6,601 research outputs found
The Dunhuang and Yulin cave museum complexes
No full textThe article examines the caves of Dunhuang and Yulin — world famous Buddhist complexes.
The tradition of cave temples with wall paintings and sculpture came from India. The Dunhuang
and Yulin caves were decorated in this manner. The highest peak in the development
of Dunhuang art falls on the period of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it was at this time that
numerous murals appeared depicting the Pure Land of Buddha Amitabha, the Lord of the
West, where the souls of the righteous dwell, the Pure Land of Buddha of healing Bhaishajyaguru
and other subjects. The main source for the creation of works of art in Dunhuang was
Chinese Buddhism, which was formed under the influence of local cults and beliefs and was
reflected in the sutras. A certain influence on the painting of Dunhuang was exerted by the
art of the cave complexes of the Great Silk Road, and later by the artistic and iconographic
traditions of the Tanguts and Mongols. The findings from Dunhuang in the collection of the
State Hermitage Museum includes three hundred items. In 1914–1915, the Second Russian
Turkestan Expedition under the leadership of academician S. F. Oldenburg worked there and
brought these artifacts back. In addition, the expedition acquired a large number of manuscripts
in Sanskrit, Chinese, Uyghur, Sogdian, Tibetan and Tangut. Currently, these priceless
monuments are kept at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St. Petersburg. The Dunhuang
and Yulin cave complexes are a monument of world culture in terms of their size, quantity and
quality of paintings, as well as in the variety of subjects, which constitute an encyclopedia of
Buddhism in pictorial and sculptural images
Ming xian shou zha.
No full textDouble leaves, oriental style, in case.Xiangyin Guo shi hu zhan tang mo ke ben.Ci shu wei Zeng Guofan, Luo Bingzhang, Hu Linyi, Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang, Shen Baozhen, Peng Yulin, Zeng Guoquan deng zhi Guo Kuntao zhi shu zha.Mode of access: Internet
The Common Feature of Three Palace Coups During Tang Period: Nomadic Soldiers
No full textÇin’in Tang Hanedanı dönemi Türklerle Çinlilerin en yoğun etkileşim içinde olduğu dönemdir. Bu dönemde iki halk arasında sosyal ve kültürel etkileşim meydana gelmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra askerî anlamda da etkileşim söz konusu olmuştur. Hem Türk hem de Türk kültür çevresinden diğer halklardan pek çok kişi Tang ordusunda komutan ve asker olarak görev yapmıştır. Bunlar özellikle Jin Jun adı verilen Hükümdarlık Ordusu’nda üst düzey görevlerde bulunan konargöçer geleneğinden gelen askerlerdir. Çin’in en parlak dönemi olan Tang Hanedanı döneminde taht mücadeleleri de kendini göstermiştir ve bu amaçla saray darbeleri yapılmıştır. Bu darbelerden üçü olan ve Tang tarihinde önemli izler bırakan Shenlong, Jinglong ve Tanglong darbeleri yabancı komutanların ve askerlerin olduğu birliklerin askerî desteği sayesinde yapılabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Tang dönemi saray darbelerinde aktif rol oynayan Yulin Ordusu ve askerleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, Çin’in kronolojik tarih kaynaklarından Zizhi Tongjian’e göre bu üç darbenin meydana gelişleri açıklanmış ve konargöçer geleneğinden gelen askerlerin darbelerdeki rolü ile etkinliği incelenmiştir.The Tang Dynasty period of China is the period when Turks and Chinese interacted most intensely. In this period, in addition to social and cultural interaction, there was also military interaction. Many people both Turk and Turkic cultural environment served as commanders and soldiers in the Tang army. These are especially soldiers from nomadic tradition who hold high positions in the Imperial Army which called Jin Jun. In Tang period, which was the brightest period of China, the struggle for the throne also showed itself and palace coups were made for this purpose. Three of these coups, Shenlong, Jinglong and Tanglong coups, were made possible by the military support of foreign commanders and troops. This study examines, the Yulin Army and its soldiers, who played an active role in the palace coups of the Tang period, occurrence of the coups according to Zizhi Tongjian, one of the chronological history sources of China and the role and effectiveness of the soldiers from the nomadic tradition in the coups
Tang Code, Tang Rite, and Other Manuscripts of Tang Dynasty
No full textIn the present paper, the author gives the preliminary reports on three newly found Tang 唐 official documents, pointing out their important value, and offering the all texts for further studies.1. In Tunhuang and Turfan Documents concerning Social and Economic History I. Legal Texts (Tokyo 1978-1980), Professors T. Yamamoto, O. Ikeda, and M. Okano published the joined texts of O. 5098 and O. 8099 from Otani collection. They identified the fragments with the Section on Violence and Robbery of the Tang Code (唐律), and pointed out the article comes from the Yonghui 永徽 or Chuigong 垂拱 Code according to the Zetian 則天 characters used in the Buddhist text on the verso. The author joins another fragment based on an old photograph of the Turfan document preserved in the Lüshun Museum (旅順博物館). The new text contains one different article from the printed text after the Song 宋 dynasty.2. Among the Dunhuang 敦煌 manuscripts in the National Library of China in Beijing, there is a good copy of the Tang Rite (唐礼) in high Tang characters (No. zhou 周 70A). It contains the text corresponding to the Da Tang Kaiyuan li 大唐開元礼, vol. 37: “Huangdi shixiang yu Taimiao 皇帝時享於太廟”. It is the first time to find the book in Dunhuang or Turfan manuscripts.3. In his Dunhuang Turfan Tangdai fazhi wenshu kaoshi 敦煌吐魯番唐代法制文書考釈, Liu Junwen thought the document of zhou 51 should be the Regulations of the Regional Military Organization. But the form of the original document could not conform to the Tang Regulations, so the author refutes his view and thinks that it is an official document relating to the beacon of the military fortress in the area of Dunhuang or Turfan.journal articl
