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RASIONALITAS DAN TRADISIONALISME PEREMPUAN MINANGKABAU DALAM KETAHANAN RUMAH TANGGA (STUDI ISTRI NARAPIDANA DI KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR SUMATERA BARAT)
Get PDFMenyoal adat Minangkabau dengan kekerabatan matrilinealnya selalu manarik untuk ditelisik. Sebagai sumber kearifan yang tinggi (the ultimate source of wisdom) perempuan Minangkabau memegang tampuk peradaban sekaligus penjamin eksistensi ketahanan adat matrilinealnya. Tidak berlebihan rasanya menjadikan perempuan sebagai simbol keagungan sistem ini yang telah berkontribusi dalam membentuk dan membangun identitas masyarakat Minangkabau. Faktualnya, otoritas yang dimiliki oleh perempuan Minangkabau tidak serta merta mampu menjadi dasar pijakannya untuk bertindak atau mengambil keputusan, sebagaimana potret fenomena istri di Kabupaten Tanah Datar Sumatera Barat ini yang tetap mempertahankan rumah tangganya bersama suami narapidana. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, penelitian ini ingin melihat bentuk pertahanan serta alasan-alasan istri yang tetap mempertahankan rumah tangganya.
Setidaknya untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum dengan kerangka konseptual tindakan sosial Max Weber yang dibagi kedalam empat polaritas tindakan, pertama tindakan tradisional, kedua tindakan rasionalitas instrumental, ketiga tindakan afektif dan yang terakhir adalah tindakan rasionalitas nilai. Di akhir konsep akan memaparkan rasional dan non-rasional dari tindakan. Sedangkan teori lainnya yang juga beririsan untuk melacak lebih lanjut sosio-kultural dari pemikiran informan digunakan teori sosiologi pengetahuan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang memotret secara mendalam fenomena para istri sebagai data primer dan didukung oleh literatur-literatur lain sebagai data sekunder.
Penelitian ini menemukan bentuk pertahanan istri narapidana yang mempertahankan rumah tangganya dengan dua bentuk, pertama istri mengambil beban ganda (double bourdan). Keadaan suami narapidana juga menunut istri turut mengambil peran dalam menjadi kepala rumah tangga yang satu diantaranya berkewajiban mencari nafkah untuk penghidupan anak dan suami di dalam penjara. Kedua melibatkan keluarga luas dengan mencari dukungan materi maupun non-materil. Mengingat peran mamak terhadap dunsanak dan kemanakannya dengan memberikan perlindungan juga bimbingan atas segala yang diadukan kepadanya. Bentuk pertahanan ini pengejewantahan dari konsep pernikahan itu sendiri, yaitu mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf dalam relasi suami istri. Itu artinya, adanya sebuah fleksibilitas hak dan kewajiban suami istri yang berarti adanya kesalingan dan kerja sama terhadap upaya mempertahankan rumah tangga. Selanjutnya ditemukan alasan-alasan istri mempertahankan rumah tangga bersama suami narapidana yang terdiri dari: pertama tindakan tradisional yang kecendrungannya berdasarkan kebiasaan dan kesakralan adat Minangkabau. Kedua tindakan rasionalitas instrumental yang dimana isteri narapidana tersebut memiliki pertimbangan secara sadar (tanggungan anak, usia lanjut dan orientasi ekonomi). Ketiga tindakan rasionalitas nilai yang meyakini nilai-nilai secara keagamaan atau nilai etis menjadi tolak ukur dan keempat tindakan afektif yang hanya berfokus kepada emosional saja. Terkait aspek nalar dominasi pemahaman istri narapidana dengan konteks sosio-kultural di Minangkabau ini dipengaruhi oleh adanya pelanggengan sebuah tatanan ketahanan adat yang masih eksis dalam masyarakat Minangkabau, yaitu penguatan eksistensi ketahanan keluarga di Minangkabau dengan basis kaum
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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