165 research outputs found
MENUTUP AURAT BAGIPEREMPUAN (STUDI KOMPARATIF TENTANG PENAFSIRAN MUHMMAD SYAHRUR DAN NASR HAMID ABU ZAID)
No full textAgama Islam merupakan agama yang mengedepankan kemudahan bagi umatnya. Hal itu tidak lain karena ajaran Islam yang dibawa dan disampaikan oleh Nabi Muhammad saw. berupa al-Qur'an berfungsi sebagai rahmatan li al-alamin.
Selain kandungan al-Qur'an secara umum, petunjuk dan praktik nabi juga sangat berperan dalam sosialisasi ajaran Islam, berupa perilaku baik personal maupun sosial beliau. Meskipun Nabi sendiri merupakan representasi al-Qur'an (kana khuluquhu al-Qur'an).
Namun, kemudahan itu seringkali diabaikan oleh umat Islam sendiri, baik dengan cara sengaja menutup diri atau karena tertutup oleh pemahaman dan praktik yang tidak tepat, bahkan salah terhadap ajaran Islam. Adapun faktor menutup diri tersebut bukan saja disebabkan oleh umat Islam yang awam, tetapi justru oleh orang intelek. Sebenamya itu lahir dari niat baik dan sikap kehati-hatian, sekaligus kekhawatiran pada sikap mempermudah ketika dihadapkan kepada realitas masyarakat umum.
Penafsiran ulama dan cendekiawan pun tidak sedikit yang dipengaruhi oleh kecenderungan pribadi yang berkedok kehati-hatian. Dalam hal penafsiran ini, Syahrur dan Abu Zaid mencoba membuka kedok itu dengan memberikan altematif model penafsiran atau pemahaman terhadap ajaran agama. Keduanya berasumsi bahwa penafsiran bukanlah sesuatu yang statis dan final, akan tetapi menuntut dinamisasi sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan pemikiran.
Begitu pula penafsiran tentang menutup aurat bagi perempuan yang notabene-nya merupakan masalah khilafiyyah. Sebagaimana asumsi tersebut, kajian skripsi ini berusaha untuk mengungkapkan altematif penafsiran Syahrur dan Abu Zaid dengan mencoba mengkomparasikan dua penafsiran tentang menutup aurat bagi perempuan, yaitu penafsiran Syaqrur dan penafsiran Abu Zaid.
Menurut Syahrur dengan teori limitnya, perempuan dikatakan menutup aurat secara minimum apabila telah menutup al-juyub yaitu lubang antara dua payudara, bagian bawah payudara, bagian bawah ketiak, kemaluan, dan pantat, dan dianggap berlebih-lebihan apabila melampaui batas maksimum aurat perempuan, yaitu seluruh tubuh kecuali wajah dan telapak tangan dan batas minimumnya adalah bagian-bagian tubuh yang secara alami tidak tampak pada penciptaan,
seperti memnakai cadar. Sedangkan menurut Abu Zaid, di samping menutup organ organ
seksual juga menutup bagian tubuh lain yang dianggap harus ditutupi berdasarkan norma dan sistem sosial yang berlaku. Artinya, perempuan menampilkan dirinya dalam bentuk terhormat, sehingga tidak menimbulkan gangguan sosial.
