Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Propagation of Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) by Tissue Culture Supplemented with Fertilizer and Natural Organic Additives
No full textThis research aims to determine the growth of black orchids (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl) on fertilizer plus several types of organic supplements and to determine the type of media that has the best influence on black orchid tissue culture. The research was conducted in March 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. The research was carried out using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with a single factor arranged using 8 treatments, each treatment repeated five times. The eight treatments consisted of p1 = Growmore 1 g L-1, p2 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1, p3 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1, p4 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + sweet corn seed extract 100 g L-1, p5 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1, p6 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + sweet corn seed sprout extract 100 g L-1, p7 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1 + corn seed extract sweet 100 g L-1, and p8 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1 + sweet corn seed extract 100 g L-1. The data was analyzed using variance and continued with the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with a level of 5%. The results of the research show that the addition of Ambon banana extract, mung bean sprouts, or sweet corn seeds to foliar fertilizer can improve the culture of black orchids using tissue culture. The best media was found in treatment p5 (Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1) producing the highest plant height (5.02 cm), the highest number of roots (13.00 pieces), the longest root length (7.02 cm) and the highest wet weight (0.45 g)
Effect of Spatial Arrangement on Grain and Fruit Yield of Component Crops in Maize/Okra Intercrop in Kilifi County, Kenya
No full textMaize production in Kilifi County, Kenya has been on the decline due to limitations of poor soils, unpredictable rainfall and its cultivation in small parcels of land. Okra is one of the high value crops intercropped with maize in the County. The area under okra cultivation has been on the rise due to increased demand, good export market, nutritional and medicinal value. Intercropping has considerable benefits of maximizing productivity. In Kilifi County, intercropping maize and okra is done in various mixtures, with inconsistence in plant density. Field studies were undertaken in two seasons: short rains (October 2020 - January 2021) and long rains (April - July 2021), at Industrial Crops Research Institute (ICRI) farm, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) - Mtwapa in Kilifi, Kenya. The objective was to evaluate the effect of spatial arrangement on grain and fruit yield of maize and okra respectively in maize/okra intercropping system. There were four treatments consisting of sole maize, sole okra, maize/okra intercrop in alternating rows of 1:2, and maize/okra intercrop in 2:2 spatial arrangement, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Maize yield data measured included: number of cobs per plant, cob diameter, cob length, cob weight, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight, and total grain yield. Okra yield parameters included number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit yield (t/ha). Results showed that the number of okra fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length were significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by spatial arrangement. However, spatial arrangement did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect the number of cobs per plant, cob length, cob diameter, cob weight, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight and total maize grain yield. Moreover, okra fruit diameter, and total okra yield were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by spatial arrangement. This study recommends that farmers in Kilifi County can combine maize and okra as intercrop in the ratio 1:2 and 2:2. Intercropping maize and okra can enable them get their staple food of maize, and have okra vegetable to meet their dietary requirements, and increase land utilization
Influence of Plant Spacing and NPK Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Broccoli
No full textAn experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The study aimed to investigate how plant spacing and NPK fertilizers influence the growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included three plant spacings: S1 (60 cm × 50 cm), S2 (60 cm × 40 cm), and S3 (50 cm × 50 cm), and four doses of NPK fertilizer: F0 (N0P0K0 kg/ha), F1 (N100P75K75 kg/ha), F2 (N200P150K150 kg/ha), and F3 (N300P225K225 kg/ha). The results showed that plant spacing, NPK fertilizer, and their interaction significantly affected the growth and yield of broccoli. The highest yield per plant (331.42 g), yield per plot (8.29 kg), yield per hectare (13.81 t) at harvest were found in the spacing S2 (60 cm x 40 cm) and highest yield per plant (344.78 g), yield per plot (7.95 kg), yield per hectare (13.25 t) was recorded when F2 (N200P150K150 kg/ha) are used. The treatment combination S2F3 (60 cm × 40 cm with N300P225K225 kg/ha) resulted in the highest plant height (63.27 cm), crown spread (70.20 cm), number of leaves (17), and length of the largest leaves (50.57 cm). For curd initiation, the treatment combination S2F2 (60 cm × 40 cm with N200P150K150 kg/ha) required 54.33 days, with a primary curd weight of 0.48 kg and a curd diameter of 15.12 cm. Additionally, S2F2 resulted in a stem diameter of 4.02 cm, stem length of 26.73 cm, number of secondary curds (8.06), weight of secondary curds (78.99 g), fresh weight of leaves (401.49 g), yield per plant (365 g), and yield per plot (9.13 kg). The highest broccoli curd yield of 13.25 t/ha was obtained from the application of N200P150K150 fertilizer, while the lowest yield of 9.36 t/ha was recorded with no NPK fertilizer. The yield of broccoli curd increased with decreasing plant spacing, with the highest yield of 13.81 t/ha from S2 (60 cm × 40 cm) and the lowest yield of 9.75 t/ha from S1 (60 cm × 50 cm) spacing. The best treatment combination was S2F2, resulting in a yield of 15.21 t/ha
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Various Ameliorant Sources in Increasing NP Absorption and Sweet Corn Productivity on Sandy Soil
No full textAims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various ameliorant sources in enhancing NP uptake and the productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) in sandy soil.
