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Hukum ekonomi Indonesia dalam era reformasi dan globalisasi/ Yoserwan
No full textviii, 318 hal.; 21 cm
IMPLEMENTASI DOKTRIN ULTIMUM REMEDIUM DALAM HUKUM PIDANA EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Full text linkABSTRAK
IMPLEMENTASI DOKTRIN ULTIMUM REMEDIUM DALAM
HUKUM PIDANA EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
(Yoserwan, 1330112006, Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Andalas 2018)
Hukum pidana merupakan salah satu bentuk norma hukum yang mempunyai sanksi yang paling keras yakni berupa penderitaan atau nestapa. Oleh sebab itu, dalam hukum pidana terdapat dokrin yang mengajarkan bahwa hukum pidana harus difungsikan sebagai upaya yang terakhir untuk mengatasi berbagai pelanggaran hukum yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat setelah mekanisme keperdataan dan administratif tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Fungsi yang demikian disebut dengan ultimum remedium atau last resort atau ultimo ratio. Namun di pihak lain terlihat fenomena yang tidak lagi menempatkan hukum pidana sebagai upaya yang terakhir. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana penerapan doktrin ultimum remedium dalam Hukum Pidana Ekonomi (HPE). Dipilihnya hukum pidana ekonomi, karena ekonomi merupakan salah satu faktor dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang mengalami perkembangan yang cepat dan membutuhkan pengaturan, termasuk melalui hukum pidana. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah bagaimana implementasi doktrin ultimum remedium dalam formulasi HPE, bagaimana implementasi doktrin ultimum remedium oleh penegak hukum, serta mengapa doktrin ultimum remedium perlu diakomodasi dalam HPE. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris. Dalam penelitian normatif dilakukan invetarisasi hukum, penemuan asas hukum dan sinkronisasi hukum. Dalam penelitian empiris digunakan dalam menghimpun data primer dalam dari lembaga penegak hukum baik dalam tahapan penyidikan, penuntutan dan peradilan. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara juridis- kualitatif. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan studi kasus dan perbandingan hukum (comparative study). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa doktrin ultimum remedium belum sepenuhnya diakomodasi dalam pembentukan HPE pidana ekonomi. Hal itu ditunjukkan oleh semakin banyaknya undang-undang pidana ekonomi. Penegak hukum belum sepenuhnya mempunyai wewenang dan mengimplementasikan doktrin ultimum remedium dalam proses Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Doktrin ultimum remedium perlu diakomodasi dalam hukum pidana ekonomi karena adanya kecendurungan semakin meningkatnya kriminalisasi melalui pembentukan undang-undang pidana di bidang ekonomi. Hal ini berdampak kepada meningkatnya penalisiasi dan seterusnya berdampak kepada terjadinya kelebihan kapasitas (overcapacity) di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Banyaknya undang-undang pidana ekonomi berdampak kepada terjadinya ketidaksinkronan dan ketidakharmonisan dalam berbagai aturan HPE sehingga dapat menghambat penegakan hukumnya. Pembentukan hukum pidana ekonomi akan membutuhkan kelembagaan baru, sarana dan prasarana yang seterusnya akan berdampak kepada meningkatnya pembiayaan (cost) yang diperlukan dalam penegakan hukumnya. Untuk mengoptimalkan dontrin utimum remedium, perlu adanya penegasan ultimum remedium dalam peraturan perundang undang sebagai pertimbangan dalam kriminalisasi dan penegakan hukum. Perlu adanya penegasan dalam undang-undang yang memberi wewenang kepada penegak hukum padasetiap tahapan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana untuk menerapkan ultimum remedium guna terciptanya efisiensi dalam Sistem peradilan Pidana serta lebih mengoptimalkan pengenaan sanksi berupa uang (monetary sanction), sehingga dapat mengurangi beban anggaran serta mendatangkan pemasukan bagi negara. Dengan demikian Hukum Pidana Ekonomi tidak hanya mengedepankan penderitaan melainkan kemanfaatan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Ultimum Remedium, Hukum Pidana Ekonomi, Kriminalisasi
ABSTRACT
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DOCTINE OF ULTIMUM REMEDIUM IN THE CONOMIC CRIMINAL LAW OF INDONESIA
(Yoserwan, 1330112006, Doctoral Program of Legal Science, Law Faculty Andalas University, 2018)
Criminal law is a kind of norm that has the most severe sanction and may cause suffering for the wrongdoer. Therefore, there is a doctrine in criminal law that criminal law must be lastly functioned after other mechanism such as civil and administrative processes cannot be performed. Such a function is usually called the doctrine of ultimum remedium or last resort or ultimo ratio. However, there are phenomena in society that the doctrine do not placed criminal law properly as the last remedy. This dissertation is studying the implementation of the doctrine of ultimum remedium in Economic Criminal Law of Indonesia. Economic criminal law is chosen is due the fact that economy is an important factor in society that develop fast and dynamically. Therefore it needs regulation, includes through criminal law. The problems should be answered here are: how is the doctrine of ultimo remedies is implemented in the formulation of economic criminal law, how is the doctrine implemented by law enforcement agencies in every stage of Criminal Justice System, and why such a doctrine should be accommodated in the formulation and enforcement of economic criminal law. This research applied both normative (doctrinal) and empirical (non-doctrinal) legal research. Doctrinal legal research is performed through laws inventory, legal principle finding, and studying law synchronization of economic criminal law. Empirical legal study is applied in searching the primary data in each law enforcement agencies in economic criminal law. The data are collected through interview and documentation study. This research also applied case study and comparative study. The result of the research shows that the doctrine of ultimum remedium is not fully implemented in the formulation of economic criminal law. It is proved form the fact that more and more economic criminal laws are enacted by legislative. Administrative or civil process is not always available in each law as alternative for criminal process. Law enforcement agencies do not fully have authority to implement the doctrine in performing its function in Criminal Justice System. The Law enforcement agencies have not also optimally implemented the doctrine of ultimum remedium in solving any violation of economic criminal law. There are some arguments why the doctrine should be accommodated in economic criminal law. The first, rampant criminalization will result in high penalization and in turn will cause overcapacity in the prisons. The second, many economic criminal laws will result in disharmony and asynchronous among existing economic criminal laws and in turn such a condition may inhibit their law enforcement. The creation of any new law needs new law institutions, facilities and sources. The effectis that a lot of budget should be allocated to make the law successfully enforced. In order to optimally utilize the doctrine of ultimum remedium in economic criminal law, the doctrine should become the primary consideration in formulating new economic criminal law. Every economic criminal law should clearly formulate the doctrine of ultimum remedium by providing civil and administrative procedure, as alternative to criminal procedure. Any economic criminal law should give priority to monetary sanction instead of other sanctions such as imprisonment. It is hoped that the implementation of ultimum remedium will result in efficiency and utility for public prosperity instead just for revenge and suffering.
Key Words: Ultimum Remedium, Economic Criminal Law, Criminalizatio
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