52 research outputs found
Stover management modifies soil organic carbon dynamics in the short-term under semiarid continuous maize
No full textIn croplands, the adoption of certain management practices may increase soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. In this study, we evaluated the short-term impact of crop stover management and the interaction between crop stover and irrigation method on SOC change in a continuous maize (Zea mays L.) system in Spain. Four years after the beginning of the experiment, total SOC and C fractions (particulate organic matter carbon, POM-C; and mineral-associated organic matter carbon, Min-C) contents, SOC stocks and SOC stock changes were measured in four different soil layers (0-5, 5-10, 10-25 and 25-50 cm) in an experiment with two irrigation methods (sprinkler and flood) and three stover management systems (conventional tillage with all the stover incorporated, CT; no-tillage maintaining the stover, NTr; and no-tillage removing the stover, NT). Stover management resulted in significant differences in SOC and POM-C but not in Min-C. In particular, NT reduced SOC and POM-C contents compared with CT and NTr (about 10 and 60 %, respectively). After 4 years, SOC change was not affected by the interaction between stover management and irrigation. Concurrently, both CT and NT showed SOC losses, reaching 0.11 and 1.22 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in CT and NT, respectively. However, NTr showed SOC gains at a rate of 0.09 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Consequently, the removal of crop stover has been demonstrated as a detrimental strategy to store SOC in the short-term in irrigated continuous maize systems. © 2021 The Author
D-lactic acid biosynthesis from biomass-derived sugars via Lactobacillus delbrueckii fermentation
No full textPoly-lactic acid (PLA) derived from renewable resources is considered to be a good substitute for petroleum-based plastics. The number of poly L-lactic acid applications is increased by the introduction of a stereocomplex PLA, which consists of both poly-L and D-lactic acid and has a higher melting temperature. To date, several studies have explored the production of L-lactic acid, but information on biosynthesis of D-lactic acid is limited. Pulp and corn stover are abundant, renewable lignocellulosic materials that can be hydrolyzed to sugars and used in biosynthesis of D-lactic acid. In our study, saccharification of pulp and corn stover was done by cellulase CTec2 and sugars generated from hydrolysis were converted to D-lactic acid by a homofermentative strain, L. delbrueckii, through a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation process (SHF) and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF). 36.3 g Lˉ¹ of D-lactic acid with 99.8 % optical purity was obtained in the batch fermentation of pulp and attained highest yield and productivity of 0.83 g gˉ¹ and 1.01 g Lˉ¹ hˉ¹, respectively. Luedeking–Piret model described the mixed growth-associated production of D-lactic acid with a maximum specific growth rate 0.2 hˉ¹ and product formation rate 0.026 hˉ¹, obtained for this strain. The efficient synthesis of D-lactic acid having high optical purity and melting point will lead to unique stereocomplex PLA with innovative applications in polymer industry
Correction: ER+ breast cancers resistant to prolonged neoadjuvant letrozole exhibit an E2F4 transcriptional program sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitors (Clinical Cancer Research (2018) 24 (2517–29) DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2904)
No full textIn the original version of this article (1), the stated disclosure of the author Carlos L. Arteaga is incorrect. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error
The Sunflower, v.60, no.32 (February 10, 1956)
No full textImages in this collection were made from commercially produced and digitized microfilm, may be of poor quality, and will be gradually replaced by copies digitized by Special Collections from original paper copies. Source material held by University Libraries Special Collections and University Archives; processed by the University Libraries Technical Services. Please contact Special Collections at [email protected] directly for help with low quality images.Article(s): 37 music students in auditions -- Regents study plans; football schedule set -- To inaugurate weekly University TV program / Merle Block -- Welcome to what? -- Original prints to be shown -- Sports, religion join at dinner -- Rainey is forum speaker tonight -- Application time: Scholarships, fellowships plentiful for graduates / Diane Copeland -- Campus GOP to pick queen -- Kirby Page, noted author, here for Council Coffee, Feb. 23 -- Three cars collide on campus street -- If weather allows: Shocker fans fly to game -- Roles in drama finally filled -- ISA selects Joyce Ayers as queen of 'Sweetheart' dance -- Pledge classes pick officers -- AWS lunch slatedPhotograph(s): Ten top senior men were named at the annual Haul Your Man Dance in Henrion Gymnasium Saturday night. Receiving the titles were, left to right, Ben Kubes, Mr. Athlete; Haroldean Stover, Mr. Engineer; Jim Mann, Mr. Government; Bill Buttram, Mr. Scholar; Jay Decker, Mr. Music; Bill Tomlinson, Mr. Personality; Howard Dull, Mr. Military; Gil Tatman, Mr. Collegiate; and Don Dalrymple, Mr. Photographer. Not pictured is Warren Tanner, Mr. Executive. p. 1 -- Belle and Bill of the Ball at the HYM Dance Saturday night were Vicki Basham, of Pi Kappa Psi, and Jerry Gross, of Kansas State College. The award was made on the basis of the woman who sold the most tickets to the dance. The winner's escort was awarded the title of Bill of the Ball. p.
