3,075,121 research outputs found
Interview with Young Mi Chi
Full text linkYoung Mi Chi immigrated with her family from Korea to the U.S. in 1976. She grew up in Koreatown, Los Angeles, where she was very involved with her faith community. Inspired by her strong Christian values, her passion is to help others. She is currently a transporter and a sewist in the Auntie Sewing Squad.https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/auntiesewing_interviews/1029/thumbnail.jp
Views of children and young people in foster care survey: education
Full text linkThis paper explores the educational experiences of children and young people living in foster care in Queensland. Findings are drawn from the responses of 845 children and 1180 young people to the 2011 Views of Children and Young People in Foster Care survey, which is a rich source of information about children’s and young people’s attitudes towards and perceptions of their own education. Findings relate to educational status, key markers of educational disadvantage including suspensions and exclusions, and specific problems children and young people experience at school, as well as children’s and young people’s enjoyment of school and aspirations for the future. Information about educational support, including Educational Support Plans and support provided by Child Safety Officers and Community Visitors are also presented. Where relevant, comparisons are made between the 2011 survey results and prior surveys conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Relationships between key educational measures as well as relationships to other important measures of health and placement stability are also explored.
The findings suggest that children and young people continue to experience educational disadvantage, including high rates of suspension and exclusion and a range of problems at school including problems with schoolwork, bullying and behaviour and that these difficulties can be exacerbated by the child protection system, for example, through placement instability. However, there are reasons for optimism. Children and young people are overwhelmingly likely to report that they enjoy school, expect to complete Year 12 and that their teachers generally like their schoolwork. Furthermore, over time, the proportions of young people reporting that they have an Educational Support Plan have grown, and, importantly, they are more likely to report that these plans are helpful. Analyses in relation to a number of educational variables reveal that young people with a plan they consider to be helpful fare better. Children and young people were also positive about the important role that CSOs and CVs are able to play in supporting their education.
While educational disadvantage is an enduring problem, the survey findings provide evidence of progress in key areas and suggestions for how continued improvements may be made
Young In Eom
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :의학과,2015. 2ABSTRACT ⅰ
TABLE OF CONTENTS ⅲ
LIST OF FIGURES ⅳ
LIST OF TABLES ⅴ
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
Ⅱ. MATERIAL AND METHOD 3
A. SUBJECTS 3
B. MYELOPATHY CHARACTERISTICS 3
C. PAIN ASSESSMENT 3
D. ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL AND EMOTIONAL STATUS 4
E. PAIN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT 4
F. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 5
Ⅲ. RESULTS 6
A. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTS WITH NON-TRAUMATIC, NON-COMPRESSIVE MYELOPATHY 6
B. PAIN PROFILES 6
C. PAIR-WISE COMPARISONS BETWEEN NOCICEPTIVE AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN GROUPS 7
D. PREDICTORS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN 7
E. PAIN EFFECT ON QUALITY OF LIFE 8
F. PAIN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT 8
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 9
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 15
REFERENCES 30
국문요약 36MasterIntroduction: Chronic pain is one of the most common and serious consequences of myelopathy. The aim of this study was to survey chronic pain experience in a neurology out-patient clinic and to determine potential predictors for neuropathic pain after non-traumatic, non-compressive(NTNC) myelopathy.
Methods: We analyzed54 patients with a history of NTNC myelopathy at the neurology out-patient clinic. All patients completed questionnaires on pain severity, descriptors and impact on quality of life (QOL) and underwent neurologic examination with bedside sensory testing. The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) were used to assess pain. Neuropathic pain was diagnosed by LANSS score of 12 or more. Health-related QOL was evaluated by the Short Form 36-item (SF-36) health survey, while Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) were utilized to evaluate emotion and response to treatment for pain, respectively.