Dari komparasi itu tersimpulkan bahwa Syahrur, sebagai seorang saintis yang berbasis ilmu eksak, dalam penafsirannya menekankan pada kritik ilmiah rasional sedangkan Abu Zaid, sebagai seorang humanis dengan latar belakang ilmu sosial dan humaniora, menekankan pada kritik sastra-historis. Meskipun dengan penekanan yang berbeda, secara umum Syahrur dan Abu Zaid berusaha mencari solusi atas problem penafsiran klasik dan liberal dengan mencoba menawarkan altematif penafsiran baru dengan penafsiran produktif berdasarkan dinamika zaman
dan nalar keilmuan
The Kasambu Tradition Moral Values Of Muna Ethnic In Southeast Sulawesi
No full textAlong with the development increasingly advanced human civilization, Oral traditions began to be pushed aside, some even became extinct from society. One of the traditions words whose extinction needs to be realized is a kasambu tradition that exists in the Muna tribal community. the author is very interested in discussing the traditions of the Muna tribe of Southeast Sulawesi and the moral values behind these traditions. This research is research qualitative with an ethnographic model. The source of the data is through the literature review source. Kasambu, as is known, is one of the many traditions that exist in Indonesia The Muna ethnic group certainly has a very important role in social life. This tradition still exists today adhered to, complied with and implemented by some Muna society, even in contemporary times has started to experience a shift, like use of sando services during childbirth replaced by medical personnel (midwife or doctor)
Mediações em exposições do MUnA - Museu Universitário de Arte
No full textThis paper presents the study of guided tours at the University Museum
of Art (MUnA) between 1998 and 2011. The study is based on the memories
reported by the tour guides, who are students and teachers of the Visual Art
course of Federal University of Uberlandia. The tour guides reports were
important methodological tools in analyzing the goals, dynamics and strategies
employed in the educational practices of communication between the visitor and
the art. The author selected relevant episodes in the educational path of MUnA,
through which it is possible to identify MUnA s development. Its development
showed that despite changing tour guides and different administrative attitudes,
MUnA created activities around its public space; for example, the exhibition
gallery, auditorium and courtyard and studio. On these three spaces, throughout
thirteen years, a variety of tours occurred. First, in the gallery was appreciation
and interaction with the art work. Secondly, in the auditorium and courtyard was
exhibition theme reflection and Museum rules. Finally, in the studio was hands
on plastic creativity. In conclusion, this research is intended to identify and
analyze the guided tours and suggest ideas to assist in developing new plans
and strategies for MUnA.Mestre em ArtesO presente trabalho apresenta o estudo das práticas de mediação em
exposições realizadas no MUnA (Museu Universitário de Arte), entre os anos
de 1998 a 2011. Para a pesquisa foram utilizadas as memórias relatadas dos
mediadores, obtidas através de entrevistas, artigos, relatórios e projetos. Os
relatos utilizados na pesquisa foram importantes ferramentas metodológicas
para analisar os objetivos, as dinâmicas e as estratégias empregados nas
práticas educativas de comunicação entre o visitante e a arte exposta. O
estudo aborda alguns episódios relevantes na trajetória das práticas do
educativo do MUnA, a partir dos quais é possível identificar o seu
desenvolvimento perante a constante rotatividade dos discentes e dos
docentes e também as atitudes das distintas gestões administrativas. Apesar
dessas variações, foi observado que as atividades sempre se desenvolveram
em torno do próprio espaço em que o MUnA disponibiliza para o público, como:
galeria de exposição, auditório, oficina e pátio. As diversas mediações
realizadas ao longo desses treze anos têm como característica principal a
distinção de ações para cada um destes espaços. Na galeria de exposição,
prevê-se a leitura e a interação com as produções artísticas. No auditório ou no
pátio, supõe-se a reflexão sobre a temática expositiva e a introdução sobre a
história e as normas do Museu. A oficina sugere a criação plástica. O resultado
final desta pesquisa não é apenas identificar e analisar as mediações em
exposição, mas sugerir ideias e proporcionar reflexões que possam auxiliar no
desenvolvimento de novos planos e estratégias
MENEBANG JATI MENGEJAR RUPIAH Studi Etnografi Hutan Jati Muna
No full textThe forestry studies were so far raised more on the issues of forest fires,
land seizures, deforestations, and conflicts between local community and the
government or between the farmers and companies. However, they did not pay
attention to the forest damage. Whereas, the forest damage occurred due to socioeconomical,
cultural, and political processes. Therefore, this study was conducted
to identify factors that encourage groups of community around the forest to
destruct the forest and to gather data or information about the socio-economic,
political, and cultural implication of the forest damage. There are three mutually
related issues of teak forest in Muna Regency, that are the change of the
government regime, the shift in policy on teak forest exploitation, and culture
pursued by local communities in utilizing the teak forest and its relationship to the
forest damage in Muna Regency.
