1,720,990 research outputs found
Completing the Triangle: Revitalizing the Rapa Nui language
No full textThe revitalization of two languages of the Polynesian Triangle, Māori and `Ōlelo Hawai`i, are fundamental to international research on endangered language revitalization and the transnational social movement to reduce twenty-first century language death. Comparatively, the educational programs and linguistic issues related to the revitalization of the third language of the triangle, the indigenous Rapa Nui language of Easter Island (EAS), are significantly less known. Field research on Rapa Nui language revitalization programs reveals a strong pedagogical focus on teaching the language in terms of cultural heritage materials (traditional language genres and cultural practices) that avoids many of the authenticity concerns confronting the revitalization of Māori and `Ōlelo Hawai`i (Harlow 2005, NeSmith 2005, Wong 1999) and accords with regional Polynesian language community attitudes that stress the importance of cultural heritage content in language instruction (Housman et al 2011, Otsuka and Wong 2007, Taumoeolau et al. 2002, Waitangi Tribunal 2010). Besides complying with regional and island community attitudes, however, aesthetic linguistic theories of language revitalization that highlight cultural and social “form-dependent expression” (Woodbury 1998), and psycholinguistic theories that emphasize some syntactic structures are more important to language acquisition than others (Crain et al. 2009), suggests, contrary to revival linguistics (Thieberger 2002, Zuckerman and Walsh 2011), this pedagogical strategy to also be linguistically sound. I illustrate some of the strengths of Rapa Nui pedagogy through analysis of elementary school teaching materials on the affective, second person possessive pronoun tu`u. Analysis of Rapa Nui textbook teachings of the pronoun in terms of games and narratives steeped in cultural heritage materials, refines the psycholinguistic findings that educational stories and games are important to language acquisition (Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff 2012). Educational stories and games interwoven with very specific cultural heritage and linguistic form dependent-cultural practices may be necessary for revitalization of endangered indigenous languages like Rapa Nui. While acknowledging a pedagogical focus on cultural heritage materials should not come at the expense of sociolinguistic functional diversification of the language (Fishman 2001), or the intensity of psycholinguistic imput necessary for language acquisition (Hoff et al. 2012), culturally specific imput dialogical with traditional genres and social registers is critical to revitalizing endangered languages with significant form-dependent expressions. Like those of its “triangular” Polynesian siblings, the language revitalization programs of Rapa Nui have important lessons for enriching the global movement to document and conserve the world’s linguistic diversity.
WORK CITED
Crain, Stephen and Rosiland Thorton, Keiko Murasugi
2009 Capturing the Evasive Passive. Language Acquisition 16: 123-133.
Fishman, Joshua A.
2001 Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Harlow, Ray
2005 Covert Attitudes to Māori. International Journal of Sociology of Language 172: 133-147.
Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy and Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
2012 How Babies Talk: Six Principles of Early Language Development. In Re-visioning the beginning: Developmental and Health Science Contributions to Infant/Toddler Programs for Children and Families Living in Poverty. S. Odom, E. Pungello, and N. Gardner-Neblett, eds. Pp. 77-101. New York, Guilford Press.
Hoff, Erika and Cynthia Core, Silvia Place, Rosario Rumiche, Melissa Senior, Marisol Parra
2012 Dual Language Exposure and Early Bilingual Development. Journal of Child Language 39: 1-27.
Housman, Alohalani and Kaulana Dameg, Māhealani Kobashigawa, James Dean Brown
2011 Report on the Hawaiian Oral Language Assessment (H-OLA) Development Project. Second Language Studies 29 (2): 1-59.
NeSmith, R. Keao
2005 Tūtū’s Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language. `Ōiwi: A Native Hawaiian Journal 3: 68-77.
Otsuka, Yuko and Andrew Wong
2007 Fostering the Growth of Budding Community Initiatives: The Role of Linguists in Tokelauan Maintenance in Hawai’i. Language Documentation and Conservation 1 (2): 240-256.
Taumoefolau, Melanaite and Donna Starks, Karen Davis, Alan Bell
2002 Linguistics and Language Maintenance: Pasifika Languages in Manukau, New Zealand. Oceanic Linguistics 41 (1): 15-27.
Thieberger, Nicholas
2002 'Extinction in whose terms? Which parts of a language constitute a Target for Language Maintenance Programmes?' In Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance David Bradley and Maya Bradley, eds. Pp. 310-328. London: Routledge Curzon.
Waitangi Tribunal
2010 Te Reo Māori. Waitangi Tribunal Report 262. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal.
Woodbury, Anthony C.
1998 Documenting Rhetorical, Aesthetic, and Expressive Loss in Language Shift. In Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response, Lenore A. Grenoble and Lindsay J. Whaley, eds. Pp. 234-258. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, Liana
1999 Authenticity and the Revitalization of Hawaiian. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 30 (1): 94-115.
Zuckerman, Ghil’ad and Michael Walsh
2011 Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures, Australian Journal of Linguistics 31 (1): 111-127
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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