Results: Out of 54 patients, 48 reported pain; of these, 41 (85.4%) reported the initiation of pain during the first 3 months of myelopathy onset. The median (min-max) pain duration and SF-MPQ score was 41 (3.4-166) months and 10 (1-34), respectively. Thirty five (72.9%) patients reported continuous pain throughout the day. The most common pain descriptions were exhausting, gnawing and heavy. In total, 16 (33.3%) patients experienced neuropathic pain. Mean age was statistically significantly lower in patients with neuropathic pain than in patients with non-neuropathic pain (39.1 ± 12.5 vs. 49.8 ± 9.3, P = 0.002). A binary logistic regression revealed that onset age under 40, non-idiopathic etiologysuch as neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis were independent predictors of the occurrence of neuropathic pain. Both SF-MPQ and LANSS scores were significantly correlated with SF-36 scores, adjusted by age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, and current EDSS scores (r = –0.624, P2) with treatment were female, non-idiopathic etiology or lengthy lesion (> 3 vertebral segments). But the presence of diabetes was related to a poor treatment response.
Conclusion: Chronic pain is one of annoying complications in patients with NTNC myelopathy and also affects their quality of life. Onset age and etiology of myelopathyare important factors in the development of neuropathic pain in NTNC myelopathy. Pain relief research is expected to improve health-related QOL in these patients.
Use of phase-contrast MRI to measure aortic stiffness in young-onset hypertension: a pilot study
No full textYoung-onset hypertension is defined as hypertension diagnosed before the age of40 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity is an indication of aortic stiffness. MRI assessment has beenwell verified compared to invasive pressure recordings for evaluating aortic pulse wave velocity.In this study, we aimed to determine whether aortic stiffness played a role in the aetiology ofyoung-onset hypertension by calculating pulse wave velocity using MRI. Methods: We enrolled20 patients diagnosed with young-onset hypertension and 20 volunteers without hypertension.Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured by cardiac MRI and protocol for the pulse wave veloc-ity measurement involved the use of a 1.5 T scanner to acquire velocity-encoded, phase-contrasttransverse aortic cine images. Sagittal oblique images used to measure the distance (ΔX)between the ascending aorta and descending aorta for the calculation of pulse wave velocity.The aortic flow versus time curves of ascending aorta and descending aorta were automaticallyobtained from the phase-contrast MRI images. Using these curves, the temporal shift (ΔT)was measured by Segment Medviso. Findings: The mean pulse wave velocity was 8.72(SD 2.34) m/second (range: 7–12.8 m/second) for the patient group and 5.96 (standarddeviation 1.86) m/second (range: 4.8–7.1 m/second) for the control group. The pulse wavevelocity values were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group(p < 0.001). Interpretation: Aortic stiffness may play a role in the aetiology of young-onsethypertension and serve as a non-invasive and reliable screening tool when measured by MRI.
(PDF) Use of phase-contrast MRI to measure aortic stiffness in young-onset hypertension: a pilot study. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359083437_Use_of_phase-contrast_MRI_to_measure_aortic_stiffness_in_young-onset_hypertension_a_pilot_study#fullTextFileContent [accessed Feb 28 2023].No sponso
Children and Young People’s Participation in Scotland: Frameworks, standards and principles for practice (Summary Report)
Full text linkA report by Dr Greg Mannion. Providing greater support for children and young people's participation in Scotland is seen by Scotland’s Commissioner for Children and Young People as a way of addressing children’s rights, improving practice across all kinds of services, and advancing a more democratic civil society. The University of Stirling’s Dr Greg Mannion has reported to Scotland’s Commissioner for Children and Young People on how organisations might best encourage children’s participation in decisions which affect them, as part of Scotland’s commitment to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Until now there has been no nationally agreed framework for children and young people’s participation in the decisions taken in Scotland which affect them. Nor has there been an agreed model for monitoring and evaluating this work. Dr Mannion’s report, Children and Young People’s Participation in Scotland: Frameworks, standards and principles for practice, provides clear principles and guidelines for the national coordination of children and young people’s participation in decision making in Scotland.This is a summary of a longer repor
Effects of tai chi chuan on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults: lessons from a randomized controlled feasibility study
