieira, 2006 Geoplana sp. 6: Baptista, Fick, Matos & Leal-Zanchet, 2006 Etymology. the specific name is in honor of MSc. Israel Alberto Fick and his collaboration in collecting various specimens of land planarians which were deposited in the scientific collection of the Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias (UNISINOS). Type material. Holotype: MZUSP PL.01146: I. A. Fick, leg. 12.VIII. 1999, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—anterior tip: transverse sections on 151 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 175 slides; pre-pharyngeal region 1: transverse sections on 48 slides; pre-pharyngeal region 2: transverse sections on 127 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 212 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 60 slides. Paratypes: MZU PL.00101: M. Cardoso, leg. 03.IV. 1998, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—anterior tip: transverse sections on 60 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 29 slides; posterior region to ovaries: sagittal sections on 120 slides; pre-pharyngeal region; transverse sections on 32 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 139 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 50 slides; MZU PL 00102: A. M. Leal- Zanchet, coll. 04.V. 1998, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—pre-pharyngeal region; transverse sections on 29 slides pharynx: sagittal sections on 61 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 40 slides; MZU PL.00103: I. A. Fick, leg. 02.IX. 1998, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—copulatory apparatus: horizontal sections on 117 slides; MZU PL.00104: I. A. Fick, leg. 29.XI. 1999, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—preserved in ethanol 70 º; MZU PL.00105: I. A. Fick, leg. 26. III. 2000: Cambará do Sul, RS, Brazil—anterior tip: sagittal sections on 106 slides; MZU PL.00106: I. A. Fick, leg. 24.X. 2000, Praia Grande, SC, Brazil—anterior tip: transverse sections on 47 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 23 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 92 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 71 slides; MZU PL.00107: I. A. Fick, leg. 11.XII. 2000, Cambará do Sul, RS, Brazil—pre-pharyngeal region; transverse sections on 112 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 178 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 244 slides; MZU PL.00108: I. A. Fick, leg. 11.XII. 2000, Cambará do Sul, RS, Brazil—preserved in ethanol 70 º; MZU PL.00110: A. M. Leal-Zanchet, coll. 06.VIII. 2002, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—preserved in ethanol 70 º; MZU PL.00111: P. K. Boll, leg. 24.II. 2010, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil—anterior tip: transverse sections on 68 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: transverse sections on 82 slides; posterior region to ovaries: transverse sections on 117 slides; copulatory apparatus: horizontal sections on 185 slides. Type locality. São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Distribution. Santa Catarina (Praia Grande) and Rio Grande do Sul (Cambará do Sul, São Francisco de Paula), Brazil. Diagnosis. body broad and flat, anterior end pointed, posterior end gradually narrowed. Live specimens with dorsum brown or greenish-brown to the naked eye and venter orange to light brown with dark contour. Eyes dorsal, with inconspicuous clear halos; sensory pits in the first third of the body; conspicuous glandular margin with three types of secretory cells; mc:h, 8 %– 11 %; pharynx collar-form; very short esophagus; esophagus: pharynx ratio, 2 %– 7 %; anteriormost testes anterior to ovaries, most posterior ones near to root of pharynx; sperm ducts open laterally into anterior end of prostatic vesicle; prostatic vesicle tubular, mainly extrabulbar, consisting of two portions, a forked and short proximal portion and an unpaired distal portion which loops dorsally and posteriorly, entering the bulbar muscular coat; male atrium short, with the entire cavity occupied by the conical penis papilla which extends into the female atrium; straight ejaculatory duct opens through the tip of the almost symmetrical papilla; ovovitelline ducts emerging, dorsally and laterally displaced, from posterior third of ovaries, and ascending behind gonopore; common glandular ovovitelline duct short; vagina as a dorso-anteriorly curved ental portion of female atrium; female atrium elongate, with ample lumen; male atrium shorter than female atrium; length of female atrium, 123 % that of male one; straight gonopore canal; no folds separating male and female atria. Description. External morphology: Body broad and flat, anterior end pointed, posterior end gradually narrowed (Figs. 1–2). When crawling, maximum length reaches 231mm (Table 1). Mouth distance from anterior tip varies from 52 % to 77 %; gonopore between 70 % and 88 %, relative to body length (Table 1). Live specimens with brown dorsum, sometimes greenish-brown, usually seeming homogeneous to the naked eye. Some specimens with pale greenish-gray dorsum, with numerous fine black spots under moderate magnification (Fig. 1 – 3). In preserved specimens dorsal colour fades, becoming light brown. Under the stereomicroscope, dorsal ground-colour pale brown or greenish gray covered by dense dark-brown or black pigmentation. Venter orange to light brown with dark contour, becoming grayish or pale brown in preserved specimens. Eyes uniserially surround anterior tip, becoming large and irregular in distribution immediately after the tip. Approximately after 0.5 mm and 1 mm from the tip (about 1 % and 2 % of body length), respectively, they form two and three series. After 3 mm or 4 mm (about 5 % or 7 % of body length), they also extend slightly dorsad and are surrounded by inconspicuous