742 research outputs found
Emergence, fecundity and longevity of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) after cold storage
No full text玉米螟赤眼卵寄生蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen）用外米綴蛾(Corcyra cephalonica Stainton）卵做為代用寄主時，雌雄蜂自卵出生至成蟲羽化之嶺育速率皆隨溫度之升高而呈直線加快。其一次迴歸之R2 值分別達0.9962與0.9930，發育臨界低溫分別為9.59℃與8.91℃。將不同日齡蜂片分別在9℃與6℃、12℃下進行冷藏試驗，結果在12℃下之較老齡蜂片於冷藏期間即陸續羽化，其餘日齡蜂片冷藏5日後之潛在寄生數亦多比6、9℃者顯著較少，因此認為12℃較不適做為冷藏溫度。6℃與9℃之冷藏效果相近，但皆有負面影響。雌成蜂壽命，經此二溫度冷藏後分別為35-63日與28-50日，皆比對照組的90日顯著減短。潛在寄生數除第6日齡在9℃冷藏結果與對照組差異不顯著外，其餘處理皆顯著減少，其中尤以第3、4、8日齡蜂冷藏者更少。可知不同冷藏溫度對蜂片冷藏後之雌蜂羽化數、壽命及繁殖有不同之影響，而進入冷藏的日齡亦是影響冷藏效果的重要因素。
The developmental rate from egg to adult of female and male parasitoids (Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen) reared on rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica Stainton) eggs went up with increasing of temperature. And the R -values by linear regression were 0.9962 and 0.9930, respectively, with 9.59℃ and 8.91 ℃ for low temperature development threshold. Cold storage of various day age parasitoid cards at 6, 9, or 12℃ was conducted in this study. Result showed that 12℃ was not a suitable temperature for cold storage because the parasitoid adults could emerge successively within stored period, and their potential parasitism were mostly significantly fewer than that was stored at 6℃ and 9℃. Cold storage at 6℃ and 9℃ achieved almost similar result, but both temperatures had various negative effects. Female adult longevity were 3.5-6.3 and 2.8-5.0 days for both temperatures respectively, which were shorter than the control of 9.0 days. The potential parasitism, the 3rd, 4th, 8th day age parasitoid of both temperature treatments were especially less than that of the control, except the 6th day age parasitoid at 9℃. Apparently, different temperatures could have different effects to the adult emergence, longevity and fecundity. And the stage of parasitoid is an important factor affecting the efficacy of cold storage
Suitability of Bactricera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) egg as food for Harmonia dimidiata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
No full text於室內溫度 25℃ ± 1℃，75% ± 10% RH，光照 14 : 10 (L:D) 小時條件下進行小
十三星瓢蟲 (Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius)) 取食東方果實蠅 (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) 卵的發育與生殖試驗。結果顯示取食低壓冷凍乾燥東方果實蠅卵的小十三星瓢蟲幼蟲發育所需時間比取食對照食物 (棉蚜，Aphis gossypii Glover) 者較長，初羽化成蟲的體重也比較輕，但受測的 40 隻幼蟲中有 29 隻能完成發育羽化為成蟲。因此，低壓冷凍乾燥的東方果實蠅卵可視為是小十三星瓢蟲幼蟲合適的 (adequate) 食物。而由成蟲每雌一生總產卵量有 646.6 粒，卵孵化率平均 47.3%，東方果實蠅鮮卵可認為是小十三瓢蟲成蟲合適的食物。此外，若將雄性族群納入考量，日齡別生殖力 (mx，日齡 x 的每成蟲產卵量) ≤ 日齡齡期別生殖力 (fx，日齡 x 的每雌產卵量)，顯示忽視雄性族群的結果，有可能高估族群的增殖力。
Development and fecundity of the lady beetle [Harmonia dimidiata (Fabricius)] fed on the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) egg was carried out under conditions of 25 ± 1℃, 75 ± 10% RH, and 14 : 10 (L:D) photoperiod at laboratory. Results showed that the development time of larva raised on fly eggs was longer, body weight of new emerged adult was lighter than that on the reference prey (Aphis gossypii Glover), while 29 of 40 candidate individuals raised on fly eggs could complete to adulthood. The lyophilized B. dorsalis eggs can be considered as the "adequate" food for the larva of H. dimidiata. And can be also as adequate food for adult, because 646.6 eggs with 47.3% of hatching rate produced per female cultured with B. dorsalis eggs. Moreover, the male population is taken into consideration, the age specific fecundity (mx, number of egg produced per individual at age x) is always smaller than the age-stage specific fecundity ( fx, number of egg produced per female at age x). Consequently, the capacity of a population growing may be overestimated if ignore its male population
sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345231210547 – Supplemental material for Claudin-10 Decrease in the Submandibular Gland Contributes to Xerostomia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345231210547 for Claudin-10 Decrease in the Submandibular Gland Contributes to Xerostomia by L. He, S.Z. Yuan, X.D. Mao, Y.W. Zhao, Q.H. He, Y. Zhang, J.Z. Su, L.L. Wu, G.Y. Yu and X. Cong in Journal of Dental Research</p
(41(3):295-310)Assessment of field releases of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for the control of the Aaian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full text本試驗於本省臺中縣外埔、霧峰及烏日等地區，以連續增補釋放玉米螟赤眼卵蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen）的方式，進行對亞洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis（Guénée））防治效果評估及與化學防治法的比較。自74年秋作至76年春作四期作之試驗結果，除75年秋作不明顯外，單獨釋放該蜂或放蜂配合施用藥劑均可減少植株被害率，有防治玉米螟之效果，但在絕大部份的處理區中，玉米螟卵塊發生數均與卵塊被寄生率無顯著相關性；在74年秋作和75年春作的放蜂區，玉米螟卵塊被寄生率分別為43.61～55.61％和32.33～40.29％，75年秋作和76年春作經增加放蜂量後其寄生率均大幅提高，分別為70.54～74.20％和60.79～65.13％，顯示玉米螟赤眼卵蜂在玉米螟之綜合防治策略中有其利用價值。比較藥劑防治區和對照區之玉米螟卵塊被寄生率，二者間差異不顯著，此表示施用加保扶（3％ Furadan）或毒斯本（5％ Dursban）粒劑農藥對本寄生蜂田間族群無明顯的不利影響。