No full textKaren L Caldwell,1 Shawn M Bergman,2 Scott R Collier,3 N Travis Triplett,3 Rebecca Quin,4 John Bergquist,5 Carl F Pieper6 1Department of Human Development and Psychological Counseling, 2Department of Psychology, 3Department of Health and Exercise Science, 4Department of Theatre and Dance, 5Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, 6Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Objective: To determine feasibility and estimate the effect of a 10-week tai chi chuan (TCC) intervention on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults. Participants: Seventy-five adults (18–40 years) from a predominately undergraduate mid-sized university. Methods: This was an assessor blinded, randomized feasibility trial, and participants were randomized into one of three groups: 10 weeks of TCC meeting 2 times per week, 10 weeks of TCC with a DVD of the curriculum, and control group receiving a handout on anxiety management. Anxiety and sleep quality were assessed 4 times: baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks (immediate post-intervention), and 2 months post-intervention. Retention was defined as a participant attending the baseline assessment and at least one other assessment. Adherence to the intervention was set a priori as attendance at 80% of the TCC classes. Results: Eighty-five percent of participants were retained during the intervention and 70% completed the 2 month follow-up assessments. To increase statistical power, the two TCC groups were combined in the analyses of anxiety and sleep quality measures. No significant changes in anxiety were found in the control group, while levels of anxiety decreased significantly over time in the two TCC groups. Sleep quality scores improved across time for all three groups, but adherent TCC participants reported greater improvement than control participants. Conclusion: TCC may be an effective nonpharmaceutical means of improving anxiety and poor sleep quality in young adults. Keywords: anxiety, sleep quality, tai chi chuan, randomized controlled trial, feasibility stud
Usefulness of Left Ventricular Vortex Flow Analysis for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Quantitative Vorticity Imaging Study Using Contrast Echocardiography
No full textThe goal of the study described here was to evaluate whether left ventricular vortex flow parameters, as assessed by contrast echocardiography, enhance prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with chronic heart failure and systolic dysfunction. A total of 75 patients with contrast echocardiography and systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 45%) were prospectively enrolled and underwent vortex flow analysis with particle image velocimetry using contrast echocardiography. Vortex flow parameters, including kinetic energy fluctuation (KEF), were evaluated. Patients were followed up for a primary endpoint of MACE that comprised hospital admission for cardiovascular causes and cardiac deaths. Across a median 277-d follow-up, 29 patients (38.7%) experienced MACE. Among these, the incidence of diabetes and the E/e’ ratio were significantly higher in patients with MACE than in those without, whereas the hemoglobin level and ejection fraction were significantly lower. KEF was significantly lower in patients with MACE. In the multivariate analysis, higher KEF was associated with a lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.040.97, p = 0.046). The addition of KEF to a model with conventional parameters (e.g., age, diabetes, ejection fraction and the E/e’ ratio) significantly improved the model’s discrimination. Elevations in the quantitative left ventricular vortex flow parameter, KEF, as determined by contrast echocardiography, are associated with a lower risk of MACE and improved functional status among patients with chronic heart failure
A study of the internalization pathway and subcellular distribution of hypericin in human hepatoma cells
No full text研究背景 金絲桃素（hypericin, Hyp）是由Hypericum perforatum萃取而得的親脂性螢光物質。由於特定波長的光源照射能激發hypericin產生光學活性（photoactive properties），並生成氧化能力極強的活性態氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS），因此被歸類為第二代光敏劑，運用於光動力治療（photodynamic therapy，PDT）研究，供腫瘤診斷及治療。PDT主要為光敏劑經局部或全身性給藥後，再於腫瘤部位投予適當光源以激發照射部位之光敏劑，並藉由局部生成的ROS，造成氧化壓力而達腫瘤組織破壞。然而，由於ROS的半衰期極其短暫，因此只能於其生成部位之鄰近處進行作用，因之，推測PDT所造成的腫瘤組織傷害程度及型式，將取決於光敏劑於生物體或細胞內的分佈位置；而光敏劑在細胞內的分布傾向應會受到光敏劑的物化性質與細胞攝取路徑的影響。光敏劑進入細胞之攝取路徑，與其後續在細胞內分布位置間關聯探討，將有助相關分子機制之瞭解，提昇PDT療效與安全性。究目的 本研究運用人類肝癌Hep3B細胞，培養於無血清（serum-free）、添加低密度脂蛋白（LDL）或胎牛血清（FBS）的基質中，加入free-form hypericin及liposomal hypericin，探討：（1）不同hypericin製劑是否會影響其進入細胞之路徑及攝取量；（2）hypericin進入細胞後，其於細胞內各類胞器間之運送或分佈，是否隨劑型及時間而異。簡言之，本研究藉由比較兩種劑型之hypericin於三類細胞培養基質中之細胞攝取及胞內傳送路徑，期釐清脂質分子對細胞攝取hypericin與對hypericin於胞內分佈路徑的影響。究方法 研究中之liposomal hypericin製備，係採用薄膜水合法製作成大粒徑的liposomes顆粒後，再藉由奈米擠壓器利用外力擠壓將粒徑大小控制在約200 nm的均一粒徑，最後再以管柱層析法去除未包覆的hypericin。製備之liposomal hypericin再以粒徑分析儀及螢光光譜儀分別進行粒徑與包覆率的測定。在liposomes的粒徑穩定性測定方面，分別以保存穩定性、培養環境穩定性以及光照穩定性檢定，供確保後續細胞攝取或分佈實驗期間中，liposomal hypericin是完整且均一的。以上製備之liposomal hypericin將供做下述實驗之用途。 在Hep3B細胞攝取實驗中，則藉由hypericin經光源激發後會產生紅色螢光的特性，分別將cholesterol含量不等的liposomal hypericin [cholesterol比例分別為0%、10%及50%（molar ratio）]與free-form hypericin，各以相當於0.1 μM之hypericin加入不同培養基質[如：無血清培養液、添加2.5 μg/mL LDL的培養液及添加10%（v/v）FBS的培養液]中培養Hep3B細胞，經0.5至24小時培養後，以流式細胞儀分析細胞攝取之螢光強度，並比較各類培養基質及劑型對細胞攝取hypericin效率影響。 後續在細胞內分佈的探討，則是利用搭載著控溫箱（37℃）及恆定濃度CO2（5%）之螢光顯微鏡，經特異性染劑針對胞器如內質網、粒線體、高基氏體與溶酶體進行染色後，再加入liposomal hypericin與free-form hypericin各0.1 μM，並以曠時攝影方式觀察hypericin被同一細胞攝取入胞內後，在細胞內各胞器間傳遞路徑之變化，並嘗試量化各胞器hypericin螢光強度，以估量hypericin於細胞中的分布傾向。