7 research outputs found
Climate change in the Ak-Shiyrak massive area and its impact on glaciers
Get PDFThe data from Tien Shan meteorological station (3614 m a.s.l.) were used to analyze the climate changes (the air temperature and precipitation) in the area of glaciation of the Ak-Shyirak massive over the period of 1930–2015 years. In 1999, this station had been moved to a new position, and for the later years, data on the air temperature and precipitation were brought to homogeneous series by methods of differences and correlations. Coefficients of linear trends of annual/monthly values of temperatures and precipitation sums were calculated for the following three periods: 1930–1975 – stable global climate (b1); 1976–2015 – global warming (b2), and 1930–2015 – period of instrumental observations as a whole (b3). In addition, for the practical use, we calculated climatic values of the temperature and precipitation for different standard time intervals within the period under investigation. It was revealed that the average annual temperatures in the region rose over the years at the rate of 0,188 °C/10 years, while in 1930–1975 years this rate was 3,5 times smaller (b1 = 0,110 °C/10 years) than in 1976–2015 years (b2 = 0,375 °C/10 years). The highest rates were recorded in February (b2 = 1,043 °C/10 years) and March (b2 = 0,855 °C/10 years). Precipitations are known to have significant inter-annual variability (especially in 1975–2000), so only the b3 trend is used as the rep‑ resentative one, obtained over the whole period of observations. During this period, the annual sum of pre‑ cipitation decreased at the rate of −7,88 mm/10 years, but during the seasons both, decreasing and increas‑ ing in precipitation, was observed within limits of changes of the trends: from −4,420 mm/10 years (July) to 0,743 mm/10 years (February). These climate changes were compared with decrease of the glaciation param‑ eters in the Ak-Shyirak massive for 1943–1976 and 1977–2003 periods, in particular, area (ΔS), height of the glacier surfaces (ΔH), and their volumes (ΔV). By the second period, the rate of decreasing of these param‑ eters had grown by the factor 1.5–2, while the temperature changes according to the above trends increased, on the average for a year, by factor 2.7, and the change in precipitation decreased by 20%
MENTAL DISORDERS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH INTERNAL DISEASES
No full textThe lecture article describes common mental disorders in elderly patients with somatic and mental diseases combinations. Practice recommendations for internists are presented
Bibliographic culture of periodical as a direction of informational and analytical library work
No full textУ статті викладено основні зміни у діяльності Інформаційно-бібліографічного відділу Наукової бібліотеки ОНУ імені І. І. Мечникова у галузі інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності. Особливу увагу зосереджено на формуванні бібліографічної культури періодичного видання, просуванні університетських видань у глобальному інформаційному науковому просторі, що сприяє розповсюдженню результатів наукової діяльності університету у світовому науковому середовищі.В статье изложены основные изменения в деятельности Информационнобиблиографического отдела Научной библиотеки ОНУ имени И. И. Мечникова в области информационно-аналитической деятельности. Особое внимание сосредоточено на формировании библиографической культуры периодического издания, продвижении университетских изданий в глобальном информационном пространстве, что способствует распространению результатов научной деятельности университета в мировом научном сообществе.The purpose of the article is a definition of changes in the work of Informational and Bibliographic Department of Scientific Library of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University that have happened recently. The purpose of the publication consists the description of the directions of the Department activity and informational analytics in particular.
The author mainly used methods of theoretical research such as analysis, synthesis, generalization.
The analysis shows that in consequence of transformation in the work of Informational and Bibliographic Department informational analitycs has become its priority activity.The main purpose of such kind of work is improving the quality of publishing output of the university that is realized in formation of bibliographical culture of publications, as well as promotion of the periodicals in global scientific space. To that end legal and regulatory framework of periodical publications, inclusion to the list of professional scientific publications of Ukraine was monitored. Besides its conditions of inclusion, the editions to such scientometric databases as Scopus, Index Copernicus, Russian Science Citation Index were studied.
Described experience of transformation processes in the Scientific Library of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University will be useful for other college libraries. Materials of publication may be used by journal editorial boards for editing periodical for publishing and for including the edition to the International Scientific Society.
