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Medicare expenditure growth and its health returns across cohorts
No full textThere are several key findings in the following chapters. In Chapter 2, the individual characteristics associated with higher spending growth over the period 1996 to 2008 were identified based on analyses with pooled cross-sectional data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The key factors that were associated with the adjusted growth rates higher than the actual Medicare spending growth rate (5.8% annually) from 1996 to 2008 include races other than the whites and blacks, Hispanic origin, high income, residence in the West, and very good health status. Findings from Chapter 3 reveal that enrollment in HMOs under Medicare is not random, but is systematically related to characteristics of Medicare enrollees. Using the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study, there were factors associated with a higher likelihood of becoming enrolled in Medicare Advantage/Part C. Chapter 4 examines the relationship between health care spending and returns to health with regard to five dimensions of health: mortality, hypertension, arthritis, self-assessed health status and mental health status (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CESD scale). The pre-Medicare characteristics were used to predict the change in these five dimensions of health after four years of Medicare coverage. The results reveal that increases in Medicare total and out-of-pocket spending were associated with poor health outcomes. Total spending was associated with a higher likelihood of death, worse self-rated health status (five categories) and mental health status. The increase in out-of-pocket health expenditure was associated with a higher chance of getting a worse category in self-rated health status after controlling for health status and other characteristics before being enrolled in Medicare. The findings of these studies suggest that policies to constrain Medicare spending should recognize and target the multiple factors contributing to Medicare expenditure growth and the dubious returns to health, as well as target integrated care for Medicare enrollees and incentives for individuals to prevent the onset of chronic health conditions.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Yi-Sheng Cha
[[alternative]]On The Thinking of Tian-dao of Guo-dian Bamboo Slips 'Tai-yi Sheng Shui'
No full text[[abstract]]〈太一生水〉作為佚文的特殊處在於它是一篇可類比為宇宙論的出土文獻。此文獻的天道思想因為「太一」概念而引起古代天文與數術思想的討論，並對「太一生水」的生成過程有所詮釋。本文首先省察「太一」概念的天文與數術背景，並說明其中所蘊含的價值觀。次而就研究者多從「宇宙論」（Cosmology）的理路來理解與詮釋〈太一生水〉的內容，本文分析如此詮解理路是否相應於簡文思想，進而後設地指出，實踐觀點纔是「太一生水」作為生成理序的理論目的，因此可結論〈太一生水〉的天道思想是以價值理序的觀念聯繫天道與人道。[[abstract]]Guo-dian Bamboo Slips ‘Tai-yi Sheng Shui’(Great One engendering water) is the lost text and excavated manuscript which analogous to cosmology. Because of the concept of Tai-yi, the thinking of Tian-dao of ‘Tai-yi Sheng Shui’ brought about discussion of Tian-un (the motion of Heaven) and Shu-shu(occultism, fortune-telling, mantic method), and interpretation of Great One engendering water. My paper, first, reflects on the background of Tai-yi to Tian-un and Shu-shu, and I illustrate the concept of Tian-un and Shu-shu of Tai-yi implying the value. Secondly, scholars mostly comprehend the context of ‘Tai-yi Sheng Shui’ by the logic of cosmology, but I doubt the interpretative schema whether corresponds to the thinking of bamboo slips, and figure out that the becoming order of Great One engendering water is about practical meaning. Therefore my paper concludes that the thinking of Tian-un (the Motion of Heaven) of ‘Tai-yi Sheng Shui’ connects Tian-un and humanity by value order
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Scanning Raman spectroscopy for characterizing compositionally spread films
Get PDFComposition-spread La1-xSrxMnO3 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique from LaMnO3 and SrMnO3 targets. The films were epitaxial with a continuous variation of the out-of-plane lattice parameter along the direction of composition gradient. Scanning Raman spectroscopy has been employed as a nondestructive tool to characterize the composition-spread films. Raman spectra showed the variation of the structural, Jahn Teller distortions and the presence of coexisting phases at particular compositions that are in agreement with the previous observation on the single-crystal samples. Raman spectra on the continuous composition-spread film also reveal the effect of disorder and strain on the compositions
2-D Direction Finding for Coherent Cyclostationary Signals Under Random Array Position Errors
No full textSupplemental material for 3D printed honeycomb spacers: Tailoring sandwich structures for enhanced electromagnetic shielding
No full textSupplemental material for 3D printed honeycomb spacers: Tailoring sandwich structures for enhanced electromagnetic shielding by Yi-Sheng Hong, Xiao-Feng Lu, Xiao-Lei Zhu, Kai-Lun Zhang and Mingji Chen in Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites</p
Unique 3-decomposition and mapping classes of knotted handlebodies
No full textThis paper proves a uniqueness result for 2-spheres that split a knotted handlebody in the
3-sphere along three parallel disks. We apply the result to study the symmetry of knotted
handlebodies, measured by the mapping class group. In particular, the chirality of 610 in the
handlebody-knot table, which was previously unknown, is determined. An infinite family of
hyperbolic handlebody-knots with homeomorphic exteriors is also constructed
Yi sheng xi ju yan jiu she: shou ci gong yan ji nian te kan.
