109,832 research outputs found
Parametric design of developable structure based on yoshimura origami pattern
No full textOrigami is an ancient art form and can be divided into rigid and non-rigid origami. Rigid origami is suitable for the design of building structures because the panels are not twisted and deformed during the folding process. Currently, rigid origami structures are generally built with steel. However, compared with natural, non-polluting wood, steel has a high energy consumption and a high environmental impact. Based on this situation, this paper designs a developable wooden building structure using the Yoshimura origami model. First, the Jacobian matrix method was used to analyze the degree of freedom of the basic unit of the Yoshimura origami pattern, following which the motion trajectory required by the target structure was obtained. Secondly, by analyzing the relationship between the plane angle α and dihedral angle θ, three interaction rules were obtained, and the formula for determining the structure size was established by using the plane angle α, dihedral angle θ, the number of valley folds n and the unit length l. Subsequently, two enhancement schemes, the quadrangle enhancement scheme and the triangle enhancement scheme, were proposed to increase the height of the structure. After comparing the deformation and failure types of origami structures based on Cross-Laminated Timber, a triangular reinforcement scheme was chosen to increase the height of the structure. Finally, a new connection method was developed that allowed the origami structure to be practically applied. This research demonstrates the possibility of developing a timber structure based on Yoshimura origami
Evidence of carrier accumulation effects on the response enhancement in thin-film electrochromic devices
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Paraclavelia Shimizu & Broad & Yoshimura & Pitts 2022
No full textGenus Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930 Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930: 728 (type species: Pompilus caffer Kohl, 1886, by original designation and monobasic). Clavelia – Arnold, 1932: 47 [Cl. decipiens Arnold, 1932 is transferred to Paraclavelia comb. nov.] Diagnosis This genus has most of the features of Ctenocerus, but differs from the latter in the following. Female Lower frons lateral to and ventral to antennal sockets deeply depressed, median area between antennal sockets steeply receding into lowermost transverse depression, hence frontal bridge absent (Figs 6A, D, G, J, 7D). Clypeus flat and polished with deep depression across whole width of its base, depression being broader laterally than medially. Pronotal collar usually situated slightly below level of dorsum (Figs 6C, F, I, L, 7H), but rather deeply depressed in Parac. somalica (Fig. 6N). Fore femur not swollen (Figs 6F, I, 7G). Male Supra-antennal area produced anteriorly into frontal ledge overhanging antennal radicle (Fig. 8C, F, I) Lowermost frons across its whole width depressed much below level of supra-antennal area, slightly below level of clypeus, lacking any trace of frontal bridge (Fig. 8A, D, G). Description (as a complement to Haupt’s (1930) description, based on the type species) Female MEASUREMENTS. Small to fairly large wasps, 12 to 26 mm in length. HEAD. Slightly wider than high. Vertex, in anterior view, moderately to strongly raised above level of eye tops (Figs 6A, D, G, J, 7D); juncture of anterior and posterior faces subacutely carinate medially (Figs 6B, E, K, 7B, E). Frons broad, its half much broader than eye, usually polished; surface of upper frons gently and longitudinally arched. Ocelli forming an obtuse-angled triangle (Figs 6B, E, H, J, 7E). Clypeus narrower than LID, lamelliform, its apical margin truncated, convex or concave (Figs 6A, D, G, J, 7D). Labrum small, partly concealed beneath clypeus, its apical margin truncate (Figs 6D, 7D). Malar space short (Figs 6C, F, I, L, 7H). Scape compressed laterally, curved outward with lateral face concave (Figs. 6B, E, K, P, 7E), mesal face usually with longitudinal carina (Fig. 6O, arrow). Mandible usually stout with anterior face flattened and polished (Figs 6A, D, 7D). Maxillary palpus short, palpomeres 4–6 not much shorter or longer than palpomere 3. Gena, in dorsal view, moderately developed but not swollen (Figs 6B, E, K, 7E). Occipital suture obsolete below, its uppermost portion situated immediately below vertex crest (Figs 6K, 7B). MESOSOMA. Pronotum as long as, or longer than mesoscutum at middle (Fig. 7B); streptaulus obsolete dorsally; declivity usually short, gently or steeply sloping (Figs 6C, F, I, L, 7H) (somewhat long and almost vertical in Parac. somalica (Fig. 6N)); dorsum flattened medially, gradually sloping anteriorly, its lateral margin slightly convex (Figs 6B, E, H, K, 7B, E); juncture of dorsum and lateral face bluntly carinate; lateral face vertical, traversed by L-shaped groove (posterior part of streptaulus) (Figs 6C, F, I, L, N, 7H) as in Ctenocerus. Mesoscutum flattened above with parapsides narrowly raised posterolaterally; parapsidal sulcus distinct (Fig. 7B), divergent anteriorly. Scutellum scarcely raised above level of mesoscutum (Figs 