The analysis of the Department’s work showed a necessity of reorganization. Generally, the Scientific Library of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University responds quickly to the modern transformations in educational process and scientific activity, considering the development of informational technologies
Изменение климата в районе массива Ак-Шийрак и его влияние на ледники
Get PDFThe data from Tien Shan meteorological station (3614 m a.s.l.) were used to analyze the climate changes (the air temperature and precipitation) in the area of glaciation of the Ak-Shyirak massive over the period of 1930–2015 years. In 1999, this station had been moved to a new position, and for the later years, data on the air temperature and precipitation were brought to homogeneous series by methods of differences and correlations. Coefficients of linear trends of annual/monthly values of temperatures and precipitation sums were calculated for the following three periods: 1930–1975 – stable global climate (b1); 1976–2015 – global warming (b2), and 1930–2015 – period of instrumental observations as a whole (b3). In addition, for the practical use, we calculated climatic values of the temperature and precipitation for different standard time intervals within the period under investigation. It was revealed that the average annual temperatures in the region rose over the years at the rate of 0,188 °C/10 years, while in 1930–1975 years this rate was 3,5 times smaller (b1 = 0,110 °C/10 years) than in 1976–2015 years (b2 = 0,375 °C/10 years). The highest rates were recorded in February (b2 = 1,043 °C/10 years) and March (b2 = 0,855 °C/10 years). Precipitations are known to have significant inter-annual variability (especially in 1975–2000), so only the b3 trend is used as the rep‑ resentative one, obtained over the whole period of observations. During this period, the annual sum of pre‑ cipitation decreased at the rate of −7,88 mm/10 years, but during the seasons both, decreasing and increas‑ ing in precipitation, was observed within limits of changes of the trends: from −4,420 mm/10 years (July) to 0,743 mm/10 years (February). These climate changes were compared with decrease of the glaciation param‑ eters in the Ak-Shyirak massive for 1943–1976 and 1977–2003 periods, in particular, area (ΔS), height of the glacier surfaces (ΔH), and their volumes (ΔV). By the second period, the rate of decreasing of these param‑ eters had grown by the factor 1.5–2, while the temperature changes according to the above trends increased, on the average for a year, by factor 2.7, and the change in precipitation decreased by 20%.По многолетним наблюдениям (1930–2015 гг.) на метеорологической станции Тянь-Шань (3 610 м над ур. моря) проанализированы происходящие климатические изменения в районе высокогорного массива Ак-Шийрак во Внутреннем Тянь-Шане. Для трёх периодов (1930–1975, 1976–2015, 1930–2015 гг.) определены характеристики линейных трендов температуры воздуха и осадков, а также нормы их многолетних средних значений. Полученные результаты сопоставлены с данными об изменениях ледников в массиве Ак-Шийрак
Способ получения и изучение биологических свойств меченной йодом-123 производной аминоглюкозы
Get PDFSearch and synthesis of glucose derivatives for nuclear medicine is of great current interest. Being a promising analogue of glucose, D-glucosamine iodine labeled glucose derivatives can be applied in rheumatoid arthritis radionuclide diagnostics and therapy as a radiopharmaceutical.The purpose of the study. Synthesis of a new iodine labeled D-glucosamine derivative; development of the iodine-123 labeling method and the obtained glucose derivative biostudy.Materials and methods. Synthesis of 2-N-(6-iodohexanoyl)-D-glucosamine was carried out through established techniques in organic chemistry. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to establish the test compound structure. Isotope change between iodine-127 and iodine-123 of glucosamine derivative was conducted using the heating of mix of the compound and Na123I in acetone. The radio-TLC method was applied to estimate the radiochemical purity of 2-N- (6-iod-123-hexanoyl) -D-glucosamine. The safe application and test of drug pharmacokinetic parameters study was performed on intact Wistar male rats.Results. An original 2-N-(6-iodohexanoyl)-D-glucosamine synthesis method was proposed. According to the method, an intermediate synthesis succimide-1-yl 6-iodohexanoate was obtained by the cyclohexanone oxidative cleavage reaction. The radiochemical purity of 2-N-(6-iodo-123-hexanoyl)-D-glucosamine was more than 97%.Conclusion. 2-N-(6-iodohexanoyl)-D-glucosamine was synthesized and iodine-123 labeled. When investigating the proposed radiopharmaceutical safety and pharmacokinetics, it was shown the drug lacks acute toxicity through intravenous injection and is excreted renally by glomerular filtration.В настоящее время являются актуальными поиск и синтез производных глюкозы для ядерной медицины. В последние годы D-глюкозамин является перспективным аналогом глюкозы, модифицированные йодпроизводные которого, возможно, могут быть применены в радионуклидной диагностики, и радиойодтерапии ревматоидного артрита в качестве радиофармацевтического препарата (РФП).Цель исследования. Синтез нового йодсодержащего производного D-глюкозамина, разработка методики его мечения йодом-123 и биологическое изучение свойств полученного препарата.