75 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of OSPF and MPLS unicast IP routing on fragmentation / Suraya Zainuddin
No full textMultiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standard architecture proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that integrates label swapping forwarding with network layer routing. It is a promising effort in order to deliver better network performance. MPLS is acknowledged and widely been used to overcome drawbacks introduce by traditional IP routing. This paper discussed on the network performance with the effect of packet fragmentation over IP and MPLS networks. In real implementation, fragmented IPv4 traffic causes a lot of problem such as increase load at router CPUs and also result in poor performance or even total communication failure. In addition, traffic fragmentation is used in numerous network attacks. Thus, we want to avoid the fragmentation at all or ensure the network is insulated from fragmented traffic. However, in some cases when using IPv4 fragmentation is unavoidable. Simulation models were developed using Graphical Network Simulator GNS3 to compare performance of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and MPLS network. Performance is determined by Round-Trip-Time (RTT), calculated throughput and packet loss. Analysis shows different protocols, data sizes and MTUs influence network performance. OSPF provides better RTT and throughput compared to MPLS with default MTU setting. However, better RTT and calculated throughput performance can be achieved by increasing the MTU for interface, IP and MPLS. Finally, the study also indicates packet fragmentation could degrades network performance in both network topologies
Improvement of error parameters in maritime FMCW radar using MIMO / Suraya Zainuddin
No full textThe existing standard maritime radar is serving the need of large vessel tracking. However, it is inadequate for small vessel which has a small radar cross section (RCS) and below the radar line-of-sight. There is a vessel mounted radar in addition to the standard system, which is able to cater for small vessels tracking but limited to single radar coverage. In the event of weak echoes from targets and radar failure, vessels are unavailable to be tracked due to single-input single-output (SISO) application of the radar. Thus, a system with multiple tracking node is required and this study proposed an alternative approach by implementing a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) utilising multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), in detecting vessels. A MIMO FMCW radar processing schemes utilising a diversity of frequency was designed. Multiple frequency was applied for orthogonality between MIMO signals and interval band was introduced, to avoid interference and overlapping between neighbouring sub-bands. A new scheme to combine MIMO received signals was proposed which is termed as spectrum averaging (SA). The SA performs by averaging all FFT magnitudes received from multiple FFT blocks and produces a single frequency spectrum for target estimation, on range or velocity. The design scheme was simulated numerically using Matlab programming, over scenarios of MIMO and SA implementation, interval band application, MIMO nodes expansion and computational complexity. A Monte Carlo simulation was applied to produce a statistical behaviour of the simulated system based on random sampling, on a Swerling 1 target. Simulation results proved the improvement brought by the proposed schemes in terms of error parameter compared to conventional SISO and multi-static configuration. MIMO receiving signals were observed in time and frequency domains. However, an FMCW MIMO complexity increases with incremental number of nodes. Finally, the proposed MIMO testbed was developed and validated experimentally in controlled environment. Observations were also done on the receiving signals and range error parameters in scenarios of MIMO and SA deployment, interval band implementation, MIMO nodes expansion and distributed system. Distance2Go modules were utilised for the proof of concept. Implementation of MIMO with SA and interval band demonstrated improvement in range error parameters. The proposed schemes were found to enhance beat signals energy and increased accuracy in target estimation. Introduction of more MIMO nodes produces improvement of error and an implementation of a distributed system provides the target localisation through the cross-section between multiple nodes coverage. By having one of the attributes, error parameters can be improved, and combination of more than one of the attributes may yield a better performance. Overall, this study produces an effective and possible option through implementation of FMCW MIMO with SA using multiple frequency, in maritime radar. Through realisation of the testbed, a new set of experimental data were acquired and validated with regards to static ground and maritime target