究結果 Liposome粒徑穩定性測定結果顯示，當liposome中的cholesterol組成比例達總莫耳數的50%時，可顯著提高liposomal hypericin的保存穩定性，減緩liposomal hypericin經培養液中LDL與FBS所引起的粒徑脹大的現象，並能有效抑制光照所造成的粒徑變化。而在細胞攝取研究中，發現free-form hypericin的細胞攝取量會受到培養液成分的影響。Free-form hypericin在無血清培養液中藉由被動擴散能夠最快速地進入細胞；如在培養液中添加2.5 μg/mL LDL，則得以輔助hypericin進入細胞，並在9小時後，其hypericin攝取量明顯高於無血清培養環境下的hypericin攝取量，或許與內包作用（endocytosis）相關；在添加FBS的培養環境下時，hypericin的細胞攝取速率最慢，可能與FBS中含有之大分子物質與hypericin間相互作用，致延緩了hypericin進入細胞的速率有關。至於liposomal hypericin製劑在細胞攝取量及攝取速率變化上，皆慢於free-form hypericin，推測在運送過程中因牽涉到hypericin於磷脂質與細胞外膜間的分配作用（partition），降低了hypericin與細胞接觸的機會，因而減緩其細胞攝取的量及速率。 在細胞內分佈實驗中發現，被動擴散的free-form hypericin主要集中於內質網，而藉由LDL協助進入細胞的hypericin則傾向分布於高基氏體。由liposome運送的hypericin主要出現在溶酶體，但於內質網或高基氏體的分布表現，仍分別可藉由無血清或添加LDL培養液的影響而增加。論 實驗結果證實free-form hypericin進入細胞的路徑，將影響其後續於細胞內的分布路徑。由於hypericin的高親脂性，其被動擴散速率明顯快於由LDL、liposomes或其他蛋白分子所導引的運輸機制，且在進入細胞後主要分佈至內質網區域；而在添加LDL的基質中，推測藉由hypericin與cholesterol的高度親和性，使得hypericin進入細胞後主要集中於高基氏體區域，且hypericin在粒線體的分佈也相對提高。本實驗所使用的liposome劑型，雖能提昇hypericin在溶酶體的分佈，但在短時間培養下仍不影響hypericin分布於內質網的傾向。未來若能針對hypericin與脂質或蛋白分子間的作用進行詳細探討，並研究在細胞毒性上的影響，便能夠在PDT的開發與運用上有所增益。Background Hypericin , extracted from Hypericum perforatum, is a lipophilic fluoresecnt chemical with photoactive properties. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) will be produced when hypericin is illuminated by light of proper wavelength. Hypericin is classified as a second generation photosensitizer with potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment or diagnosis of malignant diseases. PDT encompasses topical or systemic administration of a photosensitizer, followed by delivery of an excitation light to the site of lesion, to induce a locally generated ROS with high oxidative stress which leads to eradication of the target tissue. Since the extremely shortly lived ROSs can only act closely to its site of generation, the extent and type of photodamage in a cell would greatly depend on the exact subcellular localization of the photosensitizer. It is possible that the intracellular distribution of a photosensitizer might be associated with its physical and chemical properties and by its cellular uptake pathway. As a result, to identify the relationship between cellular uptake pathway and the following subcellular localization of a photosensitizer is crucial for the future development of PDT.bjectives The human hepatoma Hep3B cells were cultured in three kinds of media (serum-free, 2.5 μg/mL LDL, or 10% FBS) to study the impacts of different media on the cellular uptake and subsequent intracellular trafficking of free hypericin and liposomal hypericin over time. Furthermore, liposomal hypericin with various molar ratios of cholesterol was also employed to investigate the effect of cholesterol on the encapsulation efficiency, storage life, incubation and light irradiation stability of liposomal hypericin. ethods The multilamellar vecicles were made by thin-film hydration method and followed by extrusion and gel filtration to make uni-dispersed liposomes of particle size around 200 nm. The particle size and hypericin encapsulation rate were determined by a particle size analyzer and a spectrofluorometer, respectively. The storage life, incubation and light irradiation stability of liposomal hypericin were also assessed. The cellular uptake capacity of free hypericin and liposomal hypericin (with 0%, 10%, or 50% cholesterol, in molar ratio) was examined. Cells were incubated in different culture medium (serum-free, LDL-enriched, FBS-enriched) for 0.5 to 24 hours and, then, subjected to flow cytometry analyses. The subcellular trafficking of hypericin was observed by a fluorescence microscopy mounted with a thermostatted incubation chamber and CO2 supply. Subcellular organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes were all visualized by respective organelle-specific dyes. The intracellular localization of hypericin in a single cell was photographed by a time-lapsed microscopy, and the fluorescence intensity of hypericin within a certain organelle was estimated.esults The liposomal stability study shows that cholesterol content, by 50% of total lipids in molar ratio, helped stabilizing liposomal hypericin, prolonging its storage life, and preventing particle size enlargement induced by LDL/FBS and light irradiation.n cellular uptake study, the amount and rate of hypericin uptake were demonstrated to be dependent on the contents of cell culture media and its formulation. Free hypericin entered Hep3B cell rapidly, apparently through passive diffusion in a serum-free medium. With the addition of LDL, the uptake of hypericin by 9 hours of incubation was significantly increased, perhaps augmented by receptor-mediated endocytosis The slowest uptake was observed in medium containing 10% FBS, probably due to hypericin-macromolecule interaction that retarded the cellular uptake efficiency. As for liposomal hypericin, the uptake was much less and far more slower than the free-form hypericin in all media mentioned above. Partitioning of hypericin between liposomes and the cell membrane is suspected. he subsequent subcellular localization experiment revealed that trafficking pathways differs among incubation media