halos, being more abundant about 15 mm from the tip in paratype MZU PL.00110 (ca. 25 % of body length). They occupy the maximum width of 3 mm on each side of the body (about 33 % of body width in paratype MZU PL.00110) (Fig. 4). Towards posterior end, they become less numerous. Internal morphology. Anterior region: Sensory pits, as simple invaginations, about 35 µm to 65 µm deep, contouring anterior tip, occurring initially at intervals of approximately 25 µm, posteriorly become gradually sparser until they disappear approximately 30 mm from anterior tip (30 % of body length in paratype MZU PL.00111). Eyes contour the anterior tip in a single row, then run along both sides of the body (two to three eyes on each side). Eyes 28 µm to 48 µm diameter. Cutaneous musculature arrangement similar to that of pre-pharyngeal region (see next section), but thinner close to the tip; longitudinal fibers absent or very weak on first 0.4 mm of body length. Mesenchymal musculature, poorly developed on anterior tip, mainly comprising crossed fibers between ventral cutaneous musculature and margins of body; transverse sub-intestinal layer, together with some transverse supraintestinal and dorsoventral fibers appear about 0.4 mm after anterior tip. Rhabditogen cells absent on first 260 µm of body length. Ventral epidermis receives weakly stained cyanophil cells with granular secretion, abundant erythrophil cells with granular secretion, and numerous xanthophil cells with granular secretion. Dorsal epidermis receives weakly stained cyanophil cells with amorphous secretion and sparse rhabditogen cells on first 1.1 mm of body length (1 % of body length in paratype MZU PL.00111). Secretory cells absent on sensorial border, except cyanophil cells. Xanthophil and erythrophil cells become more numerous on body margins, forming the glandular margin, approximately 0.4 mm from tip. Epidermis and musculature at pre-pharyngeal region (Fig. 5):Creeping sole broad, occupying 82 % to 90 % of body width (Table 1). Three types of secretory cells open through dorsal epidermis and body margins: (1) numerous rhabditogen cells with xanthophil secretion and less frequent (2) weakly cyanophil cells with fine granular secretion and (3) erythrophil cells with fine granular secretion. Creeping sole receives abundant cells with weakly cyanophil amorphous secretion, rhabditogen cells, and erythrophil cells with fine granular secretion, less numerous. Glandular margin conspicuous, comprising numerous cells with coarse granular erythrophil secretion and cells with coarse granular xanthophil secretion; cells with coarse granular cyanophil secretion, cells with fine erythrophil secretion, as well as cells with mixed secretion (periphery cyanophil with a central erythrophil core) less numerous. Cutaneous musculature tripartite (circular, oblique and longitudinal muscle layers), longitudinal layer with thick bundles. Mc:h 8 % to 11 % (Table 2). Mesenchymal musculature comprised mainly of transverse, oblique, and dorsoventral fibres. Supra-intestinal and sub-intestinal muscle layers, each about 5–6 fibres thick, comprised of transverse muscle fibres. Longitudinal fibers are indiscernible. Pharynx (Fig. 6): Pharynx collar-form. Mouth located in mid-third of pharyngeal pouch. Esophagus very short, lined with ciliated columnar epithelium presenting some insunk nuclei and cyanophil secretory cells with cell bodies in mesenchyme; with muscularis of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibers. Esophagus: pharynx ratio, 2 %– 7 %. Pharyngeal glands with cell bodies located in mesenchyme, mainly anteriorly to pharyngeal pouch. Three secretory cell types: (1) cells with fine granular erythrophil secretion (1 μm); (2) cells with cyanophil amorphous secretion, and (3) less numerous cells with fine granular xanthophil secretion. Pharyngeal outer musculature (ca. 65 µm thick) comprised of thin subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by a thicker circular one, mixed internally with few longitudinal fibers. Circular and longitudinal muscle layers become very thin towards pharyngeal margins. Inner pharyngeal musculature (ca. 110 µm thick) comprises a thick circular subepithelial layer, mixed with some longitudinal fibers. Inner musculature gradually thins down towards pharyngeal tip. Reproductive apparatus: Testes in two irregular rows dorsal to the intestinal branches, on each side of the body extend from anterior of the ovaries to just anterior of the pharynx (Table 1, Fig. 5). Pre-pharyngeally, sperm ducts, subdivided in two or three ductules, dorsal to ovovitelline ducts, medianlly displaced. Lateral to pharynx these form spermiducal vesicles, opening laterally into anterior end of prostatic vesicle (Figs. 7, 8, 14). Prostatic vesicle of two portions: a short, tubular and forked proximal portion, and an unpaired distal portion which loops dorsally and then posteriorly, then enters the bulbar muscular coat and continues into the ejaculatory duct (Figs. 11, 13, 14). Ejaculatory duct traverses the long, almost symmetrical penis papilla to open through its tip. Male atrium oval-elongate, with the entire cavity occupied by the penis papilla which extends into female atrium (Table 1, Figs. 7–12). Sperm ducts lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium, with thin muscularis (ca. 10 µm thick) comprised mainly of circular fibers. Prostatic vesicle lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium. Numerous weakly cyanophil cells with amorphous secretion and less abundant xanthophil cells with granular secretion, both with bodies lying in mesenchyme, mainly around vesicle, open into both portions of vesicle. Muscularis of vesicle (25–40 µm) comprised of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibers. Ejaculatory duct lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, receiving