Facile pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high loadings in room temperature ionic liquids
No full textBiotechnology and Bioengineering, 108, 2865-2875Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as attractive solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment in the production of biofuels and chemical feedstocks. However, the high cost of ILs is a key deterrent to their practical application. Here, we show that acetate based ILs are effective in dramatically reducing the recalcitrance of corn stover toward enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis even at loadings of biomass as high as 50% by weight. Under these conditions, the IL serves more as a pretreatment additive rather than a true solvent. Pretreatment of corn stover with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidizolium acetate ([Emim] [OAc]) at 125 ± 5°C for 1 h resulted in a dramatic reduction of cellulose crystallinity (up to 52%) and extraction of lignin (up to 44%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the IL-treated biomass was performed with a common commercial cellulase/xylanase from Trichoderma reesei and a commercial β-glucosidase, and resulted in fermentable sugar yields of ∼80% for glucose and ∼50% for xylose at corn stover loadings up to 33% (w/w) and 55% and 34% for glucose and xylose, respectively, at 50% (w/w) biomass loading. Similar results were observed for the IL-facilitated pretreatment of switchgrass, poplar, and the highly recalcitrant hardwood, maple. At 4.8% (w/w) corn stover, [Emim][OAc] can be readily reused up to 10 times without removal of extracted components, such as lignin, with no effect on subsequent fermentable sugar yields. A significant reduction in the amount of IL combined with facile recycling has the potential to enable ILs to be used in large-scale biomass pretreatment.https://login.libproxy.rpi.edu/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.2326
Identification of Children of Parents With Mental Illness: A Necessity to Provide Relevant Support
No full textBackground: The main objective of this study was to identify and describe core life circumstances of children with mentally ill parents (COPMI) and their parents. Knowledge about COPMI aged 0–17 years is necessary, as assessment of the risk and protective factors in their lives provide solid background for preventive interventions.Methods: Participants (N = 422) were parents of minor children (N = 589) receiving treatment in the clinic for psychiatric illness and substance abuse at the University Hospital of Northern Norway. Data was drawn from electronic patient journals.Results: A total of 286 mothers and 136 fathers participated in the study, and 46.3% were single parents. Parents had 1–7 children (M = 2.24; SD = 1.02). Most parents had one diagnosis (n = 311, 73.7%), and mood disorders was the most frequent type of diagnosis. The largest proportion of parents had serious mental disorders (n = 185; 46.0%), and a large proportion of the sample was affected by disorders of moderate severity (n = 156; 38.8%). The mean age of the children was 8.6 years (SD = 4.97), and 432 children (74.6%) had one or more siblings. The large majority of children had access to adult resource persons other than the mentally ill parent (n = 424; 94%), but 6% of the children (n = 27) did not. About three quarters of the children (76.2%, n = 526) were living with the mentally ill parent (n = 401), and 170 children (32.5%) lived with a single parent with a mental health disorder and siblings, full time or part of the time. The odds that parents had informed their children about the treatment/hospitalization and condition was higher the older the child was (p < 0.001), and the youngest children rarely got necessary information about this.Discussion: Risk and protective factors associated with the children's ages, access to resource persons, information about the parent's health problems and treatment are discussed in relation to different preventive steps for COPMI
The effect of antiretroviral therapy provision on all-cause, AIDS and non-AIDS mortality at the population level--a comparative analysis of data from four settings in Southern and East Africa.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To provide a broad and up-to-date picture of the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) provision on population-level mortality in Southern and East Africa. METHODS: Data on all-cause, AIDS and non-AIDS mortality among 15-59 year olds were analysed from demographic surveillance sites (DSS) in Karonga (Malawi), Kisesa (Tanzania), Masaka (Uganda) and the Africa Centre (South Africa), using Poisson regression. Trends over time from up to 5 years prior to ART roll-out, to 4-6 years afterwards, are presented, overall and by age and sex. For Masaka and Kisesa, trends are analysed separately for HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals. For Karonga and the Africa Centre, trends in AIDS and non-AIDS mortality are analysed using verbal autopsy data. RESULTS: For all-cause mortality, overall rate ratios (RRs) comparing the period 2-6 years following ART roll-out with the pre-ART period were 0.58 (5.9 vs. 10.2 deaths per 1000 person-years) in Karonga, 0.79 (7.2 vs. 9.1 deaths per 1000 person-years) in Kisesa, 0.61 (6.7 compared with 11.0 deaths per 1000 person-years) in Masaka and 0.79 (14.8 compared with 18.6 deaths per 1000 person-years) in the Africa Centre DSS. The mortality decline was seen only in HIV-positive individuals/AIDS mortality, with no decline in HIV-negative individuals/non-AIDS mortality. Less difference was seen in Kisesa where ART uptake was lower. CONCLUSIONS: Falls in all-cause mortality are consistent with ART uptake. The largest falls occurred where ART provision has been decentralised or available locally, suggesting that this is important
