46 research outputs found
The Potential of Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetlands in Northeast India: A Critical Review
No full textEVALUATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION SCIENCE PROFESSIONAL IN DIGITAL ERA
Get PDFWe are living in the information age. Information is the basic requirement for every human activity and it is important as food, air and water. Information in itself has no value, but its value lies in its communication and use.  Information is the life blood of democracy and it is considered as the vital sources of power. Library & Information Science (LIS) professionals need to play an important role in the education process by making people aware of a need and motivating the use of information a new knowledge and a new ability. The paper discussed the concept of Digital Library, the role of LIS professionals and changing face of traditional library to digital libraries. The study uses an adapted methodology for literature review, to find data available to answer research questions .The report  discussed on the concept of Digital Library, the role of LIS professionals and changing face of traditional library to digital libraries. This paper explores the growing needs of information acquisition; processing, storage and dissemination, a large number of new technologies have been adopted and modified by library professionals from time to time in the digital environment. It's a refreshing change for library professionals who have struggled with the complexity, cost and practically of the present generation of technology tools. Libraries are growing emphasis on use of information technologies have undergone major structural changes in terms of their collections, organizations and services. As the changes occurred in library environment the library and information science professionals should be acquaintance with different skills. In the Digital age need stronger Technological type of librarianship. This paper emphasizes that acquisition of new sets of skills required by library professionals for survive in this technological based environmen
A Survey on Goal-Oriented Semantic Communication: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
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Although many proposals have been developed for the sixth-generation (6G) technology, realizing 6G is fraught with numerous fundamental interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary challenges. To mitigate some of these challenges, goal-oriented semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a promising 6G technology enabler. This enabler employs only semantically-relevant information for successful task execution while minimizing power usage, bandwidth consumption, and transmission delay. On the other hand, 6G is essential for realizing major goal-oriented SemCom use cases such as autonomous transportation. These paradigms of 6G for goal-oriented SemCom and goal-oriented SemCom for 6G call for a tighter integration of 6G and goal-oriented SemCom. To facilitate this purpose, this survey paper exposes the fundamental challenges of 6G; details the notion of goal-oriented SemCom and its state-of-the-art research landscape; presents state-of-the-art trends, use cases, and frameworks of goal-oriented SemCom; exposes the fundamental and major challenges of goal-oriented SemCom; and offers promising future research directions for goal-oriented SemCom. Consequently, this survey article stimulates numerous lines of research on goal-oriented SemCom theories, algorithms, and realization.Abstract
Although many proposals have been developed for the sixth-generation (6G) technology, realizing 6G is fraught with numerous fundamental interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary challenges. To mitigate some of these challenges, goal-oriented semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a promising 6G technology enabler. This enabler employs only semantically-relevant information for successful task execution while minimizing power usage, bandwidth consumption, and transmission delay. On the other hand, 6G is essential for realizing major goal-oriented SemCom use cases such as autonomous transportation. These paradigms of 6G for goal-oriented SemCom and goal-oriented SemCom for 6G call for a tighter integration of 6G and goal-oriented SemCom. To facilitate this purpose, this survey paper exposes the fundamental challenges of 6G; details the notion of goal-oriented SemCom and its state-of-the-art research landscape; presents state-of-the-art trends, use cases, and frameworks of goal-oriented SemCom; exposes the fundamental and major challenges of goal-oriented SemCom; and offers promising future research directions for goal-oriented SemCom. Consequently, this survey article stimulates numerous lines of research on goal-oriented SemCom theories, algorithms, and realization
Are Tree Tenure and Land Tenure Issues the Same? A Case Study of Rights to Trees among the Tsamako of Southwest Ethiopia
No full textThere has been confusion as to whether land tenure and tree tenure issues should be looked at as two distinct entities or not. In this article I describe the various means of establishing rights of access to trees and other savannah woodland resources and how such rights are socially sanctioned as distinct from the overlapping land tenure system prevailing in the country today. The discussion focuses on issues raised by differential rights of access by multiple users for multiple purposes, and attempts to show the various ways of establishing tree primary user rights as distinct from those held in jointly managed woodlands. This happens, interestingly, contrary to the received wisdom that pastoralist societies ‘lack’ basic social norms let alone to have a set of rules designed to regulate the use and protection of trees. Finally, through an examination of the ways in which rules which apply to trees are enforced, both generally and in particular cases, I argue that it is the relatively low demographic density, a relatively homogeneous community and the resultant quick acquisition and dissemination of information and an inclusive decision-making system at the grass-root level which have made rule enforcement relatively easy and cost-effective. These resulted in a system which encourages tree protection and long-term oriented multiple uses. This article is based on data drawn from eighteen months of ethnographic field research which provided the author with the opportunity to employ a range of data collection techniques including key informant interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation.  