This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using
ethnographic method in the teak forest areas of Kontu and Patu-Patu, Muna
Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The ethnographic analysis contained the description
of the teak forest damage in Muna and revealed the meaningful illustration of
local community around the forest objectively. In this study, the author
conceptualized the teak forest damage in Muna Regency as an opened and
economical phenomena which was a process of making balance by local
communities around the forest to pursue a socio-economic welfare. Thus, the teak
forest in Muna Regency has been a basis of local, national, and even transnational
resources that can be exploited by local communities and the government. The
reduced trust of local communities on local wisdom system is the departing point
of the forest damage. The local wisdom that has been being a main foundation to
conserve the integration of protected forest areas in Muna Regency was unable to
stem the wave of change in political and economic system. In addition, the
conflict of claiming over forest areas often occurred between government and
local community. As the consequence of the forest damage was the imbalance that
threatened people�s lives. This was the departing point where the system of
cultural order (global wisdom) began to be formed, and unfortunately closer to the
forest damage
FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PENGELOLAAN RETRIBUSI SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KABUPATEN MUNA
No full textThe existence of the authority for the local government to collect retribution for business services in the fishery sector has not been properly optimized by the Regional Government of Muna Regency. As a result, it has an impact on the local revenue of the fisheries sector which has experienced a downward trend over the last three years. Therefore, it is very important to conduct a study to reveal the inhibiting factors in the management of business service fees in the fisheries sector in increasing PAD in Muna Regency. In this study, the author uses a type of juridical-empirical research, with the research approach used is a theoretical approach (Theoretical Approach). The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary materials obtained through library research and observation, which are then analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results showed that the inhibiting factor experienced by the Muna Regency Government in managing fishery sector business services levies in order to increase local revenue is, because the regional regulations governing fishery sector business service retribution rates are no longer relevant to the price index and current economic developments. . In addition, the absence of exemplary employees in collecting retribution, inadequate retribution infrastructure facilities, and the lack of legal awareness of the community to make retribution payments, are also factors inhibiting the management of levies in the fisheries sector in increasing local revenue in Muna Regency.Keywords: Retribution Inhibitor, Fishery, PAD Muna. ABSTRAKAdanya kewenangan bagi pemerintah daerah untuk melakukan pungutan retibusi jasa usaha sektor perikanan, ternyata belum dioptimalkan secara baik oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Muna. Akibatnya, berdampak pada pendapatan asli daerah sektor perikanan yang mengalami tren penurunan selama tiga tahun terakhir. Oleh sebab itu, sangat penting dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengungkap tentang faktor penghambat pengelolaan retibusi jasa usaha sektor perikanan dalam peningkatan PAD di Kabupaten Muna. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis-empiris, dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan teori (Theoretical Approach). Untuk bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan observasi, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor penghambat yang dialami oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Muna dalam pengelolaan retribusi jasa usaha sektor perikanan guna peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah adalah, dikarenakan peraturan daerah yang mengatur tentang tarif retribusi jasa usaha sektor perikanan sudah tidak relevan dengan indeks harga dan perkembangan perekonomian saat ini. Selain itu, belum adanya keteladanan pegawai dalam melakukan pungutan retibusi, belum memadainya sarana prasarana retibusi, dan masih minimnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat untuk melakukan pembayaran retibusi, juga menjadi faktor penghambat pengelolaan retribusi sektor perikanan dalam peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Muna
EFEKTIVITAS INSTITUSI HUKUM DALAM PENEGAKKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN HUKUM (Studi : Di Kabupaten Muna Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)
No full textCorruption has plagued this country since long time ago in a large-scale
and almost touches all aspects of life from the center to the regions, without
exception for Muna Regency in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Corruption has
entered a very complex phase, this is supposed because of the effectiveness of
legal institutions in law enforcement of crime corruption have not been as
effective as expected, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of legal
institutions (Indonesian Police, The Prosecutor, and The Court) in the law crime
corruption enforcement in Muna Regency, and their implications to the resilience
of law in Muna Regency.