Материалы и методы. Синтез 2-N-(6-йодгексаноил)-D-глюкозамина проводили с использованием общепринятых приемов в органической химии. Для установления структуры исследуемого соединения использовали инфракрасную спектроскопию и спектроскопию ядерно-магнитного резонанса. Изотопный обмен стабильного йода-127, присутствующего в алифатической цепи, на его радиоактивный аналог – йод-123 проводили при нагревании смеси полученного производного D-глюкозамина с натрий йодидом Na123I в ацетоне с последующим синтезом в твердой фазе. Для оценки радиохимической чистоты 2-N-(6-йод123гексаноил)-D-глюкозамина использовали метод хроматографии в тонком слое сорбента. Изучение безопасности применения и фармакокинетических параметров исследуемого препарата производилось на интактных самцах крыс линии Вистар.Результаты. Была предложена оригинальная методика синтеза 2-N-(6-йодгексаноил)-D-глюкозамина, по которой промежуточный продукт синтеза сукцимид-1-ил 6-йодгексаноат был получен по реакции окислительного расщепления циклогексанона, являющейся экологически безопасной. Радиохимическая чистота 2-N-(6-йод123гексаноил)-D-глюкозамина составила более 97%. Заключение. Синтезирован 2-N-(6-йодгексаноил)-D-глюкозамин и проведено его мечение йодом-123. При исследовании безопасности применения и изучении фармакокинетики предлагаемого РФП было показано, что препарат не обладает острой токсичностью при внутривенном введении и выводится почками путем клубочковой фильтрации
Epidemiological study to support the establishment of a progressive zoning approach for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Myanmar
Get PDFFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease which has a significant impact on the economy and livestock productivity of affected countries. The research reported in this thesis involved investigation of the epidemiology of FMD in a potentially free (Tanintharyi) and an endemic (Sagaing) region of Myanmar. The animal level sero-prevalence in the Sagaing was high (42%, 95% CI 37.7 - 47.1) in contrast to that in Tanintharyi Division (11.7%, 5.9 - 17.4). Possible source of FMD in those locations may be due to communal grazing, using only underground water sources, purchasing cattle in March annually as a logestic regression model. In contrast, FMD was negative associated with trading of cattle within the same village where the farmers possessed less than only 10 cattle.
During this study, the traditional Dutaik meeting approach which is conducted in rural area of Myanmar ,was developed as a participatory disease tool and was validated with data collected from serological surveys and questionnaire interviews. It was concluded that the MTD meeting approach is a suitable technique to use for detecting FMD with the significant advantages of time and cost effectiveness. It is proposed that the MTD meeting approach is suitable for use in progressive zoning for the control of FMD in Myanmar and can be used to actively involve farmers in the control program and to increase their awareness of the impact of FMD.
In this study, a partial budgeting model with Monte Carlo simulation was developed to understand the influence of FMD on the economics of animal draught power, which is the major livestock input into the nation's agricultural enterprise. The model revealed losses to farmers were very high if outbreaks occurred every year. The findings of this study are useful for convincing farmers of the potential losses from FMD and the financial benefit in controlling the disease.
The movements of livestock in the Sagaing Division and in the Tanintharyi Division were different, with movements in the Sagaing being more complex. These movement data support the decision to develop a potential free zone area for FMD without vaccination in the Tanintharyi Division (Myanmar MTM area). Positive results from a sero-surveillance study conducted in 2005 in the Tanintharyi Division were most likely false positive results. This was supported by findings from the MTD meetings where no evidence of clinical disease was reported by farmers in contrast to areas where the disease was endemic.
It is concluded that the use of a zoning approach with vaccination in the endemic area of the Sagaing Division is an appropriate option for the control of FMD. At this stage it is not feasible to undertake control and eradication of FMD in the whole country. The complex animal movement patterns and the endemic nature of the disease pose real challenges for its control. However, in Myanmar the MTD meeting approach is a cost-effective option for surveillance to improve the FMD status early in an eradication campaign
Estudos pré-clínicos para caracterização do ácido ascórbico como uma nova alternativa para o tratamento da depressão