numerous openings from secretory cells with amorphous, weakly cyanophil secretion and bodies in the surrounding mesenchyme. Muscularis (ca. 10 µm thick) comprised mainly of circular fibers. Penis papilla lined with columnar, non-ciliated epithelium, diminishing very slightly in height towards its tip. Three types of secretory cells run longitudinally in papilla, with numerous openings through its lining epithelium: (1) numerous cells with fine densely arranged granular erythrophil secretion; (2) less numerous cells with granular mixed secretion (cyanophil peripheral part and erythrophil central core); and (3) cells with cyanophil amorphous secretion. Erythrophil cells with cell bodies external to common muscle coat; cells with mixed secretion and cyanophil secretion, with intrabulbar or intrapapillar cell bodies. Muscularis (50 µm) composed of a circular subepithelial layer and a longitudinal subjacent layer; thinner towards the tip of papilla. Longitudinal, radial and oblique muscle fibers cross papilla. Epithelial lining of male atrium, columnar (30 µm), non-ciliated, becoming ciliated ventrally near to gonopore. Epithelial cells with xanthophil apical secretion, higher distally. Three types of secretory cells, with cell bodies internal to common muscle coat, empty through the epithelium: cells with cyanophil amorphous secretion, cells with granular mixed secretion (cyanophil peripheral part and erythrophil central core), and cells with fine granular xanthophil secretion. Muscularis (40 µm) comprised of circular subepithelial fibers and subjacent longitudinal fibres. Ovaries oval-elongate with a long posterior projection, measuring 1.0 mm anterior-posteriorly and 0.15 mm dorso-ventrally in the holotype. Ovovitelline ducts emerge dorsally and laterally displaced from posterior third of ovaries, then recurve immediately dorsal to nerve plate. Behind gonopore, ovovitelline ducts ascend posteriorly and medially inclined, to unite dorsally to the ental part of female atrium (proflex dorsal approach), thus forming a short common glandular ovovitelline duct. Ental portion of female atrium presents a short, dorso-anteriorly curved diverticulum (vagina) (Table 1). Female atrium oval-elongate in shape (Figs. 7–12). Length of female atrium 123 % of male atrium length in the holotype (Table 1). Paired ovovitelline ducts and common oviduct lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, with muscularis comprising mainly circular fibers with some interposed longitudinal fibers. Shell glands with xanthophil secretion open into distal ascending portion of paired ovovitelline ducts and common glandular ovovitelline duct. Female atrium lined with very thick epithelium, with multilayered aspect, irregular in height (Figs. 9, 10, 12), up to 150 µm, reducing in height in vagina (maximum 95 µm), changing to a ciliated columnar epithelium in its ental portion. Epithelial cells of female atrium and vagina with xanthophil apical secretions. Secretions within female atrium derived from numerous cells with granular xanthophil secretion, less numerous secretory cells with cyanophil amorphous secretion, together with cells with a granular mixed secretion (cyanophil peripheral part and erythrophil central core). Epithelium of vagina receives three secretions: abundant cyanophil and mixed (peripheral cyanophil with erythrophil central core) secretions from cells external to the common muscularis, and xanthophil secretions from subepithelial glands. Muscularis of female atrium and vagina of similar thickness (20–45 µm) to that of the male atrium, comprising interwoven circular and longitudinal fibers. Gonopore canal approximately vertical in sagittal plane. Male and female atria with ample communication, without folds separating them (Figs. 8–10). Gonopore canal lined with ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous openings of rhabidtogen cells, cells with cyanophil amorphous secretion, and scattered cells with granular erythrophil secretion. Muscularis of circular fibers with subjacent longitudinal fibers. Common muscle coat thin with circular, longitudinal and oblique fibers surrounding male and female atria, separated from the atrial muscularis by a poorly developed stroma with variously oriented muscle fibers. Vitellaria, situated between intestinal branches, open into the ovovitelline ducts. Remarks. The dorsum in paratypes MZU PL.00102 and MZU PL.00111 was olivaceous-brown covered with abundant, irregular dark-grey spots. Vitellaria, well-developed in the holotype and paratype MZU PL.00103, were, together with the shell glands, inconspicuous in paratypes MZU PL.00101, MZU PL.00102 and MZU PL.00106, thereby indicating incomplete maturity in these specimens. Although the testes in paratype MZU PL.00107 were small, the vitellaria and shell glands were well-developed. Testes were small in paratypes MZU PL.00102 and MZU PL.00106. In the former these began posterior to the ovaries, probably through incomplete development. Although the female and male atria in four specimens (MZU PL.00102, MZU PL.00103, MZU PL.00106, and MZU PL.00111) were of almost the same length, this was not so in the holotype and two other paratypes (MZU PL.00101 and MZU PL.00107, see table 1). The holotype and paratype MZU PL.00106 show pathological features (Fig. 15) represented by encysted stages of a parasite, possibly metacercariae.Published as part of Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do, Oliveira, Simone Machado De & Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria, 2012, Three new species of land flatworms and comments on a complex of species in the genus Geoplana Stimpson (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 3338 on pages 3-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28135
Paraba aurantia Marques & Hartmann & Valiati & Leal-Zanchet 2022, sp. nov.