The study was conducted in Muna Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province
by using survey methods. Number of samples are 30 respondents. The variable in
this research is the effectiveness of legal institutions (Muna Police, Raha District
Prosecutor, and Raha Court) in law crime corruption enforcement in Muna
Regency and the resilience of law conditions in Muna Regency.
The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of legal institutions
in law crime corruption enforcement in Muna Regency is not in a good condition.
It implicates to the legal enforcement conditions in Muna Regency at this time,
which the first of the five categories is: "Very Tough", the second : "Tough.", the
third "Fair Tough", the fourth "Less Tough" and the fifth "Prone/Danger". Based
on the analysis results and the discussion, the conditions research in Muna
Regency in the current resilience of law is categorized as "Fair tough" and it is
still far from the category of "Very Tough". The Implications/influences the
effectiveness of legal institutions in law enforcement corruption cases against the
law in Muna Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province were measured using the
SPSS statistical gauge and the effect is significant because = 3.792, p = 0.001 <
0.005. The influence = 33.9% and the rest = 66.1% influenced by other factors
which were not examined by the author
MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN BUDAYA AGAMA ( STUDI KASUS DI MI TAHFIDZ EL-MUNA Q KRAPYAK YOGYAKARTA)
No full textThe background for the author in choosing MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q as the location
of this research is MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q, which is the only elementary school in
Krapyak Yogyakarta that develops the tahfidz program and also prepares the Madrasah
Tahfidz Putri Anak Dormitory (MTPA) or a special Islamic boarding school for MI
Putri children, as a residence for MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q Krapyak students in
Yogyakarta.
This research is a qualitative field research. The target is all parties involved in the
research process, and the main target is the principal. Data collection was carried out
by means of observation, interviews, and documents. Data analysis was carried out by
describing the data that had been collected and conclusions drawn by describing it
descriptively.
The research results show: 1). management functions include planning,
organizing, implementing, motivating, 2). The success of the principal in developing a
Religious Culture at MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q Krapyak Yogyakarta is the realization of
children who have managed to memorize the Koran in a relatively fast period of time,
giving birth to outstanding children from regional to national levels, implementation of
the Madrasah Diniyah (MADIN) program to study religious sciences and apply them
in everyday life and supervision, 3). Supporting and inhibiting factors in the
implementation of Religious Culture at MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q Krapyak Yogyakarta,
there are internal supporting factors such as, All students of MI Tahfidz El-Muna Q
Krapyak Yogyakarta are Muslim, there is commitment from the teacher (especially
PAI teachers). The External Supporting Factors are the policies of the parents of the
students, while the internal inhibiting factors are the lack of PAI facilities and
infrastructure.