Comparative analysis of packet fragmentation on the MPLS unicast IP routing: article / Suraya Zainuddin
No full textMultiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standard architecture proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that integrates label swapping forwarding with network layer routing. It is a promising effort in order to deliver better network performance. MPLS is acknowledged and widely been used to overcome drawbacks introduce by traditional IP routing. This paper discussed on the network performance with the effect of packet fragmentation over IP and MPLS networks. In real implementation, fragmented IPv4 traffic causes a lot of problem such as increase load at router CPUs and also result in poor performance or even total communication failure. In addition, traffic fragmentation is used in numerous network attacks. Thus, we want to avoid the fragmentation at all or ensure the network is insulated from fragmented traffic. However, in some cases when using IPv4 fragmentation is unavoidable. Simulation models were developed using Graphical Network Simulator GNS3 to compare performance of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and MPLS network. Performance is determined by Round-Trip-Time (RTT), calculated throughput and packet loss. Analysis shows different protocols, data sizes and MTUs influence network performance. OSPF provides better RTT and throughput compared to MPLS with default MTU setting. However, better RTT and calculated throughput performance can be achieved by increasing the MTU for interface, IP and MPLS. Finally, the study also indicates packet fragmentation could degrades network performance in both network topologies
KASHMIRI CIVILIZATION IN SURAYA KHURSHID'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY "CHINAROON KY SAAY"
No full textThe narration of the events of one' s life is called "autobiography". It can also be called autobiography. Speaking of Suraya Khurshid's autobiography "Chinaroon ky Saay", it is a marquee of beautiful memories in which the author has tried to describe the culture and civilization of Kashmir. The conditions and data of Kashmir, civilization and literature, literature and journalism, customs and traditions, arts and culture are described in a very beautiful way.This article presented culture of Kashmim in autobiography of Suraya Khurshid
Maritime radar: a review on techniques for small vessels detection
No full textMaritime radar is an essential technology for observation and tracking systems in various marine applications. In comparison with terrestrial radar systems, maritime radar faces the challenge of large clutter signals, contributed by sea waves. This problem becomes more critical when the system is detecting relatively small vessels, where the probability of detection is reduced due to small radar cross section (RCS) of the vessels themselves. This paper presents a review of recent techniques in maritime radar, developed to overcome this issue, discussing several aspects such as (i) system topology, (ii) radar waveforms, and (iii) detection algorithms. Considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of modern maritime radar detecting small vessels
Maritime radar: a review on techniques for small vessels detection / Suraya Zainuddin … [et al.]
No full textMaritime radar is an essential technology for observation and tracking systems in various marine applications. In comparison with terrestrial radar systems, maritime radar faces the challenge of large clutter signals, contributed by sea waves. This problem becomes more critical when the system is detecting relatively small vessels, where the probability of detection is reduced due to small radar cross section (RCS) of the vessels themselves. This paper presents a review of recent techniques in maritime radar, developed to overcome this issue, discussing several aspects such as (i) system topology, (ii) radar waveforms, and (iii) detection algorithms. Considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of modern maritime radar detecting small vessels
An Analysis of Degree of Comparison in George Eliot’s Novel “Silas Marner : Weaver of Raveloe”
No full textIkrimah Suraya, 2010, An Analysis of Degree of Comparison in George Eliot’s Novel “Silas Marner : Weaver of Raveloe”. Thesis, English Department, Islamic Education Faculty. Advisors : (I) Drs. Saadillah, M.Pd. (II) M. Nur Effendi, S.Ag., SS.,M.Pd.I.
This research is done based on consideration that reading English novel is an extremely important for students who study English language. Novel, as a kind of literary works gives the readers more knowledge about the country where the story taking place, the culture and of course the language it self.
This research is aimed to give an explanation bout the content of novel “Silas Marner : Weaver of Raveloe”, to describe the intrinsic elements of novel, and characters involve in the story. But the problem of this research is the structure or grammar used in the story, especially degree of comparison and its types.