No full textParaba aurantia Marques & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 70C8C653-A1AE-441C-9038-CCD14343232A Etymology: The specific name is a Latin adjective (aurantius) and refers to the orangish dorsal ground colour. Type-material. Holotype: MZUSP PL. 2286: leg. J. Peres, 25 October 2019, Bodoquena (municipal leisure area of Bodoquena), state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil —anterior tip: transverse sections on 10 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on six slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 11 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 12 slides. Paratypes: MZU PL. 00319: leg. A. Marques, 24 May 2019, Bodoquena (municipal leisure area of Bodoquena), state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil —pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on six slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on five slides. MZU PL. 00320: leg. A. Marques, 27 May 2019, Bonito (National Park of Serra da Bodoquena), state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil —anterior tip: transverse sections on two slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on two slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on four slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on four slides. Diagnosis. Species of Paraba showing dorsal surface orangish with a wide black median longitudinal band; eyes spreading onto the dorsal surface, including the cephalic region; glandular margin absent; pharynx cylindrical; oesophagus long; prostatic vesicle extrabulbar, tubular and twisted, consisting of two portions: proximal portion with short asymmetrical branches, and main distal portion unforked, C-shaped; female atrium oval-elongate and with ample lumen lined by a low epithelium with stratified appearance; male and female atria with ample communication. Type-locality: Bonito, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Distribution: Known only from areas of semideciduous Forest from the municipalities of Bonito and Bodoquena, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Description External features. Body elongate with parallel margins, subcylindrical in cross-section; anterior end rounded and posterior end pointed (Figs. 6–9). Maximum length reached 30 mm when creeping and 22 mm after fixation. Mouth at posterior half of body and gonopore at posterior third of body (Table 1). Alive, dorsum orangish covered by a wide black median band (Figs. 6–7, 9), without reaching the body tips. Ventral surface pale-yellow with orangish body margins; small brownish spots contour the anterior tip (Figs. 7–8). After fixation, dorsal colour fades (Fig. 9); ventral colour remains. Eyes, uniserially arranged and monolobate (with pigment cups 16–22 μm in diameter), surround the anterior tip. After that, these monolobate eyes remain along the body margins, whereas bilobate eyes (with pigment cups of 14–22 μm in diameter) spread onto almost the whole dorsal surface of the body, including the dorsal surface of the cephalic region of the body (Figs. 10–12). Towards the posterior end, eyes gradually become slightly sparser. Clear halos surround the dorsal eyes in the holotype, being inconspicuous in paratype MZU PL. 00320. Sensory organs, epidermis and body musculatures. Sensory pits (Figs. 13–14), as simple invaginations (about 22–30 µm), contour anterior tip and occur ventromarginally in an irregular, single row in the first 3 mm of the body (approximately 13% of body length, in the paratype MZU PL. 00320). Creeping sole occupies the entire body width (Table 2) in pre-pharyngeal region. Three types of glands discharge through whole epidermis of pre-pharyngeal region (Figs. 15–16): numerous rhabditogen glands with xanthophil secretion, xanthophil glands with finely granular secretion and cyanophil glands with amorphous secretion. Rhabditogen glands are scarce and show small rhabdites in the creeping sole. There is no glandular margin. Glands discharging through the anterior tip of the body are similar to those of the pre-pharyngeal region. Cutaneous musculature with the usual three layers in Geoplaninae (circular, oblique and longitudinal), with longitudinal layer organized in thick discrete bundles (Figs. 15–18). Musculature slightly thicker medially than laterally, becoming progressively thinner towards body margins. Ventral musculature with similar thickness as the dorsal musculature in the holotype and paratype MZU PL. 00319 and slightly thicker than the dorsal musculature in paratype MZU PL. 00320 (Table 2). In cephalic region, cutaneous musculature similar to that of pre-pharyngeal region, gradually diminishing in thickness towards the anterior tip. Mc:h varying between, approximately, 8% and 9% (Table 2). Mesenchymal musculature (Figs. 15–18) poorly developed, mainly composed of three layers: (1) dorsal subcutaneous decussate oblique muscles (about 6 fibres thick), located close to the cutaneous longitudinal muscle bundles; (2) supra-intestinal transverse muscles (about 8 fibres thick); and (3) sub-intestinal transverse muscles (about 6 fibres thick). In addition, there are scattered dorsoventral fibres and ventral subcutaneous oblique fibres. The mesenchymal musculature of the cephalic region (Fig. 13) is slightly less developed than in the pre-pharyngeal region. Pharynx. Pharynx cylindrical, about 7% of body length, with folded walls and dorsal insertion slightly displaced posteriorly with respect to the ventral insertion, located in the anterior third of the pharyngeal pouch (Fig. 19). The pharynx occupies about 96% of the pharyngeal pouch. Mouth located in the median third of the pharyngeal pouch. Oesophagus long; oesophagus:pharynx ratio 25%. Pharynx and pharyngeal lumen lined by ciliated, columnar epithelium with