Study Design: The study used a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted in a sandy soil area in Moncok Karya, Pejeruk Karya Village, Ampenan District, Mataram City. The analysis part was carried out in Microbiology laboratory, and in the Soil Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. All series of trials were completed in six months.
Methodology: The experimental tested five treatments, namely; Control, no ameliorant (A0), Rice Husk Charcoal (AA), Cow Manure (AS), Compost (AK), and Fertile Organic Fertilizer (AP). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Observations were made on biomass weight, crop yield, nutrient concentrations (N and P), nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal activity.
Results: Ameliorant treatment with cow manure significantly improved plant growth and productivity by enhancing nutrient availability in the soil. This included increases in biomass, and yield. Cow manure also promoted mycorrhizal activity, improved soil structure and increased nutrient absorption efficiency.
Conclusion: The research result showed that the cow manure as an ameliorant markedly enhanced NP uptake and productivity of sweet corn in sandy soil. It improved soil fertility, supported mycorrhizal colonization, and strengthened plant resistance to environmental stresses
Response of Rooting Hormone on Rooting and Media Shooting Capacity of Chrysanthemum Cuttings at Tehrathum, Nepal
No full textChrysanthemum is an herbaceous perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family, extensively grown all over the world. Hence, an experiment was carried out to assess the response of rooting hormone on the rooting and shooting capacity of chrysanthemum cuttings under different growing media at Tehrathum, Nepal during the year 2024. Further, the experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design, with two factorial designs: rooting hormone and rooting media. As a consequence, a significance difference was observed in the rooting and shooting capacity of chrysanthemum cuttings in which rooting hormone, IBA with the concentration of 400ppm showed the best result, now that it was observed with the maximum number of roots in 29DAP (11.51), maximum length of roots (2.73cm) in 29DAP, higher leaf number (1.81) in 15 DAP, maximum leaf length (2.35cm) in 29 DAP. In like manner media composition of Soil, Sand, and Cocopeat in the ratio of 1:1:1 was observed with maximum root length (2.23cm) at 29DAP. Therefore, this study concludes that IBA as rooting hormone and the composition of Soil, Sand, and Cocopeat as media proved to be the best combination for the success of terminal Chrysanthemum cutting
Economic Analysis of Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Farming in Bukit Biru Village, Tenggarong District, Indonesia
No full textGreen mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a leaf vegetable that is popular with all levels of society because it contains many nutrients and is also affordable. This plant has great prospects for development because it is quite profitable and its cultivation is relatively easy. The aim of the research is to analyze the amount of income obtained by vegetable farmers' associations from green mustard farming and to find out whether the mustard green business being operated in Bukit Biru Village, Tenggarong District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is profitable or not. This research was carried out from December 2022 to February 2023 in the Bukit Biru Village area, Tenggarong District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Sampling used a saturated sampling technique with 18 respondents as samples. The results of the research show that the income obtained by mustard green farmers is IDR 3.951.111 and the amount of income is IDR 2.764.164 per planting season. The R/C value is IDR 3.33, which means that every IDR 1 spent provides IDR 3.33 in revenue, so the green mustard farming business in Bukit Biru Village, Tenggarong District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is profitable to cultivate as a side business to increase farmers' income
Recent Trends and Income Generation from Fruit Production in Himachal Pradesh, India: An Analytical Study
No full textIn this paper the performances of fruit production and the resultant income generation from the same has been analysed in Himachal Pradesh. The study basically aims at analyzing the trends and patterns of fruit production and the income generation from it along with the investigation of annualized growth rates in the said aspects. The study has been conducted on the basis of the secondary sources of data and descriptive cum analytical methodology in terms of tabular and graphic presentations along with the simple growth rate formula has been used in the study. It has been found from the study that, out of the total fruit production in Himachal Pradesh, apple the state fruit of Himachal Pradesh recorded 77.03 percent production recently in 2020-21. The overall growth rate in production of apple in the whole study period of 10 years has been found to be 6.83 percent and the fruit production has been found to contribute to 12.56 percent of the annual state income in Himachal Pradesh followed by the production of different other tropical and sub-tropical fruits in the state. However, negative growth rate has been found in case of the production of apple and other tropical fruits in the recent times and the relevant causes behind such decline is also discussed. Based on the crucial findings in the study, policy suggestions are given to attract government and policy makers’ attention towards the unsatisfactory and underperformances of fruit production in the recent times in Himachal Pradesh
Optimization of Growth and Yield of Glutinous Corn with the Application of Amelioran Formulation Plus Mycorrhza on Sandy Soil
No full textAims: This study aimed at optimizing the growth and yield of glutinous corn through the application of an ameliorant formulation enriched with biological mycorrhizal fertilizer on sandy soil.