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2013A bubectomia olfatória (BO) é um modelo animal de depressão bem estabelecido na literatura capaz de avaliar atividade antidepressiva após tratamento crônico e resulta em alterações comportamentais e bioquímicas que mimetizam vários sintomas de depressão. Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular da América tropical para o tratamento de sintomas depressivos. No presente estudo foi investigada a habilidade do tratamento repetido (14 dias) via oral (p.o.) do extrato de T. avellanedae de: a) produzir um efeito do tipo-antidepressivo no teste da suspensão da cauda (TSC); b) alterar fosforilação de Akt, GSK-3?, ERK1/2, CREB e o imunoconteúdo de BDNF hipocampal; c) reverter alterações comportamentais (hiperatividade e comportamento anedônico), bioquímicas (Akt, GSK-3?, ERK1/2, CREB e imunoconteúdo de BDNF hipocampal) induzidas pela BO em camundongos. A administração de extrato (10-30 mg/kg) durante 14 dias produziu um efeito do tipo-antidepressivo significativo no TSC. Adicionalmente, o extrato aumentou significativamente os níveis de fosforilação de CREB (Ser133) e GSK-3? (Ser9) (nas doses de 10-30 e 30 mg/kg, respectivamente). A BO causou um aumento de pCREB e pERK1 e do imunoconteúdo de BDNF. O tratamento com extrato preveniu a hiperatividade, anedonia, aumento de pERK1 e do imunoconteúdo de BDNF, de maneira similar à fluoxetina. Fluoxetina preveniu o aumento de pCREB induzido pela BO. Além disso, a fluoxetina causou uma diminuição significativa de pERK2 no grupo BO. Akt (Ser473) não foi alterada em nenhum grupo experimental. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo se propôs a avaliar o envolvimento dos receptores NMDA e da via da L-arginina-NO-GMPc na ação do tipo-antidepressiva do extrato de T. avellanedae no TSC. O efeito anti-imobilidade do extrato (30 mg/kg, p.o.) foi prevenido pelo pré-tratamento dos camundongos com NMDA (0,1 pmol/sítio, i.c.v.), L-arginina (750 mg/kg, i.p., um substrato para a enzima óxido nítrico sintase) e sildenafil (5 mg/kg, i.p., um inibidor da enzima fosfodiesterase 5). Adicionalmente, a combinação de MK-801 (0,01 mg/kg, p.o., um antagonista não competitivo de receptor NMDA), 7-nitroindazol (25 mg/kg, i.p., um inibidor da NO sintase neuronal) e 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-ona (ODQ) (30 pmol/sítio i.c.v., um inibidor da guanilato ciclase solúvel) com uma dose sub-ativa de extrato (1 mg/kg, p.o.) produziu um efeito do tipo-antidepressivo sinérgico no TSC, sem causar nenhuma alteração significante na atividade locomotora dos animais. Em conjunto, os resultados mostram que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo do extrato pode estar associado com a fosforilação de CREB e GSK-3?. Além disso, a habilidade do extrato de prevenir as alterações comportamentais induzidas pela BO parece ser mediada pela via de neuroproteção da ERK1 e BDNF. Adicionalmente, os resultados sugerem que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo do extrato no TSC é dependente do bloqueio da ativação dos receptores NMDA e da inibição da síntese de NO-GMPc, extendendo dados da literatuta sobre a ação do tipo-antidepressiva desta planta, e ainda, reforçando o papel destes alvos para o mecanismo de ação de agentes antidepressivos. Nosso conjunto de resultados indica que esta planta pode se constituir uma estratégia atrativa para o manejo de sintomas de depressão agitada e/ou associada com anedonia.Abstract : Clinical and preclinical data have reported that ascorbic acid has antidepressant properties. The present study investigated the involvement of N-metil D-Aspartate NMDA receptors, L-arginine-NOcGMP pathway and K+ channels in the antidepressant-like effect of ascorbic acid in the tail suspension test (TST). In addition, we evaluated the behavioral and biochemical effects of this compound in two different models of depression induced by stress (restraint stress and chronic unpredictable stress). The anti-immobility effect of ascorbic acid (1 mg/kg, p.o.) in the TST was prevented by the pre-treatment of mice with NMDA (0.1 pmol/site), L-arginine (750 mg/kg) or sildenafil (5 mg/kg). Moreover, the administration of MK-801 (0.001 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (25 mg/kg) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-ona (ODQ) (30 pmol/site) in combination with a sub-effective dose of ascorbic acid (0.1 mg/kg) produced a synergistic antidepressant effect in the TST. The administration of a sub-effective dose of ascorbic acid (0.1 mg/kg) combined to sub-effective doses of inhibitors of K+ channels (TEA, glibenclamide, charibdotoxin or apamin), elicited synergistic antidepressant-like effect in TST , while the pre-treatment of animals with K+ channel openers (cromakalim and minoxidil) reversed the antidepressant-like effect of an active dose of ascorbic acid (1 mg/kg). Similarly, the administration of cromakalim abolished the synergistic antidepressant effect elicited by the combined treatment with subeffective doses of ascorbic acid and 7-nitroindazole. Exposure of mice to stressors applied acutely (restraint stress - 7 hours) or chronically (chronic unpredictable stress - 14 days) promoted an increase in the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and TST, respectively. Besides, the stress protocols cause an oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice, effects which were reversed by ascorbic acid administration (1 mg/kg in the restraint stress protocol and 10 mg/kg in the chronic unpredictable stress protocol). Altogether, our results suggest that the antidepressant effect of ascorbic acid in the TST is dependent on the blockade of NMDA receptors, inhibition of K+ channels and NO/GMPc synthesis. Furthermore, ascorbic acid displays an important antidepressant effect in animal models of depression induced by stress, at least in part, due to its antioxidant properties.Nota: a autora autorizou somente uma versão parcial da tes