Autobiography as Political Resistance: Anne Moody's Coming of Age in Mississippi
No full textabstract: ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on Anne Moody's use of the autobiographical genre as an extension of her political activism. Noting consistent values and conventions that govern the writing of political activists, this study asserts that Moody's narrative is best situated in the genre of political autobiography--a term coined by Angela Davis. Using Margo V. Perkins' text as a base to define autobiography as activism, this dissertation illustrates the consistent values that characterize Moody's narrative as political autobiography, resistance literature, and ultimately Black Power literature. Building on the works of Joanne Braxton, Patricia Hill Collins, Angela Davis, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, bell hooks, Margo V. Perkins, Assata Shakur, and Johnny Stover, this project demonstrates the use of Moody's autobiography as a collective form of resistance that is reflective of autobiography as activism. To frame its argument, this study theorizes how one comes into revolutionary consciousness, demonstrating the move toward activism as a process. Drawing on Sidonie Smith and Julia Watson's autobiographical theory that the "narrated I" is distinguished from the "narrating I," this study asserts, as Francoise Lionnet suggests, that the "narrating I" is the vehicle to deliver recollections relevant to the autobiographer's agenda. This study emphasizes that the early version of the self Moody creates is consciously linked to her role as a future activist, ultimately demonstrating her political evolution through the emphatic linking of the personal and political. Most importantly, this dissertation demonstrates that Moody's text represents a continuity--an autobiographical bridge--between representations of the Christian nonviolent civil rights movement and the Black Power movement of the late 1960's. This study argues that Moody's autobiography is ideologically poised at the intersection of civil rights and Black Power; therefore, it serves as both a civil rights autobiography and a Black Power autobiography. Coming of Age in Mississippi offers a unique contribution to the genre of Black Power autobiography for the way it facilitates unprecedented insight into the transition from non-violent civil rights ideology to revolutionary consciousness.Dissertation/ThesisPh.D. English 201
Private sector approaches to effective family planning
No full textEven if per-user costs are controlled or reduced, the rising demand for family planning services will far outstrip governments'and donors'financial resources in most parts of the developing world. This"resource gap"lies at the heart of donor-sponsored initiatives to involve the private sector in family planning, but there are other equally good arguments for doing so. Governments and donors are often unaware of how much the private sector (especially the commerical sector) already participates - and could participate - in family planning. The author discusses why the private sector should be involved in planning, how the private sector should be defined, what the experience has been so far with private sector involvement, and what might be expected in the future. To support family planning in the private sector, the author recommends that donors: (1) expand the total family planning market to help satisfy existing and future unmet needs for contraception; and (2) shift current users from subsidized to more nearly self-supporting outlets - without compromising coverage, equity, or quality of care. The kinds of private sector activities that donors should support depend in part on which contraceptive methods are to be emphasized. Nonclinical systems, for example, are the most efficient way to distribute supply methods (for example, oral contraceptives and condoms), as long as medical backup is available for women who suffer side effects or who wish to switch to another method. These systems of distribution free up scarce resources in clinical facilities and the time of limited medical personnel for the resupply of contraceptives. However, if sterilization is to be emphasized, a close link with existing hospital infrastructure is necessary. Nonclinical distribution favors commercial systems in urban and periurban settings and community-based distribution systems (either public or private) where commercial networks break down. Price subsidies might be considered in areas served by commercial systems, but where consumers cannot afford prevailing commercial prices. The author discusses a wide range of experiences in providing both"supply"methods and clinical methods, such as sterilization (including tubal ligation). Roving sterilization camps have proved effective in Nepal and Thailand, for example, where demand for the procedure was high; they may have backfired in other areas, such as India. Mobile clinic vans have been tried in such countries as Colombia andGuatemala, but their effectiveness and cost-efficiency have not been carefully analyzed. Among the topics the author covers: when to subsidize goods and services, when to introduce new subsidized nongovernmental organization outlets, which regulations may inhibit the expansion of private family planning efforts, how to foster demand for private sector family planning goods and services, and how to promote the private supply of such goods and services.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Health Economics&Finance,Gender and Health,Adolescent Health
A Dual Read-Out Assay to Evaluate the Potency of Compounds Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textPMCID: PMC3617142This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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