Are Tree Tenure and Land Tenure Issues the Same? A Case Study of Rights to Trees among the Tsamako of Southwest Ethiopia
No full textThere has been confusion as to whether land tenure and tree tenure issues should be looked at as two distinct entities or not. In this article I describe the various means of establishing rights of access to trees and other savannah woodland resources and how such rights are socially sanctioned as distinct from the overlapping land tenure system prevailing in the country today. The discussion focuses on issues raised by differential rights of access by multiple users for multiple purposes, and attempts to show the various ways of establishing tree primary user rights as distinct from those held in jointly managed woodlands. This happens, interestingly, contrary to the received wisdom that pastoralist societies ‘lack’ basic social norms let alone to have a set of rules designed to regulate the use and protection of trees. Finally, through an examination of the ways in which rules which apply to trees are enforced, both generally and in particular cases, I argue that it is the relatively low demographic density, a relatively homogeneous community and the resultant quick acquisition and dissemination of information and an inclusive decision-making system at the grass-root level which have made rule enforcement relatively easy and cost-effective. These resulted in a system which encourages tree protection and long-term oriented multiple uses. This article is based on data drawn from eighteen months of ethnographic field research which provided the author with the opportunity to employ a range of data collection techniques including key informant interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation.  
Retrofitting Options for Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) Fractionation Trains Using the Concept of Single Column Development
No full textAbstractHeat pump assisted distillation (HPAD) system and self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) have been developed as a result of intensive research to reduce energy consumption of a conventional distillation system. To determine a suitable system for natural gas liquid (NGL) fractionation trains, rigorous analysis and comparative study of several HPAD and SHRT options for the retrofitting of a single column were studied in the present work. The retrofit options considered were vapor compression (VC), mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), thermal vapor recompression (TVR), bottom flashing (BF), side heat exchanger (SHE), intermediate heating and cooling (IHC), self-heat recuperative (SHR) and modified self-heat recuperative (MSHR) distillation. A depropanizer column commonly used in typical NGL plant was selected as a case study. Aspen HYSYS V7.3 was initially used to simulate the eight selected retrofit designs under common sets of criteria. The data from the simulation was then analyzed to determine the best design in term of energy cost reduction. The analysis shows that the MVR gives the highest energy cost reduction of 68.11% as compared to that of the base case (BC) conventional column. It is followed by VC (66.65%), MSHR (64.02%), BF (62.88%), SHR (55.85%), SHE (54.23%), IHC (39.54%), and TVR (12.41%)
Departure of Ethiopian family laws: the need to redefine the place of societal norms in family matters
Get PDFMost legal theorists agree that law is the ‘mirror of society’ and its purpose is ‘maintenance of social order’. This so called mirror-theory underlines that the basic source of law is social values and interaction, and the state should not blatantly ignoresocietal values and impose aspirational laws. Unfortunately, Ethiopia has taken measures to modernize the country through legislative reforms including by abolishing selected aspects of customary family institutions in 1960 and 2000. As a result, important values of the society have been overlooked in the official family laws and that separate the law from the community. Betrothal, one of the long established practices of Ethiopians, is totally ignored by the federal family law and has become an extra-judicial act. Similarly, though customary way of family dispute settlement is recognized under the FDRE Constitution, the family law barely empowers it thereby eliminating its functions and importance. Equally, the law that obliges adoption agreement to be in written form, parties to appear before court of law and secure approval of the relation, is believed to be mechanical and contrary to societal practices. As a result, the family laws have been considered by many as a poor adoption of foreign practices that ignore societal values and long-proved customary institutions. The author, however, argues for “a multilayered approach to family regulation [that] builds on the notion that many families have a complex identity and experience, shaped and defined by many different cultural, legal, and political ties.” Indeed, the manuscript presents that there are sufficient reasons to argue for greater accommodation of indigenous legal tradition (cultural and religious diversities) in Ethiopian family laws.Keywords: adoption, arbitration, betrothal, custody, family, mirror, society, spouse