insunk nuclei. Pharyngeal glands constituted by three gland types: numerous xanthophil glands with coarse granules and cyanophil glands with fine granules, as well as less numerous erythrophil glands with coarse granules. Outer pharyngeal musculature (7–10 µm thick) comprised of a subepithelial layer of longitudinal fibres, followed by a circular layer. Inner pharyngeal musculature (12–50 µm thick) composed of a thick subepithelial layer with circular fibres, mixed with a few longitudinal. Both musculatures become thinner towards pharyngeal tip. Reproductive organs. Testes arranged uniserially on either side of the body and located beneath the dorsal transverse mesenchymal muscles and between intestinal branches (Figs. 15, 18). They arise slightly anterior to the ovaries, in the anterior third of the body, and extend to near the root of the pharynx (Table 1). Sperm ducts dorso-lateral to ovovitelline ducts in the pre-pharyngeal region (Figs. 15, 18). They form spermiducal vesicles laterally to the pharynx. Distally, spermiducal vesicles extend to the penis bulb, recurve anteriorly, being slightly asymmetrical as they approach and open into the proximal forked parts of the prostatic vesicle (Figs. 20–21, 23–24). Prostatic vesicle extrabulbar, tubular and twisted, consisting of two portions: proximal region with short, slightly asymmetrical branches, oriented obliquely and located ventrally to the main portion; main distal portion unforked and C-shaped (Figs. 20–24). The main portion of the prostatic vesicle narrows before entering the common muscle coat and becomes slightly sinuous inside the penis bulb. Ejaculatory duct almost straight, opening at the tip of the penis papilla. Penis papilla of protrusible type conical and symmetrical, occupying almost the whole male atrium (Figs. 20–23). Sperm ducts lined with ciliated, cuboidal epithelium and coated with a thin muscularis (2–8 µm thick) constituted mainly by circular fibres. Prostatic vesicle lined with ciliated, columnar epithelium. Muscle coat of prostatic vesicle (22–37 µm thick) comprises longitudinal, circular and oblique intermingled fibres. Numerous glands with finely granular erythrophil secretions of two types, one with loosely arranged granules and the other with densely arranged granules, open into the prostatic vesicle. Ejaculatory duct lined with ciliated, columnar epithelium, receiving amorphous, slightly cyanophil secretion. This duct is coated mainly with circular muscle fibres (10–30 µm thick). Penis papilla and male atrium lined with non-ciliated, cuboidal to columnar epithelium with abundant openings of erythrophil glands with coarsely granular secretion, besides cyanophil glands with finely granular secretion. In addition, xanthophil glands with coarsely granular secretion open through the lining epithelium of the penis papilla. Erythrophil glands scarcer in the male atrium walls. Muscularis of penis papilla and male atrium (5–15 µm thick) constituted of a subepithelial circular layer followed by a subjacent longitudinal layer. Vitellaria well developed in the holotype, less developed in other specimens, situated between intestinal branches. Ovaries oval-elongate, approximately three times longer than wide, measuring 0.2–0.3 mm in the anteroposterior axis. They are located dorsal to the ventral nerve plate, in the anterior third of the body (Table 2; Figs. 15, 17). Ovovitelline ducts emerge dorsally from the anterior end of the ovaries and run posteriorly immediately above the nerve plate (Figs. 15, 17). Ascending portion of the ovovitelline ducts located laterally to the gonopore (Figs. 20–21). Common glandular ovovitelline duct short (about 60 µm in length), located dorsally to the female atrium, entering the common muscle coat in a postflex posterior approach, to open into the ental portion of the female canal (Figs. 20–22, 25). The female genital duct is a dorso-anteriorly curved diverticulum of the female atrium (Figs. 20–22). Female atrium oval-elongate, with ample lumen, narrowing laterally. Male and female atria show ample communication in the holotype, but folds protrude from the dorsal and ventral walls of these atria, partially separating them, in paratype MZU PL. 00320, which seems to be contracted (Figs. 20–23). Female atrium almost as long as male atrium (Table 1). Ovovitelline ducts and common ovovitelline duct lined with ciliated, cuboidal epithelium, covered with intermingled circular and longitudinal muscle fibres. Shell glands with erythrophil secretion empty into the common glandular ovovitelline duct as well as into the distal section of the ovovitelline ducts (Figs. 20–22, 25–26). The female canal and the distal portion of the female atrium are lined by a ciliated epithelium with pseudostratified appearance, whereas the proximal portion of the female atrium is lined by an epithelium with stratified appearance (Figs. 20–23, 25–27), which is low (10–30 µm high). Three types of secretory cells open through the epithelium of the female atrium and canal: cyanophil glands with finely granular secretion, cyanophil glands with coarsely granular secretion and sparser erythrophil glands with finely granular secretion. Muscularis of the female canal (10–30 µm) thicker than that of the female atrium (10–27 µm), both of them comprised of a thin layer of circular fibres followed by a layer of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibres. Gonoduct vertical at the sagittal plane (Figs. 20–22, 24, 26), lined with ciliated, columnar epithelium and coated with a subepithelial layer of circular fibres, followed by a layer of longitudinal fibres. Common muscle coat thin, with circular, longitudinal and oblique intermingled fibres. Comparative discussion. Paraba aurantia Marques & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. shows the diagnostic