Tang O 1950-1954
No full textA report on the village of Tang O, detailing its location, the current projects there, and the resources available
Reinventing the Pre-Tang Tradition: Compiling and Publishing Pre-Tang Poetry Anthologies in Sixteenth-Century China
No full textAbstract
This article examines how the making of pre-Tang poetry anthologies in sixteenth-century Ming China led to a reinvention of the pre-Tang poetic tradition. From the Zhengde period 正德 (1506–21) well into the Wanli reign 萬曆 (1573–1620), the compilation and publication of new pre-Tang poetry anthologies saw a dramatic increase, making the anthologizing practices in the 1500s crucial to understanding the pre-Tang tradition. Through a study of paratextual elements (book titles, tables of contents, prefaces, postscripts, etc.) in twenty-two pre-Tang poetry anthologies compiled in the 1500s, this article identifies three types of anthologizing practices. By employing quantitative and network analysis, the author hopes to historicize these practices, investigate the motivations for the anthologies, and explore their citation networks. These anthologizing practices, I conclude, gradually transformed the classification principles of previous anthologies, expanded the scope of canonized anthologies, and established a distinct pre-Tang tradition by the end of the sixteenth century.</jats:p
Water-Energy-Food integrated management model under Uncertainty-A case study of Yulin City
No full textWater, energy, and food are indispensable human survival and development resources. With the rapid development of the social economy, the systematic risk of water, energy, and food is becoming increasingly prominent. Water, energy, and food security are threatened to varying degrees. At the same time, water, energy, and food are interrelated, restricted, and interdependent. It is of great scientific significance to reveal and optimize the WEF (Water-Energy-Food) nexus. This study relied on Chance constrained programming and Fuzzy credibility constrained programming to deal with randomness and fuzziness in the WEF nexus. Meanwhile, based on Bi-level programming, aiming at minimizing water allocation and maximizing system benefits, a Water-Energy-Food Integrated Management Model to deal with multiple Uncertainties, called IMMU-WEF model was constructed. The model solved the critical effects of the randomness of water supply and the subjective fuzziness of water demand on water resources allocation, power generation, primary energy extraction, and food planting area. The results showed that the IMMU-WEF model could efficiently deal with the game between different departments in the resource management system, the random uncertainty expressed by probability density, and the fuzzy uncertainty caused by subjective factors. It can develop a stable management scheme for resource management. Applying the mode to Yulin City, China, it is found that water supply and demand fluctuation dramatically impacts on the WEF system benefit, water resources allocation, energy and food production. Specifically, the system benefit will increase over time, with a total benefit of 1974.04 × 108-1998.06 × 108 yuan (2021–2025), 3065.69 × 108-3100.50 × 108 yuan (2026–2030), and 4128.80 × 108-4191.07 × 108 yuan (2031–2035). Additionally, the system water allocation, primary energy extraction, power generation, and food planting are expected to increase over three time periods. With the increase of water supply in the future, the energy and food production in Yulin City show an increasing trend. It indicates that water shortage will continue to be a major problem in Yulin in the three periods, and that the city still needs to increase water supply and diversion projects to ensure energy security and food security. The results can provide an optimal management scheme for ensuring Yulin City’s water, energy, and food security.</p
The wine theme in Tang dynasty poetry
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “Vīna tēma Tan dinastijas poēzijā”. Šī tēma bija izvēlēta sakarā
ar vīna poēzijas izpētīšanas deficītu. Vīns vienmēr aizņēma svarīgu vietu ķīniešu sociālajā
dzīvē, un it īpaši šis dzēriens bija vispusīgi izmantots Tan dinastijā. Vīna tēmai ir veltīts
milzīgs Tan dzejoļu skaits, bet joprojām šī tēma nebija rūpīgi izpētīta.
Šī bakalaura darba mērķis ir nodemonstrēt, ka vīna tēma Tan dinastijas poēzijā ir tik pat
svarīga kā citas tēmas. Autore studē vīna nozīmi Tan dinastijā un pirms-Tan periodā, akcentē
galvenos Tan poēzijas aspektus, izpētē kādā veidā vīna tēma kļuva par poēzijas sastāvdaļu,
noteic galvenos dzeršanas motīvus poēzijā un analizē slavenu Tan dzejnieku-dzērāju vīna
poēziju.