6C, 7H). Propodeal dorsum with stigma from anterior margin of propodeum twice its own length or more (Fig. 7B); surface with transverse rugae, those becoming stronger posteriorly; declivity flattened, sometimes delimited from dorsum by carina (one of rugae); surface arcuately or obliquely rugose. WINGS. FW with three SMCs (Fig. 7C). Pterostigma as long as or longer than cross-vein 2 r-rs at bottom. Marginal cell lanceolate, acute at apex. Second abscissa of vein M (basal vein) curved. Last abscissa of vein M not attaining outer wing margin. Discal cell 1 usually with indistinct membranous irregularity (fenestra) basally. Cross-vein cu-a originating distal to separation of vein M+CuA, oblique to vein A. HW cross-vein cu-a originating basal to, at (Fig. 7C), or distal to fork of vein M+CuA, confluent with vein A, forming smooth arc. LEGS. Apical margin of fore tibia usually with short, stout, decurved spine mesally (Figs 6M, 7F, arrow) (apical spines short, stout, but not decurved in Parac. caffer). Fore tarsomeres 2-4 combined much shorter than fore tarsomere 1. Mid and hind femora with distinct basal ring. Mid tibia with short spines dorsally. Hind tibia with spines short or rudimentary dorsally and latero- and dorsoapically (Fig. 7J). Tarsomere 5 with several short, irregularly arranged spines, one or two spines, or lacking spines beneath. Orbicula small, narrower than 0.6 × width of tarsomere 5, with orbicular pecten consisting of a few rather strong, straight setulae, some of them being as long as, or longer than orbicula itself. All tarsal claws bifid. METASOMA. T1 not petiolate, abruptly narrowing anteriorly or barely petiolate (Fig. 7A). S2 with transverse groove, this being sometimes fine and almost obsolete (Fig. 7I). S6 compressed laterally with or without median carina. Male MEASUREMENTS. Much smaller and slenderer than female, 6–15 mm. HEAD. Broader than long. Vertex strongly convex above level of eye tops, chevron-shaped (Fig. 8A, D, G); juncture of anterior and posterior faces broadly rounded (Fig. 8B, E, H). Frons with numerous long pubescence and setae. Clypeus distinctly narrower than LID (Fig. 8A, G), trapezoid or rectangular, its surface convex, covered with long pubescence and setae. Malar space longer than in female. Scape short (Fig. 8B, F, H–I), not compressed laterally, with numerous setae, those on ventral side longer and denser than elsewhere. Flagellum uni- or biramous (Fig. 8F, K), catenulate (Fig. 8J), or in a few species, basal and apical ends of each flagellomere contiguous all round (Arnold 1932: 67). Mandible short (Fig. 8A) with small tooth subapically on inner margin; anterior face flattened and polished. Occipital suture complete (Fig. 8E), its uppermost portion situated immediately or rather deeply below vertex crest. MESOSOMA. Pronotum shorter than mesoscutum at midline (Fig. 8E); collar situated deeply below level of dorsum (Fig. 8C, F, I); streptaulus present (Fig. 8E); declivity not short, flattened and vertical, its juncture with dorsum narrowly rounded; dorsum transversely convex and declivous, usually gradually narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 8B, E, H), truncate anteromedially, with numerous long pubescence and setae, its juncture with lateral vertical face rounded; L-shaped groove on lateral face sometime obscure. Mesoscutum with parapsides narrowly reflexed posterolaterally. Disc of scutellum triangular, slightly raised above level of mesoscutum. Metanotum declivous. Metapostnotum longer than in female. Propodeum densely punctate, sometimes finely and transversely rugulose or minutely reticulate-rugulose, and covered with long pubescence; dorsum much longer than declivity, parallel-sided, gradually sloping posteriorly; declivity not delimited from dorsum. WINGS. HW cross-vein cu-a originating usually at or distal to separation of vein M+CuA, confluent with vein A, forming long smooth arc. LEGS. Apical margin of fore tibia without short, stout, decurved spine mesally. Fore femur slender (Fig. 8F, I), thinner than mid femur. Fore tarsomeres 2–4 combined as long as or shorter than fore tarsomere 1. Fore, mid and hind orbiculae similar to those of female, or hind orbicula remarkably small, its pecten indistinct. Fore and mid tarsal claws bifid; hind tarsal claw bifid or edentate, rectangularly bent subapically, and both claws parallel to each other or slightly divergent. METASOMA. T1 not petiolate, gradually narrowing anteriorly. S2 without transverse groove. S6 with small lateral hook posterolaterally. Subgenital plate comparatively large, not compressed laterally. Distribution Africa (Afrotropical Region) and the Arabian Peninsula (Oman).Published as part of Shimizu, Akira, Broad, Gavin, Yoshimura, Jin & Pitts, James P., 2022, First records of the spider wasps Ctenocerus Dahlbom and Paraclavelia Haupt from Asia, with discussions on the systematics of Ctenocerinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), pp. 101-131 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 (1) on pages 115-118, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1957, http://zenodo.org/record/725888
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
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