Subject of this research is a classic novel written by a woman author of Victorian era, George Eliot that is “Silas Marner : Weaver of Raveloe”. Object of study is structure or grammar in the novel with the main focus of grammar elements that will be analyzed is degree of comparison.
The research is done by using library research which the steps are : the writer gets observation to library to get and gathered all of written information that relevant with the research problem. Some techniques of data collecting used are reading the novel, comprehend it, and then chooses the data dealing with the problem. Then the writer conducts on survey on the text paragraph and dialogues in the novel. After that the writer takes evidence related to the selected data. The data then be processing with three stages, they are editing, clarifying and listing and finally all the data are analyzed descriptive qualitative and concluded inductively.
The result of this research shows that novel “Silas Marner : Weaver of Ravaloe” tells about a tale of familial love and loyalty, reward and punishment which for whom good gets rewarded and the bad gets punishment, and a humble friendship. There are 36 characters in the novel with only about five characters play dominant in the story, there 226 statement in degree of comparison form. Id divided into three types, they are : 42 statements using positive degree, 147 statements in comparative degree, and 37 statement in superlative degree. And the most used type of degree of comparison in the novel is comparative degree
The classical style: modal analysis of vocal improvisation in Turkey
No full textThis paper concerns the emergence of a new style of vocal
performance in Turkey during the early-Republican period (1923–1938). Developed by the renowned artist Münir Nurettin Selçuk (1899–1981), the new manner of vocal rendition was considered to be ‘classical’ (Tr. ‘klâsik’) in style, a ‘western’ version of an‘eastern’ tradition (then called: ‘alaturka’) suited to the modernist
ideals and the ‘westernizing’ aspirations of the Turkish Republic (founded in 1923). In this paper, the author provides a representative example of the ‘classical’ style. Focusing on a vocal improvisation (gazel) by Selçuk, the author analyses the modal characteristics and the stylistic attributes of a gazel in the makam Nihavend entitled: ‘L’âl Olusun’ by the Ottoman poet Nâcî (1850–1893). Selçuk demonstrates both a traditional knowledge of mode (makam) and a non-traditional interpretation of style (tavır). The paper foregrounds his innovative approach to modal exegesis especially from the perspectives of textual articulation and programmatic embellishment. His close relationship with the instrumental accompanist on the recording, the tanburî Mesut Cemil Tel (1902–1963) is also examined. Through the analysis of ornamental motifs and cadential flourishes in the gazel recording, the author demonstrates how the artist created his version of the ‘classical’ in Turkish classical music
A study of students’ learning styles and mathematics anxiety amongst form four students in Kerian Perak
No full textMathematics interest and self- esteem: a study on gender differences among Pre-University students
No full textConference on Future and Sustainable Education (CFSE 2022)
A Study on Mathematics Interest And Self Esteem By
Gender And Module Among Pre-University Students
Mohd Nazim Mat Nawi 1,*, Norlaili Md Saad1
, Suraya Hassan1
, Nurfatihah
Mohamad Hanafi1
1Department of Mathematics, Centre for Foundation Studies, International Islamic University of Malaysia,
Gambang Campus, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract. Learning is energized by interest, which is an important motivating factor that directs academic and
professional paths and is crucial for academic success. Thus, mathematics interest is critical in motivating students to
achieve well in any mathematical course. Self-esteem is yet another important element that contributes to successful
academic achievement. The aim of the study is to examine the gender differences among pre-university based on
mathematics interest and self-esteem. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 508 students from
1600 Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS), International Islamic University Malysia (IIUM) sciences students who
are taking mathematics in semester 1. 2022/2023. The instrument used was Academic Interest Scale for Adolescents
(AISA), which measures interest in Mathematics, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, which measures self-esteem.
According to the findings, there is almost moderate, direct and positive association between Mathematics interest and
self-esteem. Males scored highly on self-esteem compared to female adolescents, indicating that there are considerable
gender disparities in this area.
Keywords. Pre-university programme; Mathematics interest; Self-esteem; Gender biases
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