characteristics of the genus, such as cylindrical pharynx, penis papilla protrusible and conical and female atrium lined with epithelium of multi-layered aspect (Carbayo et al. 2013). The new species has eyes spreading over the dorsum and a forked prostatic vesicle, a combination of characteristics that is found in four other species of this genus, namely Paraba caapora (Froehlich, 1958), P. gaucha (Froehlich, 1959), P. multicolor (Graff, 1899) and P. pankaru Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2019 (Froehlich 1958; 1959; Negrete & Brusa 2017; Amaral et al. 2019). Thus, in the following comparative discussion, we discuss P. aurantia in relation to these four species. With an orangish dorsum covered by a single and wide black median band, P. aurantia differs from P. caapora, which has a light-brown dorsum with dark patches (Froehlich 1958). The new species also differs from P. gaucha and P. multicolor, which show various longitudinal stripes and/or bands, as well as from P. pankaru that has a black dorsum with a yellowish transverse band (Froehlich 1959; Negrete & Brusa 2017; Amaral et al. 2019). In addition, P. aurantia has eyes spreading onto the dorsal surface of the body, including the cephalic region, a characteristic that is seldom found in Geoplaninae. Regarding the copulatory apparatus, P. aurantia shows a tubular and twisted prostatic vesicle with a C-shaped distal portion and short, slightly asymmetrical proximal branches. Therefore, it can be differentiated from P. caapora, P. multicolor and P. gaucha, which have the distal portion of the prostatic vesicle almost straight (Froehlich 1958, 1959; Negrete & Brusa 2017). Besides, the proximal portions are large and globular in P. caapora and P. multicolor, differing from the short branches in P. aurantia. In contrast, P. pankaru has a prostatic vesicle with a more twisted distal portion (Amaral et al. 2019), showing an ampler lumen in comparison to P. aurantia. In addition, P. aurantia shows a female atrium with ample lumen, lined by a pseudostratified epithelium in its distal and median thirds and an epithelium with multi-layered appearance in the proximal portion of the atrium, which is lower than in other species of Paraba. In contrast, other species of this genus shows a female atrium with narrow lumen, which is lined by a tall epithelium with a multi-layered aspect in some species, such as P. multicolor and P. pankaru, at least in the proximal third or half of the female atrium, whereas most species show almost the entire atrium with this lining, narrowing the lumen of this atrium.Published as part of Marques, Alessandro Damasceno, Hartmann, Alef, Valiati, Victor Hugo & Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria, 2022, Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil, pp. 301-330 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 305-313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/730697
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A new species of land planarian split off from <i>Luteostriata ernesti</i> (Leal-Zanchet & Froehlich, 2006) based on an integrative approach
No full textThe genus Luteostriata Carbayo, 2010, currently comprises 10 species distributed in southeastern and southern Brazil. Species of this genus represent a taxonomic challenge because many have very similar external and internal features. Some species were described based on specimens from many localities using anatomical and histological features without phylogenetical analyses, such as Luteostriata ernesti, known from various localities in southeastern and southern Brazil. We conducted an integrative taxonomic approach of southeastern and southern specimens of L. ernesti, performing morphological analyses and using two molecular markers. Our results reveal that there are at least two clades (southeastern and southern) under the designation L. ernesti, and phylogenetic analyses show that they are not sister groups. Thus, we took the taxonomic decision to describe a new species, Luteostriata dissimilis Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov., which is split off from L. ernesti based on specimens of the southern clade. The phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship between Luteostriata dissimilis and Luteostriata muelleri and indicate that Luteostriata ernesti is more closely related to Luteostriata caissara. Our results also indicate that species delineation may be the first approach to understanding the diversity and distribution of species in this genus and that a complete taxonomic revision of Luteostriata species is necessary. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F83EE656-A491-493D-9F25-97413097D007</p
High Resolution Pdf Measurements On Ag Nanoparticles
No full textThe quantitative analysis of structural defects in Ag nanoparticles was addressed in this work. We performed atomic scale structural characterization by a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) using the Pair Distribution Function analysis (PDF) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The XRD measurements were performed using an innovative instrumentation setup to provide high resolution PDF patterns. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.1092102106Rocha, T.C.R., Winnischofer, H., Westphal, E., Zanchet, D., Formation Kinetics of Silver Triangular Nanoplates (2007) J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, p. 2885Petkov, V., Jeong, I.-K., Chung, J.S., Thorpe, M.F., Kycia, S., Billinge, S.J.L., High Real-Space Resolution Measurement of the Local Structure of Ga 1-xIn xAs Using X-Ray Diffraction (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett, 83, pp. 4089-409
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Obama tribalis Marques & Rossi & Valiati & Leal-Zanchet 2018, sp. nov.