The last one is external inhibiting factors such as the influence of family and
society
Resistensi dalam E-Cerpen Karya Muna Masyari dan Relevansinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia
No full textSalah satu jenis karya sastra yang diterima keberadaannya dan cukup populer di masyarakat, yaitu cerpen. Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat membuat cerpen yang awalnya hanya berbentuk cetak atau buku, saat ini sudah tersedia secara elektronik atau digital (E-Cerpen). Di dalam cerpen terkadang terdapat kritik yang ingin disampaikan pengarang dengan latar belakang permasalahan yang ada. Muna Masyari sebagai salah satu pengarang Madura, menghadirkan kritik dalam cerpen yang ditulisnya sebagai bentuk resistensi atas masalah-masalah yang terjadi dalam sistem kehidupan masyarakat Madura terutama dalam sistem kebudayaan. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan resistensi terbuka dan tertutup dalam E-Cerpen karya Muna Masyari dan relevansinya terhadap pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data berupa kata, kalimat, serta paragraf yang berisi bentuk-bentuk resistensi terbuka dan tertutup dalam E-Cerpen karya Muna Masyari dan relevansinya terhadap pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia. Adapun, sumber data penelitian ini adalah E-Cerpen karya Muna Masyari. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen. Lalu, teknik analisis datanya menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif milik Miles&Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 2 bentuk resistensi, yaitu resistensi terbuka dan tertutup dalam E-Cerpen karya Muna Masyari, serta karya yang diciptakan oleh pengarang relevan jika dijadikan sebagai konten pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia.One type of literary work that is accepted and quite popular in society is the short story. The increasingly rapid development of technology means that short stories, which were originally only in print or book form, are now available electronically or digitally (E-Short Stories). In short stories, sometimes there is criticism that the author wants to convey against the background of existing problems. Muna Masyari, as one of the Madurese authors, presents criticism in the short stories she writes as a form of resistance to the problems that occur in the Madurese community's life system, especially in the cultural system. The aim of this research is to describe open and closed resistance in Muna Masyari's E-Story and its relevance to learning Indonesian language and literature. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Data in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs containing open and closed forms of resistance in Muna Masyari's e-short stories and their relevance to learning Indonesian language and literature. Meanwhile, the data source for this research is E-Story by Muna Masyari. The data collection technique in this research uses document study. Then, the data analysis technique uses Miles & Huberman's interactive analysis technique. The research results show that there are 2 forms of resistance, namely open and closed resistance in Muna Masyari's e-short stories, as well as works created by authors that are relevant if used as learning content for Indonesian language and literature
TRADISI PEMBACAAN LIMA SURAH PILIHAN DALAM RITUAL KASAMBU PADA MASYARAKAT MUNA (Studi Living Qur’an di Kel. Waimhorock Kec. Abepura Kota Jayapura)
No full textThis Study aims to discuss the tradition of reading five selected surahs in the Kasambu ritual in the Muna community (study living Qur’an in Waimhorock District, Abepura District, Jayapura City). This study uses a qualitative method with a sociological phenomenological approach. Primary data sources come from important documents owned by community institutions, as well as answer from related parties interviewed. While secondary sources come from various scientific references related to the discussion. There is a debate among Muslim scholars about the study of the living Qur’an, namely groups that support and groups that criticize the study of the living Qur’an. The groups that support the living Qur’an are Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi and Badruddin az-Zarkasyi. Meanwhile, groups that criticize the living Qur’an are Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, and Farid Esack. In addition, one of the Indonesian figures who also criticized the Qur’an was Mun’im Sirry. The findings of this study indicate that the social and Qur'anic meaning of the tradition of reading the five selected surahs in the Kasambu ritual in the Muna community is a form of community effort or endeavor to gain the pleasure of Allah. Kasambu ritual in the Muna community is a form of community effort or effort to get the pleasure of Allah SWT. This is evidenced by the reading of selected surahs in the Qur'an such as surah al-Fâtiḫah, surah al-Qadr, surah al-Ikḫlâsh, surah al-Falaq and surah an-Nâs. Where from the reading of these suras, people believe and believe that Allah SWT will be pleased with everything they do and Allah SWT will always pour out His mercy and protect and protect them from interference from supernatural beings (syaithan) both from among others. jinn and from among humans, especially to mothers and prospective babies who are in the wom
Short author list codes
No full textThe literature contains articles on community-developed codes such as AstroPy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018) and yt4 (Turk et al. 2011), their importance in research, and the need for supporting these important codes and those who devote time and effort building and sustaining these resources (Turk 2013; Muna et al. 2016), but has comparatively little about the body of software written by 1, 2, or 3 people, what we here refer to as short author list (SAL) codes. A recent examination of the 1978 entries currently in the Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL,ascl.net) (Nemiroff & Wallin 1999) reveals that 1348 of them, 68%, are SAL codes
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