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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
POLA DISTRIBUSI GEN SHV, TEM DAN CTX-M PADA ISOLAT KLINIS Escherichia coli PENGHASIL EXTENDED SPECTRUM b-LACTAMASES (ESBLs) DARI URIN PASIEN DI RSUD Dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA
Full text linkExtended Spectrum
-Lactamases
(ESBLs) merupakan enzim yang dikode
oleh gen yang sebagian besar terdapat di plasmid yang dapat menghidrolisis
antibiotik sefalosporin generasi ketiga dan keempat serta monobaktam
(aztreonam).
E.coli
ESBL bertanggungjawab terhadap terjadinya wabah infeksi
nosokomial, peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas serta peningkatan biaya
kesehatan
. Identifikasi bakteri penghasil ESBL (fenotipik dan genotipik) penting
untuk epidemiologi klinik dan implikasi laboratorium. SHV dan TEM merupakan
tipe klasik ESBL yang banyak dijumpai pada
E.coli
dan yang perlu diwaspadai
yaitu keberadaan gen CTX-M dimana kemampuan hidrolisis sefotaksim lebih
tinggi dibandingan tipe SHV dan TEM.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pola
distribusi gen ESBLs (
bla
SHV,
bla
TEM
&
bla
CTX-M
) pada isolat klinis
E.coli
penghasil ESBL yang berasal dari urin pasien di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.
Isolat klinis
E.coli
yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak tiga puluh yang
merupakan koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo
Surabaya yang berasal dari urin pasien pada bulan Januari-Februari 2014. Uji
kepekaan antibiotik telah dilakukan sebelumnya menggunakan Phoenix di
Laboratorium Mikrobiologi klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya dan dalam
penelitian ini hanya dilakukan analisis dari hasil uji kepekaan antibiotik tersebut.
Bakteri
E.coli
dikultur dalam medium
Mueller-Hinton agar
dengan penambahan
ampisillin 0.128 mg/ml dan sefotaksim 0.002 mg/ml selama 24 jam pada suhu
37
⁰
C. Satu ose koloni yang tumbuh diinokulasikan dalam
mi
krotube yang berisi
0.1 ml aquadest steril dan selanjutnya dilakukan ektstraksi DNA dengan
boil
ing
method
. Hasil ektraksi DNA kemudian dilakukan uji kemurnian DNA bakteri
dengan menghitung rasio pada panjang gelombang 260 dan 280 nm menggunakan
spektrofotometer sampai didapatkan hasil sebesar 1.8-2.0 yang menunjukkan
bahwa DNA bakteri memiliki kemurnian tinggi dan dapat dilakukan amplifikasi
menggunakan PCR. Metode untuk identifikasi ESBL secara genotipik untuk
deteksi gen SHV, TEM dan CTX-
M
yaitu dengan menggunakkan PCR
.
Campuran untuk reaksi PCR
yaitu 25 μl yang terdiri dari 12.5 μl PCR Mastermix,
1.25 μl untuk masing-masing primer dan 5 μl DNA template. Hasil PCR
kemudian dielektroforesis pada 100 volt selama ± 60 menit dan divisualisasikan
pada gel agarose 1.5%. Pita DNA yang dihasilkan untuk deteksi gen SHV, TEM
dan CTX
-M masing-masing sebesar 867 bp, 867 bp dan 593 bp.
Uj
i kepekaan antibiotik yang sudah dilakukan laboratorium Mikrobiologi
Klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya menunjukkan bahwa 100% isolat
E.coli
resisten terhadap sefotaksim dan ampisillin, 96.67% resisten terhadap
levofloksasin, 93.33% resisten terhadap tetrasiklin, 10% resisten terhadap
meropenem dan 20% resisten terhadap fosfomisin. Deteksi
bla
SHV
pada isolat
klinis
E.coli
ESBL di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya sebesar 40% (12/30) dimana
distribusi ruangan asal isolat ditemukan pada Interna (4), IRJ (3), Paru (3) dan
Anak (2)
. Deteksi untuk
bla
TEM
sebesar 33.33% (10/30) dan distribusi ruangan
DISTRIBUSI
GEN
SHV,
TEM
DAN
CTX-M
PADA
ISOLAT
KLINIS
Escherichia
coli
PENGHASIL
EXTENDED
SPECTRUM
b-LACTAMASES
(ESBLs)
DARI
URIN
PASIEN
DI
RSUD
Dr.
SOETOMO
SURABAYA
YULIANTO
ADE
PRASETYA
ix
ditemukan antara lain di Interna (5), IRJ (2), Paru (1), Jiwa (1) dan Saraf (1)
.
Deteksi
bla
CTX-
M
pada isolat klinis
E.coli
ESBL di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
sebesar 90% (27/30) dimana distribusi ruangan asal isolat ditemukan pada Interna
(12), IRJ (5), Paru (4), Anak (3), Jiwa (1), Kulit (1) dan Saraf (1)
. Analisis pola
distribusi
E.coli
ESBL di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya yang membawa gen SHV
dan TEM sebesar 6.67% (2/30)
, SHV dan CTX-M sebesar 36.67% (11/30)
, TEM
dan CTX-M sebesar 30% (9/30) dan yang membawa gen SHV, TEM dan CTX-
M
sebesar 6.67% (2/30).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, beberapa saran yang perlu
ditindak lanjuti untuk penelitian berikutnya yaitu yang pertama perlu dilakukan
sekuensing pada isolat klinis
E.coli
dari urin pasien yang ditemukan membawa
gen SHV, TEM dan CTX-M karena adanya mutasi pada asam amino satu atau
lebih akan menghasilkan resistensi antibiotik yang berbeda. Kedua, perlu diteliti
lebih lanjut mengenai peningkatan keberadaan gen SHV dan TEM yan
g
meningkat persentasenya dari tahun sebelumnya. Ketiga, beberapa
E.coli
pada
penelitian ada yang resisten terhadap karbapenem, sehingga perlu ditelaah lebih
lanjut mengenai potensinya menyebar ke strain atau spesies lain sebagai antisipasi
pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi ESBL
CARBA
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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