1,721,129 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The regulation of lung vagal afferents on the breathing pattern following cervical spinal cord contusion
No full textCervical spinal cord injury is associated with high mortality and morbidity due to respiratory dysfunction. The current cervical spinal cord injury model can\ue2t simulate the clinical respiratory syndrome. Accordingly, the first aim of the present study is to establish a mid-cervical spinal cord contusion animal model. Previous studies have shown that vagal-mediated pulmonary chemoreflex was attenuated following acute and chronic unilateral C2 hemisection. The second aim of this study is to examine whether vagal-mediated respiratory reflexes was altered following cervical contusion. Moderate and severe contusion was induced at midline C3-4 spinal cord in adult Sprague Dawley rats. The ventilatory behaviors of unanesthetized animals during compressed air breathing and hypercapnic challenge were evaluated by the whole body barometric plethysmography at 1 day and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-injury. The pulmonary chemoreflex induced by intra-jugular capsaicin injection and Hering-Breuer inflation reflex induced by increasing positive end-expired pressure were evoked at 3 days, 2 or 8 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that tidal volume of unanesthetized rats was decreased in severe animals compared with uninjured animals at all-time points after injury. At 3 days post-injury, capsaicin administration induced a significant apnea, but this response was greatly attenuated in both contused groups. Increased positive end-expired pressure caused an increase in the expiratory duration in uninjured and moderate contused animals but not severe contused animals. At 2 and 8 weeks post-injury, the respiratory reflex induced by capsaicin or lung inflation was similar between uninjured and contused animals. These data suggested that mid-cervical contusion injury can induce a long-term respiratory impairment, and lung vagal-mediated respiratory reflexes were transiently attenuated
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modulation of the extrinsic tongue muscle activity in response to pulmonary C-fiber activation following cervical spinal cord contusion
No full textMid-cervical spinal cord injury not only results in severe respiratory dysfunction but may also affect the airway resistance. Extrinsic tongue muscles (i.e., genioglossus and hyoglossus) play an important role in the maintenance of upper airway patency. Activation of the genioglossus can protrude the tongue; while hyoglossus is responsible for the retraction of the tongue. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether respiratory activity of the tongue muscle was influenced by cervical (C3~C4) spinal cord injury. Extrinsic tongue muscle electromyogram and esophageal pressure were measured in response to inhalation of capsaicin-induced (25 and 100 \uce\ubcg/ml) pulmonary C-fiber activation at the acute (three days), subchronic (13.6 \uc2\ub1 1.3 days) and chronic (55.9 \uc2\ub1 3.1 days) stages in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing adult rats. The results demonstrated that pre-inspiratory burst activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle during the baseline was significantly greater in mid-cervical spinal contused animals than sham animals at the acute injured stage. Pre-inspiratory and inspiratory activity were significantly decreased during capsaicin inhalation in sham animals; however, this inhibitory response of the tongue muscle was blunted in contused animals at the acute injured stage. Surprisingly, high dose of capsaicin-induced inhibition of pre-inspiratory genioglossus muscle activity was more severe in chronically contused animals. On the above basis, cervical spinal cord injury alters upper airway motor outputs and their reflex modulation induced by activation of pulmonary C-fibers. The compensatory increase in pre-inspiratory and inspiratory activity of the extrinsic tongue muscle may help to maintain upper airway patency at the acute injury stage. However, robust attenuation of genioglossus activity may increase a risk of upper airway obstruction at the chronic injured stage. We suspected that modulation of respiratory tongue muscle activity could be a potential therapeutic target to relieve the respiratory compromise following cervical spinal cord injury
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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