11 research outputs found
Simulation and Construction of Wireless Heartbeat and Body Temperature Monitoring Device Using Microcontroller
No full textHeart rate and body temperature are important health parameter that need to be monitored especially for the old aged that needs constant medical care. In this study, simulation and construction of wireless body temperature and heartbeat monitoring device was carried out using PIC16F886 microcontroller and RF module. The circuit was simulated using Proteus8.4, while a prototype was constructed on a Vero board. The circuit was tested by measuring temperature and heartbeat of 20 volunteers during different levels of activities. Result shows that, the transmitter section, reads body temperature and heartbeat using sensors. The signal is then processed by the microcontroller and wirelessly transmitted to the receiver section through RF module at 433MHz, while detail is displayed on the LCD. At the receiver section, the signals are received through RF antenna operating at the same frequency with the transmitting RF module (433MHz). The data processed by the receiver microcontroller is also displayed on LCD. The readings of body temperature and heartbeat can be taken simultaneously by the same device and transmitted wirelessly to the care giver or patient relation. The device recorded a heartbeat rate of 76bpm at normal body temperature of 36.2°C and for every degree increases in body temperature, the heart beats about 10bpm faster. The device is reliable and cost effective to enable it accessible and affordable to the care giver and patient’s relative who can monitor the patient remotely
Simulation and Construction of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Door Locking System Using Smart Card
No full textDoors are meant for security and safety to prevent intrusions from unwanted persons. However, traditional locking mechanisms, reliant on physical keys, present significant challenges including loss, theft, and unauthorized duplication, which compromise the safety of individuals and properties. This research focuses on the simulation and construction of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based door locking system utilizing smart card authentication. Simulation was performed using Proteus 8.0 to design and verify the RFID-based circuit before implementation. Embedded C was used to program the microcontroller, ensuring logical control of the door locking mechanism based on RFID authentication. The physical construction was done on a Vero board using LGT8F328P microcontroller, RC522 RFID reader, 12V solenoid lock, and relay. The system was powered using a 12V DC adapter. Testing involved scanning 4 RFID cards and 1 RFID tag—only 1 card and 1 tag were registered in memory. Simulation result showed reliable activation of lock/unlock functions, with the system responding in under 1 second per card authentication. LED indicators displayed clear lock and unlock status throughout the process. The findings indicate that the RFID system provides a robust alternative to traditional locking mechanisms, mitigating issues related to lost or stolen keys while enhancing user convenience. This work contributes to the field of access control systems by demonstrating the feasibility of RFID technology in improving security measures for individuals and organizations
Novel Implementation of Vehicle Drivers Alcohol and Temperature Monitoring System
No full textDrunk driving is one of the major cause of road accidents especially in Nigeria where there is no controls or checks to the level of alcohol content of drivers. In this study, a vehicle alcohol and temperature monitoring system was simulated and constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATMega328. The circuit was simulated in Proteus8.1 design suit comprising an alcohol sensor, contactless temperature sensor, motor/relay driver, ignition, 16×2 liquid crystal display, and 5V DC power. The simulated circuit was constructed on a printed circuit board and tested for continuity and power ‘ON’. An evaluation performance test was also carried out using 40 volunteers that have consumed varying amounts of alcohol content ranging from two to fifteen standard drink and their blood alcohol content as well as body temperature were measured. The true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative were recorded. Results showed that the constructed device has sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 75% depicting that the system can correctly identify 92% presence of alcohol and 75% of alcohol absence with 90% accuracy. It however, failed to identify only 8% alcohol presence and 25% alcohol absence. The device if installed in a vehicle could be significantly useful in averting road accidents caused by drunk driving. Ensuring the public and commercial drivers have a clear understanding of the law and raising awareness of the impact drink drive has on road users is important to reducing its prevalence
Evaluation of Wavelet Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Massive MIMO (W-OFDM mMIMO) for Enhancing Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in Digital Wireless Communication System
No full textResearch into cutting-edge systems that can satisfy the rising needs for greater data rate and increased reliability is becoming more and more necessary as wireless communication technologies continue to evolve. To enhance the spectral and energy efficiencies, this study examine the performance of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) communication systems using wavelet-order orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (W-OFDM). Also, a communication system was created based on W-OFDM Massive MIMO using MATLAB to model its operation. The simulated system\u27s various stages of operation was examined through detailed analysis and its performance was compare with prior studies and practical networks on OFDM. Key performance metrics, specifically the data throughput, was evaluated to assess the effectiveness and viability of the system. The simulation results indicates that W-OFDM can achieve up to 35% reduction in peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) compared to the traditional OFDM, with a 20% improvement in BER performance under Rayleigh fading conditions. Also, the spectral efficiency of W-OFDM mMIMO outperforms convectional OFDM by 15%, making it a viable technology for future communication networks requiring high data rates and reliability. This implies that, the analytical evaluation confirms that W-OFDM mMIMO provides substantial benefits for improving energy and spectral efficiencies in wireless communication systems, addressing the challenges of increased user demands for high spectrum. This study contributes to the understanding of MIMO systems\u27 performance optimization, highlighting the importance of antenna configuration and cell distance. Comprehensive analysis of spectral efficiency and energy efficiency trade-offs in MIMO systems and identification of optimal antenna configuration for maximum energy efficiency, addressing some of the challenges of future wireless communication systems