No full text[編輯者蔡澄玄, 梅逢春].書名據封面."演出地址: 香港大會堂音樂廳 ; 演出日期: 一九六四年十一月十五日 ; 演出時間: 下午八時正開演"[bian ji zhe Cai Chengxuan, Mei Fengchun].Shu ming ju feng mian."Yan chu di zhi: Xianggang da hui tang yin yue ting ; yan chu ri qi: yi jiu liu si nian shi yi yue shi wu ri ; yan chu shi jian: xia wu ba shi zheng kai yan
(31(2):144-154)Factors Influencing the Development of Peanut Crown Rot Caused by Aspergillus niger and the Measures for Disease Management
No full text本研究測定影響落花生冠腐病發病之因子，並發展有效之防治方法。花生收穫剝殼時，花生仁表面污染Aspergillus niger，帶菌率可達100%，但為無效感染源。經過一年以上之儲存，部份污染外表之病菌，可感染種子胚部之子葉及胚軸，成為重要接種源，引起幼苗期病害，且無法以溫水浸種方法除去。土壤顆粒之A. nige含量（propagules/g soil）與發病無關，接種源需要營養基（food base）增加接種源潛勢（inoculum potential），才能引發病害。田間試驗顯示，以菌絲塊、小麥接種源或混雜玉米桿於田土等方法行接種試驗，在有傷口及乾旱的條件下，皆可引發病害，然而在花生播種後21 天內維持田間灌水，使土壤達田問含水量之溼度（-1 / 3 bars 左右），即可防治本病害。灌水措施可提高土壤及植物各部之水潛勢，而乾燥處理之土壤，導管及莖冠部組織之水潛勢，分別為-6.4、-3.1及-8.41 bars，而灌水措施者，則分別為-0.5、-0.7及-5.8 bars。
Factors influencing the development of peanut crown rot was investigated and the control measures were developed and recommended. During hand-shelling, surface of almost all peanut kernels might be contaminated with Aspergillus niger which was, however, a nonfunctional inoculum under this condition. When the contaminated seeds were stored for more than one year. A. niger might penetrate the seed coat (testa) and infect the cotylendons and embryonic axis, and became the important inoculum of crown rot in peanut seedlings. The inoculum could not be eliminated by seed treatment with hot water at temperatures up to 60°C without damaging seed germination. The density of A. niger in soil particles (propagules/g) had no effect on the occurrence of the disease. A. niger needed food base to increase the inoculum potential to cause crown rot of peanut. Field inoculation experiments showed that peanut plants might be killed by using mycelium mat, wheat inoculum or corn stalk as inoculum under dry condition (water stress) with wounded crown. However, irrigation of peanut field to maintain moisture at field capacity (-1/3 bars) within 21 days after planting could protect the plants from severe damage caused by A. niger. The water potentials of soil, xylem and crown tissue were -6.4, -3.1 and -8.4 bars in dry plots, and -0.5, -0.7 and -5.8 bars in irrigated plots, respectively
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