The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma ostriniae pang & Chen, was released for the control of the Asian corn borer at Waipu, Wufeng and Wujih in central Taiwan for each crop season from fall of 1985 to spring of 1987. Control efficacy through various corn borer control strategies was evaluated over four crop seasons in this study. In summary, releases of T. ostriniae only or integrating parasitoid with insecticide application reduced percent plant injured and gained good control of the Asian corn borer. Parasitism of corn borer egg masses was generally uncorrelated to the abundance of borer egg masses occurred in corn field. Percent parasitisms of egg masses are 43.61~55.6% and 32.33~40.29% over wasp releasing treatments in fall crop 1985 and spring crop 1986, respectively. The increase of releasing number of the wasps raised the parasitism of egg masses up to 70.54~74.20% and 60.79~65.13% over wasp releasing treatments in fall crop 1986 and spring crop 1987, respectively, which revealed the potential of using T. ostriniae in Asian corn borer management system. Percent parasitisms of egg masses for control treatments were not consistently higher than those for insecticide only treatments, which indicated that the use of granular insecticide might not cause any adverse effect on the wasps
A tücsök meg a hangyák
No full textThis children's book is composed of seven thick boards bound together. On the cover a grasshopper with moustache sits on a mushroom playing his fiddle as a row of ants marches by carrying or rolling food and an ant-baby. The next pages expand on their labors. They include a cut-out portion that looks past their hill to the flowers. On the following pages ants continue their workline while, I believe, young grasshoppers dance about and the older grasshopper continues to fiddle. Succeeding pages show more ant work, including carrying off a dead or exhausted ant on a stretcher. And we see lots of grasshopper fiddlers while other ants push carts full of food, both by day and by night. Soon there are rains and snows, and an ant finds the grasshopper lying next to his fiddle on the ground. The ants take him in, feed him, and dance to his music. I believe it is typical of the East Block countries that a Hungarian book was executed in Czechoslovakia. Might there have been a Czech original?Language note: Hungaria
The probabilistic and dynamic nature of perception in human generalization behavior
No full textGeneralization theories traditionally overlook how our mental representations dynamically change in the process of transferring learned knowledge to new contexts. We integrated perceptual and generalization theories into a computational model using data from 80 participants who underwent Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments. The model analyzed continuous measures of perception and fear generalization to understand their relationship. Our findings revealed large individual variations in perceptual processes that directly influence generalization patterns. By examining how perceptual and generalization mechanisms work together, we uncovered their combined role in producing generalization behavior. This research illuminates the probabilistic perceptual foundations underlying individual differences in generalization, emphasizing the crucial integration between perceptual and generalization processes. Understanding this relationship enhances our knowledge of generalization behavior and has potential implications for various cognitive domains including categorization, motor learning, language processing, and face recognition-all of which rely on generalization as a fundamental cognitive process.K.Y. is supported by an FWO research project (co-PI: J.Z., G079520N). J.Z. is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, 12P8623N) and received funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
K.Y. , W.F., and F.T. are also supported in part by the Research Fund of KU Leuven (C14/23/062). The resources and services used in this work were also provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by FWO
and the Flemish Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript
It is not magic, it is smith: Comparison in a study of Jewish theology
