1,721,092 research outputs found
Fabrication of axicon microlenses on capillaries and microstructured fibers by wet etching
No full textAbstract not availableKyle Bachus, Elton Soares de Lima Filho, Kamila Wlodarczyk, Richard Oleschuk, Younes Messaddeq and Hans-Peter Looc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analysis of ternary glassy system Bi-Ge-B, Bi-Ge-Ga and a study of Bi4Ge3O12 phase crystallization
No full textHá um crescente interesse científico e tecnológico voltado para compostos cristalinos de óxido de bismuto com óxidos de germânio, silício ou titânio, por exibirem propriedades eletro e magnetoópticas, fotocondutivas e piezoelétricas. Sistemas vítreos com propriedades similares a estes compostos são de alto interesse, devido ao baixo custo e facilidade no procedimento de preparação em relação aos monocristais. Este trabalho teve como finalidade analisar o efeito de adição de óxidos de boro e gálio, ao sistema binário composto por óxido de bismuto com óxidos de germânio. A amostra vítrea de composição 45BiO1.5:40BO1.5:15GeO2 (BBG-8), apresentou alta reprodutibilidade e estabilidade térmica (ΔT=132, Hr=0.34 e S=26.74), sendo assim, selecionada para o estudo da cristalização. As fases cristalizadas nesta amostra, durante tratamento térmico, foram determinadas por análises de difração de raios-X e medidas composicionais. Foram cristalizadas as fases Bi6B10O24 e Bi4Ge3O12, sendo a última, a fase de interesse para nosso estudo. Métodos térmicos foram utilizados no estudo da cristalização da fase Bi4Ge3O12, possibilitando a verificação da energia de ativação (≈ 54Kcal/mol) pelos métodos de Ozawa e Chen, e a direcionalidade do crescimento dos cristais (nmédio=1.12). A fim de obtermos mais informações a respeito de cristalização utilizamos óptica eletrônica.The sillenite crystals, Bi12MO20 (M = Ge, Si, Ti), are interesting for applications such as optical memories, holography or optical phase conjugating devices. The eulytite crystals, Bi4M3O12, have been studied for their electro-optical, electromechanical and luminescence properties. These crystals am used as scintillators or, when doped with rare-earth elements, as laser materials. The study of glass systems, having properties similar to those crystals, is of high interest because of the lower cost and easier preparation procedures with respect to single crystals. The purpose of this work is the study of interaction of B2O3 and Ga2O3 with binary system Bi2O3-GeO2. The glassy sample BBG-8 (45BiO1.5:40BO1.5:15GeO2), was chosen far crystallition study, due to its high reproducibility and thermal stability. The presence of crystalline phases (Bi6B10O24 and Bi4Ge3O12), obtained after heat treatment, was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and compositional analysis. The crystalline eulytite phase (Bi4Ge3O12) is an interest of our study. Thermal methods were used on the study of Bi4Ge3O12crystallization process of the sample BBG-8, and the value obtained, by means of Ozawa and Chen methods, was approximately 54Kcal/mol, and the directionality of crystal growth (n average) was equal to 1.12. To obtain further information on the crystallization mechanism we also performed microphotographic analysis
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No full textOs vidros fosfatos são bem conhecidos pela facilidade de sua formação vítrea. Assim, estes vidros despertam interesse seja para estudos acadêmicos ou aplicações tecnológicas. Deste modo, no presente trabalho buscou-se explorar as propriedades ópticas de uma matriz a base de fosfatos contendo alta concentração de íon Er3+. Em uma primeira etapa, em amostras vítreas conteúdo 4% mol de Er2O3, avaliou-se o efeito de incorporação da concentração de Al2O3. Assim, determinou-se as suas temperaturas características dos vidros, o tempo de vida experimental e calculado, o índice de refração, densidade, espectros na região do infravermelho e espectros de absorção na região do UV-Vis. Os tempos de vida teóricos foram obtidos utilizando os cálculos de Judd-Ofelt, para posteriormente poder serem comparados com os tempos de vida experimentais e avaliar a solubilidade do íon érbio. Nesta etapa também foi possível de se reproduzir a amostra 5 % de Al2O3 em câmara seca e observar a influência da água sobre as propriedades descritas acima. Em uma segunda etapa foram preparadas matrizes de fosfato que apresentassem na sua maioria a estrutura ortofosfato. Amostras com diferentes concentrações de íon érbio foram preparados. As características térmicas e ópticas foram determinadas como foi também explorado as propriedades estruturais dos vidros conteúdo 1 e 2 % de Er2O3.Phosphate glasses are very good as glass forming system. These glasses have attracted considerable interest because of their scientific and technological importance. In this work we investigated the optical properties of phosphate glasses having a high concentration of Er3+ ion. In a first step, the effect of incorporation of Al2O3 was studied in samples having Er2O3 (4% mol). In this way, their characteristics temperatures, life time, refraction index, density, infrared measurements and Uv-Vis absorption spectra are measured. Judd-Ofelt data was used to determine the lifetime values and to estimate the erbium ions solubility. The sample contain Al2O3 (5% mol) was prepared in a dry box and the influence of water was also studied in the above mentioned properties. The second step was focus in prepared phosphate glasses matrix that has an ortophophate structure. The thermal and optical properties were measured in function of Er concentration. The structural properties of glass containing Er2O3 (1 and 2% mol) were determine
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No full textNos últimos anos os vidros fluorosfosfatos foram e continuam sendo bastante estudados. Tais vidros podem ser comparados em muitos aspectos aos vidros fluoretos, bastante utilizados para dispositivos operando no infravermelho. Os vidros fluoretos exibem baixo índice de refração, baixa viscosidade e podem apresentar alta transmissão na região de infravermelho, porém, apresentam grande tendência à devitrificação. Já os vidros fluorofosfatos são geralmente mais estáveis contra a devitrificação comparados aos vidros fluoretos. As aplicações tecnológicas dos sistemas fluorofosfatos envolvem a produção de vidros ópticos e cabos de fibras para aplicações médicas, além do uso de fibras na industria automotiva. Neste trabalho, a intenção foi produzir e caracterizar vidros de fluorofosfatos a base de In(PO3)3 ainda não relatados na literatura. Assim, foi desenvolvido um método de preparação do composto de partidaIn(PO3)3 e este foi caracterizado através de Difração de Raios X. Foi realizado um estudo sistemático do sistema vítreo binário In(PO3)3 -BaF2. Estes vidros foram caracterizados através de diferentes técnicas tais como, DRX, IV, Espalhamento Raman e RMN 31 P. Considerando os resultados obtidos, foram identificadas as melhores composições vítreas para a fabricação de janelas operando no infravermelho médioIn the last decade, fluorophosphate glasses have been extensively studied. Such glasses can be compared in many aspects with fluoride glasses, which are used for devices operating in the infrared window. They show low refractive index, low viscosity and can present high transmission in the infrared range depending on the composition. On the other hand, fluorophosphate glasses are generally more stable against the devitrification compared to fluoride glasses. The technological applications field of the fluorophosphate systems involves optical glass production, design of optical fibers for medical applications such as automotive industry uses. In this work, it was intended to produce and to characterize fluorophosphates glasses based on In(PO3)3 still not related in literature. In this sense, a new route to synthesized In(PO3)3 was developed and it was characterized by X-ray diffraction. It was carried out a systematic study of the binary system In(PO3)3 - BaF2. The glass samples were characterized using differents techniques, such as, X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies and 31P NMR . From this results, the best glass compositions were chosen to manufacture optical windows operating in the infrared regio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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