Author Correction: Application of a convolutional neural network for predicting the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia using heart rate variability features
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Stelpur og stærðfræði : „Árangurinn fer eftir því hvað þú ert tilbúin að leggja á þig“
No full textÍ rannsókninnni er skoðað hvernig stelpur í unglingadeild grunnskóla upplifa stærðfræði og hvort stærðfræði spili hlutverk í framtíðarsýn þeirra. Rannsóknin beindist að áhuga og viðhorfi stelpnanna á stærðfræði, trú á eigin getu, hvata til að gera vel og hvaða hlutverk stuðningur foreldrar spilar í árangri. Stuðst var við eigindlegar og megindlegar rannsóknaraðferðir. Í eigindlega hlutanum voru tekin viðtöl við 16 stelpur. Ellefu þeirra eru stelpur sem eru sterkar í stærðfræði en fimm þeirra ná ekki hæfniviðmiðum. Með viðtölunum var leitast við að draga reynslu stelpnanna upp á yfirborðið, hvernig þær upplifa stærðfræði og eigin getu í henni. Svör hópanna tveggja voru borin saman til að finna sameiginlega eða ólíka reynslu. Í megindlega hlutanum var stuðst við rafræna spurningakönnun sem lögð var fyrir nemendur í 8.-10. bekk. Í henni var fyrst og fremst verið að leita eftir því hvernig nemendur af báðum kynjum meta eigin getu, viðhorf og áhuga í stærðfræði. Rannsakanda þótti mikilvægt að skoða viðfangsefnið frá mismunandi hliðum og fá staðfestingu á hvort trú á sjálfan sig, viðhorf, stuðningur og því um líkt skipti máli fyrir árangur, eða ekki.
Í eigindlega hlutanum kom í ljós mikill munur á stelpunum sem ná árangri í stærðfræði og þeim sem gengur verr. Þær sem ná hæfniviðmiðum eru með skýra framtíðarsýn, vilja standa sig vel og þær upplifa stuðning frá foreldrum. Þær virðast þó flestar tregar að viðurkenna að þær séu góðar í stærðfræði, hafa minni trú á eigin getu en einkunnir segja til um og meðal eiginleika sem þær búa yfir er seigla og samviskusemi. Stelpurnar sem ná ekki hæfniviðmiðum eiga það sameiginlegt að hafa misst trúna á sjálfa sig og eigin getu, sem veldur því að þeim leiðist í tímum og hafa gefist upp á stærðfræði og finnst tilgangslaust að reyna. Úr megindlega hluta rannsóknarinnar kom fram að feður aðstoða meira við heimanám í stærðfræði og að strákar hafa neikvæðara viðhorf gagnvart stærðfræði en stelpur.The purpose of the study was to examine how girls in 8th-10th grade in Icelandic primary schools experience mathematics and to explore their interest in mathematics, their attitude and motivation and the effect of their parents involvement on their achievement. In the study both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The qualitative part of the study consists of interviews with 16 girls, 11 individual interviews and one interview with a focus group of five girls. In the quantitative part of the study an online questionnaire was sent to students in the 8th - 10th grade, of both sexes, in selected primary schools around the country as well as distributed via social media. The online questionnaire was supposed to give a frame of reference, since the participants answered questions regarding their own ability, attitude and interest in mathematics. The author of the study thought it would be important to look at the subject from a quantitative point of view as well. In the qualitative part of the research a clear difference was found between girls who excel in math and those who struggle. Those who excel have a clear vision for the future, are ambitious and have the support of their parents. Many of them seem shy to admit that they're good in math, they have less self confidence than their grades reflect. On the other hand, the girls who struggle at math have lost their self confidence in math. They lack interest and think math is boring. As a result they have given up on math and have stopped trying to improve. Among interesting results from the quantitative part of the research is that fathers seem to be more involved in math homework than mothers, and boys have a more negative attitude towards math than girls
Author Correction: Translation and validation of the EORTC QLQ-BR45 among Ethiopian breast cancer patients
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