No full textObama tribalis sp. nov. Etymology: The specific name, frOm latin tribālis (tribal), refers tO the dOrsal pigmentatiOn which resembles the crOssed stripes pattern Of the tribal style drawings. Type-material. Holotype: MZUSP PL.2140: leg. E. FederOlf, 30 June 2013, Gravataí, state Of RiO Grande dO Sul, Brazil—anteriOr tip: transverse sectiOns On 7 slides; anteriOr regiOn at the level Of the Ovaries: sagittal sectiOns On 42 slides; pre-pharyngeal regiOn: transverse sectiOns On 26 slides; cOpulatOry apparatus: sagittal sectiOns On 43 slides. Paratypes: MZU PL.00287: leg. E. FederOlf, 30 June 2013, Gravataí, state Of RiO Grande dO Sul, Brazil—anteriOr tip: transverse sectiOns On 13 slides; anteriOr regiOn at the level Of the Ovaries: sagittal sectiOns On 10 slides; pre-pharyngeal regiOn: transverse sectiOns On 4 slides; pharynx and cOpulatOry apparatus: sagittal sectiOns On 23 slides. MZU PL.00288: leg. E. FederOlf, 30 June 2013, Gravataí, state Of RiO Grande dO Sul, Brazil—cOpulatOry apparatus: hOrizOntal sectiOns On 12 slides. Diagnosis: species Of Obama with dOrsal grOund cOlOur yellOwish cOvered by irregular flecks, mOre cOncentrated laterally; pharynx cylindrical; prOstatic vesicle with twO pOrtiOns, prOximal pOrtiOn fOrked and glObOse and distal pOrtiOn funnel-shaped; penis papilla lOng, cOnical and symmetrical; male and female atria with slightly fOlded walls, and with ample cOmmunicatiOn. Molecular diagnosis: this species includes all pOpulatiOns that cluster with sequences Of specimens included in this study (GenBank accessiOn numbers MH378885–MH378886) with significant suppOrt in an adequate mOlecular delimitatiOn mOdel. Type-locality. Gravataí, RiO Grande dO Sul (RS), Brazil. Distribution: knOwn Only frOm the type-lOcality, Gravataí, RS, Brazil. Description. External features. BOdy fOliaceOus and dOrsal surface slightly cOnvex; anteriOr and pOsteriOr tips rOunded (Fig. 21). When creeping, maximum length 33 mm. After fixatiOn, maximum length 23 mm. MOuth at third-fOurth Of bOdy and gOnOpOre at pOsteriOr fOurth Of bOdy, in mOst specimens (Table 3). Live specimens with dOrsal grOund cOlOur yellOwish, cOvered by greyish pigmentatiOn in cephalic regiOn (Fig. 21). Blackish pigmentatiOn cOntOurs cephalic regiOn and cOnstitutes irregular flecks Over dOrsal surface, mOre cOncentrated laterally, sOmetimes fOrming a pattern that resembles crOssed stripes at sOme pOints (Figs. 21–23). Median regiOn Of dOrsal surface almOst withOut flecks. Paratype MZU PL. 0 0 287 with mOre abundant Overlaying black pigmentatiOn than hOlOtype (Fig. 22); paratype MZU PL. 0 0 288 with very few irregular flecks Over dOrsal surface (Fig. 21). Ventral surface greyish with yellOwish margins. After fixatiOn, dOrsal grOund cOlOur fades. Eyes, initially mOnOlObate and uniserial, surrOund anteriOr tip (Figs. 24–25). After first millimetre Of bOdy, eyes becOme larger and spread OntO dOrsal surface, Occupying maximum width Of abOut One-third Of bOdy width On either side Of bOdy. Eyes becOme trilObate after One-fifth Of bOdy length and remain dOrsal, but less numerOus tOwards pOsteriOr tip (Fig. 24). IncOnspicuOus clear halOs may Occur arOund dOrsal eyes (Fig. 26). Diameter Of pigment cups abOut 30 µm. Sensory organs, epidermis and body musculature. SensOry pits (Figs. 27–28), as simple invaginatiOns (20–40 µm deep), cOntOur anteriOr tip and Occur ventrOmarginally in irregular, single rOw in anteriOr third Of bOdy. Glands Of three types discharge thrOugh whOle epidermis Of pre-pharyngeal regiOn: rhabditOgen cells with xanthOphil secretiOn (scarcer ventrally and with smaller rhabdites), cyanOphil glands with finely granular secretiOn (Figs. 31–32) and sparser xanthOphil glands with finely granular secretiOn. Creeping sOle Occupies whOle bOdy width. Glands Of at least fOur types cOnstitute the incOnspicuOus glandular margin (Figs. 29, 30), which is nOticeable after first millimetre Of bOdy: numerOus xanthOphil glands and sparser cyanOphil glands, bOth with cOarse granular secretiOns, besides xanthOphil and cyanOphil glands with fine granules. Glands discharging thrOugh anteriOr tip Of bOdy similar tO thOse Of pre-pharyngeal regiOn (Figs. 27–28). CutaneOus musculature with usual three layers (circular, Oblique and lOngitudinal layers); lOngitudinal layer with thick bundles (Figs. 29–32). Thickness Of cutaneOus musculature twO times that Of epidermis (Table 4). Ventral musculature slightly thicker than dOrsal at sagittal plane in pre-pharyngeal regiOn (Table 4). Thickness Of cutaneOus musculature gradually diminishes tOwards bOdy margins and anteriOr tip. Mesenchymal musculature (Figs. 29, 31–32) well develOped, mainly cOmpOsed Of three layers: (1) dOrsal subcutaneOus, with decussate fibres (abOut 5–7 fibres thick), (2) supra-intestinal transverse (abOut 7–9 fibres thick) and (3) sub-intestinal transverse (abOut 7–13 fibres thick), besides fibres in variOus directiOns. Mesenchymal musculature less develOped in anteriOr regiOn than in pre-pharyngeal regiOn (Fig. 27). Pharynx. Pharynx cylindrical, nearly 7% Of bOdy length, Occupies mOst Of the pharyngeal pOuch (Fig. 33). Pharyngeal insertiOns almOst at same transversal level. MOuth lOcated clOse tO end Of pharyngeal pOuch (Fig. 33). OesOphagus shOrt, with fOlded walls. OesOphagus: pharynx ratiO 11–13%. Reproductive organs. Testes in three irregular rOws On either side Of bOdy, lOcated beneath dOrsal transverse mesenchymal muscles, between intestinal branches (Figs. 29, 31), begin slightly anteriOrly tO Ovaries, in anteriOr third Of bOdy, and extend tO near rOOt Of pharynx (Table 3). Sperm ducts dOrsal tO OvOvitelline ducts, under Or amOng fibres Of sub-intestinal transverse mesenchymal musculature, in pre-pharyngeal regiOn (Fig. 32). Spermiducal vesicles, lOcated pOsteriOrly tO pharynx, enter laterally