and formulation. We found that, under the study condition, the passively diffused hypericin was mainly distributed into the endoplasmic reticulum, and the LDL-mediated hypericin uptake was geared to the Golgi apparatus. Although liposomal hypericin was localized mainly in lysosomes, an enhanced distribution of liposomal hypericin was found in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi by serum-free or LDL-enriched medium, respectively.onclusion The subcellular distribution of hypericin is associated with its cellular uptake pathway. The passively diffused hypericin entered cells faster than pathways mediated by LDL, liposomes, or other marcromolecules such as FBS. It mainly distributed into endoplasmic reticulum regions. In the presence of LDL, hypericin was guided majorly to the Golgi apparatus region and the mitochondria distribution was also increased. The high affinity between cholesterol and hypericin might play an important role in this observation. Although the liposome preparations could increase the hypericin distribution in lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum was still the primary localization target of liposomal hypericin. Following our study, in the future, if the mode of interaction and affinity propensity among hypericin, lipids, and protein molecules could be thoroughly investigated, along with cytotoxicity studies, there would be a great improvement in the applications and development in the field of photodynamic therapy.目錄 文摘要......……………………………………………………………….…….......I文摘要......……………………………………………………………….…….....IV目錄........................................................................................................................XI目錄......................................................................................................................XIV錄..........................................................................................................................XIV文縮寫名詞對照表................................................................................................XV、文獻回顧、Photodynamic Therapy（光動力治療）................................................................1 1-1、Photodynamic Therapy簡介…………………………................................... 1 1-2、Photodynamic Therapy作用機轉…………………………………………....1 1-3、Photodynamic Therapy特色………………………....…………………........3、Hypericin（金絲桃素）..........................................................................................7 2-1、Hypericin簡介.................................................................................................7 2-2、Hypericin特性.................................................................................................7、Liposomes（微脂粒）............................................................................................9 3-1、Liposomes的構造與分類 ……………………....………………………...9 3-2、Liposomes與細胞間之作用方式..................................................................10 3-3、Phase Transition Temperature（轉相溫度） ...............................................11 3-4、Liposomes安定性簡述..................................................................................12 3-4-1、Liposomes化學安定性...........................................................................12 3-4-2、Liposomes物理穩定性...........................................................................13 3-4-3、Liposomes生理穩定性...........................................................................13 3-5、Liposomes於醫療的應用..............................................................................14、Lipoproteins（脂蛋白）概述................................................................................14、Endocytosis（內包作用）.....................................................................................16-1、LDL Receptor-mediated endocytosis...............................................................16、細胞內各胞器與其染劑簡述................................................................................18 6-1、內質網（Endoplasmic Reticulum）..................................................................18-2、粒線體（Mitochondria）..................................................................................18 6-3、高基氏體（Golgi Apparatus）...........................................................................19 6-4、溶酶體（Lysosomes）.......................................................................................19 、研究動機與目的............................................................................................21、研究材料與方法............................................................................................22、實驗器材........………………………………………………………………........22、細胞培養................................................................................................................26 2-1、細胞培養液配製..............................................................................................26 2-2、細胞培養方法..................................................................................................26、Liposomes製備與分析..........................................................................................27-1、Liposomal Hypericin之製備..........................................................................27 3-2、Liposomes純化方式.......................................................................................28 3-3、Hypericin吸收光與螢光光譜分析.................................................................29 3-4、Liposomes包覆之Hypericin定量分析.........................................................29 3-5、Liposomes之脂質定量分析...........................................................................30 3-6、包覆率計算（encapsulation efficiency%）....................................................30 3-7、粒徑測定（Determination of liposome size）……………………….............31 3-8、穩定性測定（Stability Study）....