Atslēgvārdi: Ķīna, Tan, dzeja, vīns.The theme of the bachelor paper is “The wine theme in the Tang dynasty poetry”. The
choice of this theme was determined by the deficit of research on wine poetry. Wine has
always played an important role in Chinese social life, and especially it found an extensive
use in the Tang dynasty. The wine theme takes up a great number of Tang poems, however, it
is not a topic which is studied in depth.
The aim of this bachelor paper is to demonstrate that the wine theme in Tang poetry is
as important as the other themes. The author studies the meaning of wine in the Tang dynasty
and the pre-Tang period, shows the main aspects of Tang poetry, researches how the wine
theme became a part of poetry, ascertains the main drinking motives in poetry and analyzes
wine poetry of the most famous Tang poets-drinkers.
Keywords: China, Tang, poetry, wine
Sphaerobulbus ningliei Zhao & Tang 2020, sp. nov.
No full textSphaerobulbus ningliei sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6, 19–23) Type material. HƟĿƟŦYPൾ: CHINA: YUNNAN: ³, glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Yunnan Prov. Binchuan County, Jizu Shan, 25°57′41.76″N 100°23′36.38″E, alt. 3000 m, 16. VII.2010, Liang Tang leg.” “ Holotype / Sphaerobulbus ningliei / Zhao & Tang” [red handwritten label] (SHNU). Description. Measurements of male: BL: 14.2 mm, FL: 7.7 mm. HL: 2.06 mm, HW: 2.18 mm, EYL: 0.59 mm, TL: 1.00 mm, PL: 2.88 mm, PW: 2.55 mm, EL: 2.89 mm, EW: 2.95 mm. HW/HL: 1.05, TL/EYL: 1.69, PL/PW: 1.13, EL/EW: 0.98. Body entirely blackish with metallic blue tint,appendages reddish except mid and hind coxae darker. Head 1.05 times as wide as long, rounded quadrangular, posterior angles entirely rounded, tempora longer than eyes (ratio 1.69), disc with punctation well delimited on middle portion and more or less confluent on lateral portions, posterior half of head with impunctate midline, interstices densely reticulated, about equal to diameter of punctures on midanterior portion and mostly narrower than half diameter of punctures on the remaining portions. Pronotum 1.13 times as long as wide, widest at about basal third, disc with complete impunctate midline, punctation confluent, interstices reticulated, narrower than half diameter of punctures; scutellum with black pubescence, finely and densely punctate. Elytra 0.98 times as long as wide and as long as pronotum; punctation fine and dense, interstices slightly dull with coarse granulose microsculpture. Abdomen semi-cylindrical, posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior basal line of abdominal tergites III–V distinctly bisinuate, median impression after posterior basal line relatively shallow; punctation dense and fine, interstices reticulated. Male. Sternite VIII emarginate at middle of posterior margin; sternite IX (Fig. 19) emarginate medioapically; tergite X(Fig. 20) subtriangular with apex obtusely pointed. Aedeagus (Fig. 21) with median lobe asymmetrical, apical portion hook-like and pointing to left side in ventral view, paramere slightly asymmetrical, slightly shorter than median lobe, underside of paramere (Figs 22, 23) with a few sensory peg seta in apical portion and one degenerated sensory peg seta at middle of subapical portion. Female. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to S. cardinalis Smetana, 2010 from Sichuan and Yunnan, but can be distinguished from the latter by the posterior angles of the head being rounded (slightly prominent in S. cardinalis), the posterior half of the head with the impunctate midline broad (narrow in S. cardinalis), the apical portion of the aedeagal median lobe hook-like, and the underside of the paramere with sparser sensory peg setae. Both species seem to differ also in the degree of metallic tint in some cases (compare Figs 5 and 26), but this character seems to be variable in S. cardinalis which can also exhibit a bluish-purple tint (A. Smetana, pers. comm. 2020) and the coloration is hence not useful as a diagnostic character. The new species is also a little similar to S. smetanai described above in coloration, but it can be distinguished by the head with an impunctate midline, the elytra distinctly longer, and the abdomen distinctly darker in coloration. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mr. Lie Ning who accompanied the second author during the collecting trip. Distribution. China (Yunnan).Published as part of Zhao, Xin & Tang, Liang, 2020, Three new species of the genus Sphaerobulbus from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), pp. 333-341 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on pages 337-338, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.019, http://zenodo.org/record/387994
Du shu cao tang ming shi: si juan.
No full text順德簡朝亮述."排印留版存讀書草堂, 上海中華書局承印"--Title page verso.Shunde Jian Zhaoliang shu."Pai yin liu ban cun Du shu cao tang, Shanghai Zhonghua shu ju cheng yin"--Title page verso
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