intO prOximal pOrtiOn Of prOstatic vesicle (Figs. 35–36). PrOstatic vesicle, extrabulbar, lOcated near cOmmOn muscle cOat, with twO pOrtiOns. PrOximal pOrtiOn fOrked and glObOse (Figs. 36, 38–39), being clOser tO ventral epidermis than tO dOrsal epidermis (hOlOtype and paratype MZU PL. 00288) Or equally distant tO bOth epidermis (paratype MZU PL. 00287). Distal pOrtiOn pear-shaped (Figs. 35–36). EjaculatOry duct almOst straight, Opening at tip Of penis papilla (Figs. 35–36, 40). Male atrium with slightly fOlded walls. Penis papilla lOng (Table 3), cOnical and symmetrical, sOmetimes prOjecting intO distal pOrtiOn Of female atrium (Figs. 35–38, 40). Glands Opening intO the prOstatic vesicle Of twO types: abundant glands with amOrphOus cyanOphil secretiOn and scarcer glands with finely granular erythrOphil secretiOn (Figs. 38–39); thOse Opening intO ejaculatOry duct with amOrphOus cyanOphil secretiOn. Glands Opening thrOugh the penis papilla and epithelial lining Of male atrium Of three types. Abundant glands with finely granular erythrOphil secretiOn, as well as glands with amOrphOus cyanOphil secretiOn (Figs. 37–40), besides a third type Of gland with xanthOphil secretiOn. The latter usually is finely granular, but changes tO a cOarse granular secretiOn when Opens clOse tO the dOrsal insertiOn Of penis papilla. Muscularis Of the penis papilla and male atrium mainly cOmprised Of circular fibres mixed with sOme lOngitudinal fibres. Vitelline fOllicles (Figs. 29, 31–32, 34) well develOped in all specimens analysed, situated between intestinal branches. Ovaries Oval-elOngate, apprOximately three times lOnger than wide (0.2 mm in its lateral axis), dOrsal tO ventral nerve plate, in anteriOr fOurth Of bOdy (Fig. 34, Table 3). OvOvitelline ducts emerge dOrsally frOm median third Of Ovaries (Fig. 34) and run pOsteriOrly abOve nerve plate, amOng fibres Of sub-intestinal transverse mesenchymal musculature (Fig. 32). Ascending pOrtiOn Of OvOvitelline ducts lOcated lateral tO female atrium (Fig. 35). COmmOn glandular OvOvitelline duct shOrt, lOcated dOrsally tO pOsteriOr third Of female atrium (Figs. 35–37, 41). Female genital duct dOrsO-anteriOrly curved. Female atrium OvOid, shOwing fOlds that narrOw its lumen (Figs. 37, 41), almOst as lOng as male atrium, excepting in paratype MZU PL. 0 0 288 (Table 3). COmmOn muscle cOat pOOrly develOped, with circular, lOngitudinal and Oblique fibres, thicker arOund male atrium than arOund female atrium. Male and female atria with ample cOmmunicatiOn, withOut separating fOlds (Figs. 35–38). GOnOduct vertical at sagittal plane (Figs. 35, 37). Molecular results and phylogenetic analyses. The results frOm the cOmparisOn Of species Of Obama, including sequences dOwnlOaded frOm NCBI, shOwed that the genetic distances are highly divergent amOng specimens. In general, the mean intraspecific variatiOns ranged frOm 0% tO 2.1%, except fOr O. braunsi (2.8%), O. baptistae (4.3%), O. carinata (6.5%) and O. eudoximariae (8.7%). Meanwhile, the mean interspecific divergences vary between> 6% tO 90% and P> 0.95), recOvering the mOnOphyly fOr the currently recOgnized species Of Obama herein analysed (Figs. 42, 43). All phylOgenetic analyses shOwed a sister relatiOnship between bOth new species herein described and O. maculipunctata, which Occurs in areas Of Araucaria FOrest in sOuthern Brazil (ROssi et al. 2015). Accession numbers in GenBank: A (MH378881, MH378882, MH378883, MH37888); B (MH378885, MH378886); C (KP962485.1, KP962481.1, KP962488.1, KP962480.1, KP962454.1, KP962459.1, KP962449.1, KP962448.1, KP962452.1); D (KP962377.1, KP962378.1, KP962354.1, KP962356.1, KP962355.1, KP962373.1, KP962371.1);); E (KT250622.1, KT250623.1); F (KU564135.1, KU564134.1, KU564133.1); G (KU564157.1, KU564214.1); H (KU564163.1, KU564161.1); I (KU564149.1, KU564147.1, KU564145.1, KU564140.1, KU564148.1, KU564138.1, KU564146.1, KU564151.1); J (KU564119.1, KU564118.1); L (KU56413.1, KU56413.1, KU56413.1, KU56412.1); M (KU564152.1); N (KU564126.1); O (KU56415.1, KU564213.1); P (KU564159.1); Q (KT932833.1, KT932832.1); R (KC608318.1, KC608317.1); S (KC60825.1, KC60826.1); T (KP962391.1, KP962387.1, KP962386.1, KP962385.1, KP962390.1); U (KC608246.1, KC608254.1); V (KC608323.1, KC608324.1); W (KM053223.1, KM053214.1; KT714108.1, KT714107.1); X (KC608307.1, KC608304.1); Y (KT250629.1, KT250626.1). * Only one specimen. Notes on ecology and distribution. During inventOries Of land flatwOrms in areas Of Araucaria mOist fOrest lOcated in the states Of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in sOuth Brazil, Obama allandra was fOund Only in its typelOcality, the Araucaria Natural Heritage Private Reserve, state Of Paraná, in a site shOwing an initial stage Of regeneratiOn with pOOrly develOped understOrey (ROssi & Leal-Zanchet 2017). The species shOwed mOderate abundance during bOth day and night samplings between May 2014 and July 2015. Obama tribalis Occurs in an unprOtected, private area belOnging tO an urban envirOnment, lOcated abOut 500km sOuth frOm the type-lOcality Of O. allandra, at the nOrtheast hillside Of RiO Grande dO Sul (sOuthern Brazil). Specimens Of O. tribalis were cOllected during OccasiOnal samplings, withOut standardized effOrt. The vegetatiOn Of the type-lOcality Of O. tribalis is a secOndary fOrest that represents a remnant Of the Original fOrest (semi-deciduOus fOrest), which cOvered the metrOpOlitan regiOn Of POrtO Alegre.Published as part of Marques, Alessandro, Rossi, Ilana, Valiati, Victor Hugo & Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria, 2018, Integrative approach reveals two new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the South-Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 99-126 in Zootaxa 4455 (1) on pages 108-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/145699
- …