…………………......................................33 3-8-1、保存穩定性分析....................................................................................33 3-8-2、培養液中穩定性分析............................................................................33 3-8-3、光源照射穩定性分析............................................................................33、細胞攝取試驗....………………………………………….....................................33 4-1、LDL concentration dependency ..........................……………………………33 4-2、Culture medium dependency…………………………………………….......34 4-3、結果分析.........................................................................................................35、細胞內分佈試驗....................................................................................................35 5-1、細胞胞器染劑配製…………………………….............................................36 5-2、細胞胞器染色....…………………………….................................................36 5-3、倒立螢光顯微鏡曠時攝影…………………………………………….........38 5-4、顯微影像螢光定量分析.................................................................................38、螢光衰退試驗.……………………………………………………………...........40、資料數據分析及統計分析.....................................................................................41、結果..…………………………………………………………..........................42、Liposomes之製備............…………………………………………………..........42 1-1、Hypericin光譜分析........................................................................................42 1-2、Liposomes包覆率分析..…………………………………………….............43 1-3、Liposomes粒徑測定.……………………………….…………….................44 1-4、Liposomes保存穩定性分析...........................................................................45 1-5、Liposomes於各類培養液中的穩定性分析...................................................46 1-6、Liposomes之光照穩定度分析.......................................................................53、Hypericin細胞攝取試驗………....…………………………………………........54 2-1、LDL濃度對細胞攝取hypericin量之影響..………….................................54 2-2、各類培養液對細胞攝取hypericin量之影響..…………………..….……...56、細胞內分佈探討…………………………………………………........................60 3-1、Hypericin細胞內之分佈...........................................................….................60 3-2、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）細胞內分佈...............67 3-3、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol=1：0.1）細胞內分佈..............74、螢光衰退試驗.........................................................................................................80、討論...………………………………………………………………..................81、肝癌細胞特性........................................................................................................81、Cholesterol含量對微脂粒的影響.........................................................................81、各類培養液與Hypericin細胞攝取機制的關聯...................................................82、細胞內分佈試驗.....................................................................................................84 4-1、於無血清培養液.............................................................................................84 4-2、於添加LDL的培養液....................................................................................86 4-3、於添加FBS的培養液.....................................................................................88、螢光衰退試驗.........................................................................................................90、結論與未來方向..............................................................................................91考文獻...................................................................................................................92錄.............................................................................................................................99目錄1、Hypericin之photodynamic therapy作用機轉圖示..........................................22、Hypericin化學結構式........................................................................................73、脂蛋白之組成示意圖.......................................................................................154、LDL於細胞中的代謝路徑簡圖.......................................................................175、Liposomes製備過程簡圖.................................................................................286、N4 Plus儀器原理圖示......................................................................................327、磷脂質比例對hypericin於甲醇溶液中之吸收光光譜的影響......................428、磷脂質比例對hypericin於甲醇溶液中之螢光光譜的影響..........................439、Liposomal Hypericin包覆率：與Cholesterol組成比例之關聯....................4410、Liposomal