38,331 research outputs found
Caterpillar phenology predicts differences in timing of mountain chickadee breeding in urban and rural habitats
No full textTo ensure the survival of their offspring, birds need to precisely time their reproduction: when offspring have the highest demand for food, food resources should be most abundant. In temperate environments, caterpillars are often a key food source for nestlings, so many insectivorous bird species time their reproduction to correspond to the peak abundance of caterpillars in their habitat. Mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) are small songbirds that naturally inhabit coniferous forests, but are also found in urban areas. Reproductive timing of these birds may be altered by urbanization, as mountain chickadees in the city have been shown to breed earlier than those in natural habitat. This study aimed to determine if caterpillar abundance drives reproductive timing of mountain chickadees and if urbanization alters the timing of caterpillar abundance. Birds in both urban and rural habitats were monitored throughout the breeding season. Caterpillar abundance was estimated at each nest location by collecting samples of caterpillar excrement (frass).We found that in both urban and rural habitat, frass mass changed throughout the breeding season, but the date of maximum frass mass occurred about one week earlier in urban habitat. However, in both habitats maximum frass mass occurred when offspring were approximately 11 days old. Our results suggest that mountain chickadees time their reproduction to correspond to caterpillar abundance, and birds in urban environments may be reproducing earlier to correspond with earlier peak caterpillar abundance in the city.Peer reviewedarticlespublishedPoecile gambeliFrassUrbanizationReproductive timingCaterpillarMountain chickade
Urban ‘tourism exploration space’: the example of Łódź
No full textThe author refers to the concept of ‘tourism space’ published earlier, and confronts this notion with a definition of ‘urban space’, bearing in mind that both these ‘spaces’ are subspaces of general ‘geographical space’. Assuming that each is distinguished on the basis of differing criteria, the author believes that the tourism function which gives rise to ‘tourism space’ can develop within ‘urban space’. Further on, the formulation of a precise definition of urban ‘tourism exploration space’ is focused on, which is understood as a personal space of created in the discovery of a city. The conclusion includes three case studies of urban ‘tourism exploration space’ in Łódź: Bidermann family properties, Piotrkowska courtyards and the ‘Green Ring of Tradition and Culture’
Project-Based Urban Dynamics: A Novel Method for Assessing Urban Sprawl (Short Paper)
No full textWe present a new approach to categorizing different types of urban development, namely infilling, fringe, and leapfrogging, based on construction projects as the fundamental unit of analysis. We focus on the role of the leapfrogging projects as seeds for new developments, leading to urban sprawl extending beyond statutory plans. To examine this phenomenon, we analyze the 50-year growth of three major Israeli cities: Netanya, Haifa, and Safed and the 5-year dynamics of 66 cities in Israel that account for 68% of the country’s population. Our investigation utilizes extensive databases of Israeli development plans, along with high-resolution aerial photographs covering the investigated areas and time periods. These datasets were supplemented by detailed Israeli databases encompassing roads, buildings, and other infrastructure elements, compiled by the Israeli Mapping Centre for the year 2018. Our analysis reveals that although most construction projects in Israel adhere to land-use plans, urban sprawl in Israel remains highly unpredictable. Leapfrogging is specific in terms of both place and time, attracts additional development nearby, and forces the divergence from development plans. We conclude that urban modelers' view of urban dynamics being driven by common and systematic forces, is unrealistic. Instead, every city has its specific and self-enforcing development drivers that define its land-use dynamics. This explains the limited success of the Cellular Automata (CA) models in explaining and predicting urban dynamics
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Kyiv (Ukraine): "Crisis Induced Strategy" versus Recreational Resource
No full textFor the study 240 Kyiv households with urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) have been surveyed in 2005. Quotas were assigned to four different types of plots. A standardized questionnaire was developed to collect data on crop and animal production, inputs, sales of produce for income, importance of the plot for self-sufficiency, recreation and leisure time. A factor analysis is employed to reduce attitudinal data. Based on factor scores a cluster analysis is conducted to segment the respondents into more homogeneous groups and to show multiple purposes of UPA. Four clusters labeled as “Seekers of leisure activities”, “UPA-dependent growers”, “Recreation-oriented growers” and “Little engaged growers” are created. Multiple purposes of UPA are shown by profiling the clusters due to demographic, socioeconomic and other selected characteristics. The results show that depending on the type of plot the importance of UPA shifts from livelihood necessity to recreational resource or combines both.Urban and peri-urban agriculture, livelihood, Ukraine, Farm Management,
