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    SEMANGAT KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT DALAM NOVEL KEINDAHAN DAN KESEDIHAN (UTSUKUSHISATO KANASHIMITO) KARYA YASUNARI KAWABATA (KAJIAN HISTORISISME) THE SPIRIT OF FREEDOM TO SPEAK IN KEINDAHAN DAN KESEDIHAN NOVEL (UTSUKUSHISATO KANASHIMITO) BY YASUNARI KAWABAT

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    Yusniah RokhmawatiSMAN 1 Probolinggo [email protected]  AbstrakSetelah perang dunia kedua situasi sosial di Jepang berubah. Dari sebelumnya adalah negara feodal menjadi negara yang demokrasi liberal dimana kebebasan individu sangat dijunjung tinggi. Begitu pula dalam karya sastra. Novel Keindahan dan Kesedihan karya Yasunari Kawabata adalah novel yang sangat kental dengan semangat kebebasan berpendapat. Melalui kajian historisisme dapat disimpulkan bahwa semangat zaman setelah perang dunia kedua sangat mempengaruhi penulisan novel tersebutKata kunci : Kesejarahan, kebebasan-individu, semangat zaman                                                                                         AbstractAfter the second world war, the social situation in Japan was changed. Previously it was feudal country then it became a liberal democratic country where individual freedom was appresiated. Similarly, it happened in literary work. Keindahan dan Kesedihan novel by Yasunari Kawabata is a novel which is full of the spirit of freedom to speak. Through the study of historicism it can be concluded that the spirit of the age after the Second World War greatly influenced the writing of the novelKeywords: Historical, individual freedom, the spirit of the age

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Information Literacy of Library Science

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    Information Literacy has become important skill of librarians in today's global era. Information literacy for librarians not only marked a literate and just to read it. But the application is more. Librarians must be a manager of science. Responding to this, the librarian must be run in accordance with the changing technology continues to move forward and librarians should be able to adapt as a seeker and giver of information in any form. Nowadays librarians are required not only skilled care of a book or other media types, but also to master the required search information literacy. Thus, librarians should have commitment and conscious in order to access, understand and use the information gathered to be communicated to people in need
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