Hypericin保存穩定度：與Cholesterol組成比例之關聯............4511、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）於無血清培養液中之粒徑分佈變化......................................................................................................4712、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）於添加LDL的培養液中之粒徑分佈變化..........................................................................................4813、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）於添加FBS的培養液中之粒徑分佈變化..........................................................................................4914、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：0.1）於無血清培養液中之粒徑分佈變化..................................................................................................5015、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加LDL的培養液中之粒徑分佈變化..........................................................................................5116、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加FBS的培養液中之粒徑分佈變化..........................................................................................5217、光照對Liposomal Hypericin粒徑穩定度的影響.........................................5318、Hep3B細胞之Hypericin攝取與培養液中LDL濃度之關聯.....................5519、細胞攝取實驗之流式細胞儀實驗結果示例圖..............................................5720、Hypericin於各類培養液中之細胞攝取.....................................................5821、Liposoaml Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）於各類培養液中之細胞攝取..................................................................................................................5822、Liposoaml Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：0.1）於各類培養液中之細胞攝取..............................................................................................................5923、Hypericin於無血清培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析...........6124、Hypericin於無血清培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖...............6225、Hypericin於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析.6326、Hypericin於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖.....6427、Hypericin於添加FBS的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析..6528、Hypericin於添加FBS的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖......6629、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：cholesterol = 1：1）於無血清培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器的分布變化分析..............................................................6830、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：1）於無血清培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖......................................................................6931、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：1）於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析.........................................................7032、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：1）於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖.............................................................7133、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：1）於添加FBS的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析.........................................................7234、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：1）於添加FBS培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖.................................................................7335、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於無血清培養液中之 Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析..................................................................7436、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於無血清培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖......................................................................7537、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞胞器的分布變化分析.....................................................7638、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加LDL的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖..........................................................7739、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加FBS的培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化分析.........................................................7840、Liposomal Hypericin（DSPC：Cholesterol = 1：0.1）於添加FBS培養液中之Hep3B細胞內胞器分布變化圖.................................................................7941、Hypericin之螢光衰退與螢光顯微圖拍攝次數之關聯.................................8042、Cholesterol結構圖..........................................................................................8243、Enrofloxacin結構圖........................................................................................8244、Hypericin於無血清培養液下的胞器分佈圖說..............................................8545、Liposomal Hypericin於無血清培養液下的胞器分佈圖說............................8646、Hypericin於添加LDL的培養液下的胞器分佈圖說...................................8747、Liposomal Hypericin於添加LDL的培養液下的胞器分佈圖說.................8848、Hypericin於添加FBS的培養液下的胞器分佈圖說...................................8849、Hypericin細胞攝取途徑與於各胞器分佈之關係圖.....................................90目錄1、已上市及研發中之光敏劑.................................................................................52、磷脂質碳鏈長度與轉相溫度（Tm）的關係..................................................113、各胞器染劑之激發光與放射光波長基本資料...............................................354、Axiovert 200M配備之顯微濾鏡之激發光與分光鏡波長限制......................385、Liposomal Hypericin之包覆率........................................................................436、Liposomal Hypericin之粒徑比較：Cholesterol組成比例之影響.................447、光照劑量對liposomal Hypericin粒徑的影響..................................................53錄錄1、RPMI-1640培養液成份...............................................................................99錄2、Fetal bovine serum成分分析報告..............................................................102錄3、Sephadex™型號與性質分類表.........