No full textIn a search for a theoretical framework that would structure and orient a comparative analysis of diverse Jewish theological responses to the Holocaust, the author reached for J.Z. Smith’s discussions of comparative enterprise. The questions of similarity, difference and of the putative goal of comparison loomed large over her project. In J.Z. Smith’s work, the author found helpful clues, illuminating insights as well as somewhat confusing and counterintuitive examples
Petroleum subsidies in Yemen: Leveraging reform for development
Full text linkPetroleum subsidy reform is increasingly seen as an opportunity for consolidating public finances and fostering sustainable economic development. Yemen, as the country with the lowest per capita income in the group of countries with a high level of energy subsidies, started to reduce subsidies in 2010 and is discussing further options for reform. The results of this paper support a comprehensive petroleum subsidy reform in Yemen. Economic growth is projected to accelerate between 0.1 and 0.8 percentage points annually as a result of reform. Yet, the design of the reform is critically important, especially for the poor. Outcomes of alternative reform scenarios range from an increase in poverty of 2 to 6 percentage points. A promising strategy combines subsidy reduction with direct transfers of 13,800 to 19,700 Yemeni rials annually to the poorest 30 percent of households and enhanced public investments. Investments should focus on the utilities, transport, trade, and construction sectors to integrate economic spaces and create the platform for a restructuring of agricultural, industrial, and service value chains, which should encourage private sector led and job creating growth in the medium term.Development strategies, Growth, petroleum subsidy, Poverty, Reform,
It is not magic, it is smith: Comparison in a study of Jewish theology
Full text linkIn a search for a theoretical framework that would structure and orient a comparative analysis of diverse Jewish theological responses to the Holocaust, the author reached for J.Z. Smith’s discussions of comparative enterprise. The questions of similarity, difference and of the putative goal of comparison loomed large over her project. In J.Z. Smith’s work, the author found helpful clues, illuminating insights as well as somewhat confusing and counterintuitive examples.acceptedVersion© 2019. This is the authors' accepted and refereed manuscript. Locked until 12 February 2021 due to copyright restrictions. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341460
The assessment of gender differences in perceptual fear generalization and related processes
No full textIn this study we aimed to investigate gender differences in fear generalization tendencies in humans and, inspired by recent findings in animal research, examine whether any such differences could stem from differences in memory precision. Forty men and forty women underwent a differential fear conditioning procedure using geometric shapes as cues. Subsequently, generalized fear responses were assessed across a spectrum of perceptually similar shapes. Throughout generalization testing, perceptual memory accuracy was repeatedly probed using a stimulus recreation task. Using statistical and computational modeling, we found strong evidence for the absence of gender differences in fear learning and generalization behavior. The evidence for gender differences in related processes such as perception and memory was inconclusive. Although some of our findings hinted at the possibility that women may be more perceptive of physical differences between stimuli and have more accurate memory than men, those observations were not consistently replicated across experimental conditions and analytical approaches. Our results contribute to the emerging literature on gender differences in perceptual fear generalization in humans and underscore the need for further systematic research to explore the interplay between gender and mechanisms associated with fear generalization across different experimental contexts.K.Y. is supported by an FWO research project (co-PI: J.Z., G079520N). J.Z. is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, 12P8623N) and received funding from the Alexander von Humbold-Foundation. The research leading to the results reported in this paper was also supported in part by the Research Fund of KU Leuven (C14/19/054 and C16/19/002) and the resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by FWO and the Flemish Government. We extend our gratitude to Ruth van Malderen and Nicole Andrea Rubio Odell for their assistance with data collection
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