Optimization of Distribution Transformer Design for Harmonic Resilience using a Taguchi-FEM Approach
No full textThe Nigeria\u27s low-voltage distribution transformers suffer from significant harmonic issues leading to catastrophic failures. Existing strategies to address harmonics have overlooked transformer inherent parameter design optimizations. This study presents the optimization of a 30 kVA transformer, focusing on enhancing efficiency and minimizing harmonic susceptibility for low-voltage distribution systems in Nigeria. Utilizing a combined Taguchi-FEM approach, result shows that key design parameters were optimized with core area (0.773 m²), material (Amorphous Steel), core design (Six-Stepped Core), and flux density (1.354T), resulting in a 27% reduction in energy losses. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) revealed that the optimized transformer exhibited a core saturation of 19.2%, significantly lower than the baseline\u27s 42%, and demonstrated reduced energy density near the core-winding interface. Experimental validation through Open Circuit (OC) and Short Circuit (SC) tests confirmed a notable improvement in efficiency, with the optimized transformer achieving 97.15% efficiency at full load, compared to 95.5% for the baseline transformer. Core losses were reduced to 85W, and copper losses decreased to 800W. Also, the findings revealed a significant reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from 16.78% in the baseline design to 4.12% in the optimized configuration. The findings align with international standards (IEC 60076-8). Optimizing core materials and stepped core design with advanced modeling can enhance reliability and reduce harmonic impacts. This study’s outcomes have potential promise on stable transformer operation, harmonic mitigation and reduced losses, enhanced reliability, and overall power systems stability; as well as the potential promise in terms of overall power systems cost savings and energy efficiency. Therefore, integrated optimization approaches, incorporating Taguchi-FEM and experimental techniques, can effectively enhance transformer performance, paving the way for broader applications in the field
Simulation and Construction of a Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System Using Internet of Things (IoT), Blynk Mobile App
No full textAims: To simulate and construct a solar powered smart irrigation system using Blynk Mobile App.
Study Design: Experimental design through simulation studies and internet of things.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria, between July 2021 and March 2022.
Methodology: The system was simulated using Proteus ISIS Version 8.6. It consists of two main units that is transmitter and receiver. The transmitter consists of a sensor circuit that senses the soil moisture, humidity and temperature. Then the Node MCU microcontroller collects the data and sent to the Blynk Mobile App (Receiver). The circuit was tested at two different conditions of the soil; Wet soil and Dry soil.
Results: Output performance analysis when the water level in soil (Moisture) was high, indicated Temperature value 28.3°C, Humidity 72%, and the Pump was OFF. When the water level in soil was mild, temperature was 60°C, Humidity 68%, and pump was turned ON. The pump is activated to switch ON as far as the water reservoir is having enough water and will switch OFF when the required level of moisture in the soil is achieved. The solar power ensured constant power supply, while the Blynk Mobile App ensured real time data monitoring by the Farmer even when he is far away from the farm.
Conclusion: This system is an improve irrigation system that supports low water and electricity consumption as well as efficient monitoring for increase farmers’ output
Identification of Medical and Industrial Used Radioisotopes in Mining Sites of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
No full textThis research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in Nasarawa of Nasarawa state using thermos-scientific interceptor (IdentiFINDER). The work aimed at detecting the presence, types and trust level of radioisotopes. The result showed that, 103Pd and 125I were found in 57% of the total points and the percentage abundance of the detector reached 50-65% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 109Cd was found in 15% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 109Cd shows 50% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be found in the area, 241Am was found in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 241Am shows 81% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 235U was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 235U reaches 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 75Se was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 75Se was in abundance up to 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely gotten in the area and 57Co was gotten in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 57Co was 54% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be gotten in the area. Based on this high percentage abundance of the detector for these radioisotopes, they can be harnessed and applied appropriately in medicine and industry
Toxicity of Radon-222 in Groundwater across Keana in Nasarawa, Nigeria
No full textThe most common supply of freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and other domestic uses is groundwater; however, because of increased radon concentrations brought on by mining activities, its quality is still a severe concern. Using a liquid scintillation detector, this study investigated the radon content, its related toxicity, and its risk to human health in the groundwater of the Keana in Nasarawa, Nigeria. Ten (10) borehole samples and five (5) well samples totaling fifteen (15) groundwater samples were taken. The results showed that the average radon concentration in water samples from Keana was 2.25 Bq/L. The mean annual effective dosage (ingestion) for adults and children in Keana was 0.016 mSv/y and 0.027 mSv/y, respectively. In Keana, the additional lifetime cancer risk per adult was 5.65 × 10–5, and per child, it was 8.79 × 10–5. The study’s radon concentration was lower than the benchmark of 11.1 Bq/L established in 1991 by the Nigerian Standard Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results of this study indicate that the level of radon is safe; as a result, people can continue farming and other activities. To reduce the risk of cancer, however, more research could be done in the area. Further research should be done by looking at additional sources in the study area in order to cover the entire zone. Further investigation should be carried out both during the dry and wet seasons because radon concentrations in groundwater alter over time due to dilution by recharge from rainfall