Ok, Chi Young
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :전자공학과,2008. 8우리나라에서는 RFID를 위한 주파수 대역이 좁고 채널 대역폭이 작기 때문에 인접 채널 간에 간섭 현상이 발생하기 쉽다. 특히 리더의 수가 채널의 수보다 많은 밀집 리더 환경에서는 리더 간에 충돌이 많이 발생하게 된다. 기존의 RFID 시스템에서 사용하던 LBT 방식은 채널수가 많은 환경에서 효율적으로 채널을 할당하는 메커니즘을 갖고 있지 못하다. 또한 동시에 여러 리더가 경쟁할 경우 충돌을 방지하지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 밀집 리더 환경에서의 리더 충돌 문제를 해결할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 채널의 밀도를 예측함으로써 리더 환경에 알맞은 호핑 확률을 계산할 수 있다. 우선 기존의 매체 접근 방식을 소개하고, RFID 시스템에서 그 방식들의 문제점을 제시한다. 최종적으로 이러한 문제점을 해결하는 제안하는 알고리즘을 소개하고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 평가한다.제1장 서론 = 1
제2장 관련 연구 = 6
제1절 매체 접근 방식 = 6
제2절 LBT 방식의 문제점 = 7
제3장 확률적 채널 호핑 알고리즘 = 9
제1절 채널 선택 단계 = 13
제2절 채널 감지 단계 = 14
제3절 채널 호핑 및 채널 사용 준비 단계 = 14
제4절 채널 점유 단계 = 19
제4장 시뮬레이션 = 20
제1절 성능 분석 파라미터 = 20
제2절 시뮬레이션 환경 = 21
제3절 성능 분석 = 21
제5장 결론 = 30
참고문헌 = 32
Abstract = 33MasterIn RFID field, it is easy to interfere between adjacent channels as the frequency band and channel bandwidth are narrow. Especially, in case of dense reader mode where the number of readers is more than the number of channels, the readers easily collide with each other. Existing LBT algorithm in RFID system cannot efficiently allocate channels in dense reader mode. Additionally it cannot prevent the collision when two or more readers contend with each other. So in this paper, we propose the algorithm which is able to reduce the reader collision in dense reader environment. First, we introduce the existing multiple access algorithms and explain the problems of existing algorithms in RFID system. And next, we show the simulation result of proposed algorithm. Simulation results show the performance improvement of our algorithm
Ethical and methodological issues in engaging young people living in poverty with participatory research methods
No full textThis paper discusses the methodological and ethical issues arising from a project that focused on conducting a qualitative study using participatory techniques with children and young people living in disadvantage. The main aim of the study was to explore the impact of poverty on children and young people's access to public and private services. The paper is based on the author's perspective of the first stage of the fieldwork from the project. It discusses the ethical implications of involving children and young people in the research process, in particular issues relating to access and recruitment, the role of young people's advisory groups, use of visual data and collection of data in young people's homes. The paper also identifies some strategies for addressing the difficulties encountered in relation to each of these aspects and it considers the benefits of adopting participatory methods when conducting research with children and young people
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