Study Design: The research was carried out using a Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Telaga Wareng Village, Pemenang Barat District, North Lombok Regency, Indonesia.
Methodology: Five ameliorant treatments tested were: F1: 75% cow manure + 25% biological mycorrhizal fertilizer, F2: 75% compost + 25% biological mycorrhizal fertilizer, F3: 75% "fertile" fertilizer + 25% biological mycorrhizal fertilizer, F4: 75% rice husk charcoal + 25% biological mycorrhizal fertilizer, and F5: 20% cow manure + 20% compost + 20% "fertile" fertilizer + 20% rice husk charcoal + 20% biological mycorrhizal fertilizer. Each treatment was repeated four times, resulting in 20 experimental plots. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, wet and dry biomass weight per plant, wet and dry cob weight per plot, soil nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen and available phosphorus), nutrient uptake (nitrogen and phosphorus), mycorrhizal spore count, root colonization, and crop yield. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and where necessary followed by Honestly significant Different test at 5% level of significant.
Results: The 20% mixed ameliorant formulation (F5) produced the best results, significantly (P<0.05) optimizing the growth and yield of glutinous corn. This treatment improved plant height, biomass weight, cob weight and length, soil nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen and available phosphorus), nutrient uptake, mycorrhizal spore count, and root colonization.
Conclusion: The application of a 20% mixed ameliorant formulation consisting of cow manure, compost, "fertile" fertilizer, rice husk charcoal, and biological mycorrhizal fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) enhanced growth, yield, and soil nutrient utilization efficiency in glutinous corn grown on sandy soil
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica L.) Leaves against Pseudomonas solanacearum: Phytochemical Study and Bioactivity Testing
No full textPseudomonas solanacearum bacteria can cause wilt disease in tomatoes, chilies, tobacco, potatoes, and Solanaceae plants in general. The use of synthetic pesticides to treat wilt disease can cause negative impacts on plants, humans, and the environment, so it is necessary to find environmentally friendly pesticides. This research aims to determine the compounds contained in gotu kola (Centella asiatica L.) leaf extract, and the antibacterial effect of gotu kola leaf extract against the bacteria Pseudomonas solanacearum. The research was carried out at the Wood Properties and Product Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Agrotechnology, Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic, Keledang River, Samarinda Seberang District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan from January to March 2023. Phytochemical test of gotu kola leaf extract to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds. Consists of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. To test the antimicrobial (anti-bacterial) activity, several concentrations of gotu kola leaf extract were carried out, namely 2.5% (25 ml/l); 5% (50 ml/l), 10% (100 ml/l); 15% (150 ml/l) and 20% (200 ml/l). The research results showed that the crude ethanol extract of gotu kola leaves contains secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The ethanol extract of gotu kola leaves with a concentration of 50 ml/l (5%) showed more effective antibiotic activity compared to higher concentrations, namely 10% (100 ml/l), 15% (150 ml/l), and 20% (200 ml/l)
Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) in Response to Bio-fertilizer Application
No full textBio-N® fertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bio-N® and different levels of inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and postharvest quality of sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa). The experiment was conducted using a 5m x 4m plot size and arranged as a 2x3 factorial experiment within a Randomized Complete Block Design. Bio-N application (with and without) was designated as Factor A, while the varying levels of inorganic NPK fertilizer (100%, 75%, 50%) were assigned as Factor B. This resulted in six treatment combinations, with each plot containing 108 sweetcorn plants, replicated three times.
Sweetcorn plants applied with Bio-N® fertilizer gave a significant growth and yield compared to those plants without fertilizer (Bio-N®) applied. The highest net income and return of investment were obtained from plants applied with Bio-N® with 100% RR of inorganic fertilizer at 284,866.00 and 316.05% respectively