Inhibition of BK channels by GABAb receptors enhances intrinsic excitability of layer 2/3 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons in mouse neocortex
No full textDatasets for the publication titled: Bogaj K, Urban-Ciecko J. Inhibition of BK channels by GABAb receptors enhances intrinsic excitability of layer 2/3 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons in mouse neocortex. J Physiol. 2025 Mar;603(5):1171-1196. doi: 10.1113/JP286439. Epub 2025 Feb 3. PMID: 39901494; PMCID: PMC11870045.Raw data contains electrophysiological records in *.abf format (Clampfit, Molecular Devices, free to open and analysis).Please consult the Readme.odt file for additional information. For more details see related publication or contact the corresponding author.</p
Total Cost Assessment (TCA)
No full textChapter 3.24Report of the Horizon 2020 project UrBAN-WASTE. Information about the project can be found on Internet.OLD Urban and Regional DevelopmentSpatial Planning and Strateg
Sustainable neighbourhood transformation
No full textUrban renewal through the large-scale restructuring of post-war neighbourhoods is a major challenge throughout Europe in the decades ahead, Current urban restructuring programmes in the Netherlands focus on the demolition and replacement of the existing housing stock, The motivation behind this strategy is creating a better social mix between 'poor¿ and 'better-off¿ households, to improve the general quality of the housing stock and to create a financially viable restructuring programme, The general aim is to improve various aspects of sustainability in urban neighbourhoods, Are demolition and replacement strategies the most effective and efficient way to achieve this objective? In this book, we examine the effects of demolition and replacement strategies on sustainability from different perspectives.OT
Industrial Symbiosis (IS)
No full textChapter 3.15Report of the Horizon 2020 project UrBAN-WASTE. Information about the project can be found on Internet.OLD Urban and Regional DevelopmentSpatial Planning and Strateg
Brazilian urban porosity: Treat or threat?
No full textUrban areas have spatial discontinuities, such as disconnected neighbourhoods, brownfield areas and leftover places. They can be captured by the metaphor of urban porosity. This paper aims to highlight the potential social consequences of urban porosity by creating a ‘porosity index’. The authors argue that these areas can provide capacity for flexibility, fluidity and absorption in major cities, but that they can also be a source of fragmentation, disconnection and isolation between different social groups, eroding the adaptive capacity of metropolitan systems. Porosity may thus have both positive and negative influences on the resilience of urban systems. Brazil's rapid process of urbanisation over the last 50 years shows both these sides of porosity, which create treats and threats for its urban systems. This paper develops an analytical framework within which to study how porosity manifests itself in Brazilian metropolises, which helps to identify porosity in the context of urban growth and decline. It uses statistical data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics relating to 12 Brazilian metropolises to generate the proposed porosity index. Additionally, the paper discusses the added value of the concept of urban porosity in addressing urban resilience and briefly elucidates the issues and opportunities caused by discontinuities in the urban fabric in Brazil's metropolises.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen
GABAAR-mediated tonic inhibition differentially modulates intrinsic excitability of VIP- and SST- expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex
No full textData set used for study published in the following paper:Bogaj K, Kaplon R, Urban-Ciecko J. GABAAR-mediated tonic inhibition differentially modulates intrinsic excitability of VIP- and SST- expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex. Front Cell Neurosci. 2023 Oct 12;17:1270219. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1270219. PMID: 37900589; PMCID: PMC10602639. Raw data contains electrophysiological records in *.abf format (Clampfit, free online).Abbreviations: VIP, vip - vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneuron SST, sst - somatostatin-expressing interneuronPyr, pyr - pyramidal neuronm - malef - femaleINs - interneuronsPTX - picrotoxinTHIP - 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-olGABAAR - receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid type ASD noise - Standard Deviation of the baseline noiseFor more details see the related paper and/or contact the corresponding author. All the abbreviations are explained in the related paper.</p
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