1,720,964 research outputs found
Espaces et lieux d’humanisation : quel statut accorder aux productions techno-scientifiques?
No full textLa multiplication des innovations techno-scientifiques marque de façon toute particulière le monde contemporain. Quel statut doit-on leur accorder? L’espace actuel de la réflexion critique ne les rend-il pas d’emblée suspectes, sujettes à condamnation, coupables d’une perte de lien social et d’humanité? Axées sur l’efficacité, porteuses d’uniformisation et de contraintes à l’expression du subjectif, ces innovations ne sont-elles pas, par nature, déshumanisantes? Dans cet article, l’auteure tente d’ouvrir d’autres espaces de réflexion pour penser les techno-sciences et la façon dont elles interviennent dans le débat sur la déshumanisation et la réhumanisation. Tirant profit d’une recherche à travers laquelle elle a suivi le travail d’invention d’une nouvelle méthode contraceptive, l’auteure fait valoir la portée, mais aussi les difficultés, d’une démarche qui met en doute les frontières apparemment hermétiques et infranchissables entre ce qui relève du monde des choses et ce qui relève de l’humain.One of the outstanding features of the contemporary world is the multiplication of technoscientific innovations. How should they be viewed? Does the current space of critical reflection not render them suspect from the outset, subject to condemnation, guilty of undermining social ties and humanity? Are these innovations not dehumanizing by nature, as they tend to focus on efficiency, foster standardization and stifle the expression of the subjective? In this article, the author explores other ways of reflecting on the technosciences and the role they play in the debate on dehumanization and rehumanization. Based on research in which she followed the work of inventing a new contraceptive method, the author emphasizes the promises, but also the difficulties, of an approach that casts doubt on the apparently impenetrable and insurmountable boundaries between the world of things and that which is human
Expliquer les tendances démographiques en Afrique subsaharienne : les ambiguïtés du recours à la « culture »
No full textLa Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement du Caire : un parti pris pour les femmes?
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
L’appel à la participation : Une vision privatisée de l’inégalité ?
Get PDFLa participation citoyenne, que promeut, entre autres, la nouvelle gestion publique (NGP) transporte avec elle une forte valeur symbolique. Elle est associée à la prise en compte d’autres voix, à la reconnaissance, à l’émancipation, au pouvoir d’agir, au bien-être, bref à l’idée d’un monde plus solidaire et plus juste, un monde où les rapports hiérarchiques s’atténueraient. Ce texte propose de quitter, du moins temporairement, ce cadre d’appréciation et d’aller en quête de ce qui pourrait bien avoir été maintenu à ses frontières. Le parcours consiste ici à recadrer la participation et certains de ses effets, postulés ou souhaités, dans les débats d’ensemble sur la démocratie tout en prenant garde que celle-ci ne perde pas, chemin faisant, son « tranchant ».Citizen participation, which is promoted by the New Public Management, conveys a high symbolic value. Citizen participation is generally associated with the consideration of others’ voices, recognition, emancipation, empowerment and well-being. In short, it carries the promise of a more just world with greater social solidarity and less hierarchic social relations. This paper proposes to leave aside this fashionable rhetoric, at least temporarily, and to search for what might have been left at its borders. This exploratory journey aims to reframe, within larger debates about democracy, the call for participation and its assumed or desired effects. The invitation to beware of losing, on the way, the radical nature of democracy, is issued
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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