1,720,953 research outputs found
Revisiting feedback : an examination of the concept in higher education and suggestions for its role in translation education : a systems perspective
No full textDans la littérature sur la traduction et sur l’enseignement supérieur, on dépeint traditionnellement la rétroaction comme une transmission bienveillante et efficace d’informations correctives à l’apprenant par l’enseignant. Cependant, pour beaucoup d’apprenants et d’enseignants, la rétroaction est plutôt synonyme de frustration et d’insatisfaction. Cette réalité s’inscrit dans un contexte où de plus en plus de voix issues du domaine de l’enseignement supérieur s’élèvent pour réclamer une reconceptualisation de la rétroaction. Cela étant, où le bât blesse-t-il? La rétroaction s’avère un concept complexe, polysémique et hétérogène qui se prête à de multiples définitions. En outre, si de nombreuses études sont consacrées au concept dans la recherche sur l’enseignement supérieur, un domaine où, sous l’étiquette rétroaction formative, on considère généralement la rétroaction comme un outil permettant d’améliorer ou de renforcer l’apprentissage, la performance ou la réussite, du côté de la pédagogie de la traduction, on ne s’est que très peu intéressé au concept. Dès lors, il peut se révéler difficile de se faire une bonne idée de la manière dont la rétroaction peut être exploitée de manière bénéfique en pédagogie de la traduction (voire de savoir si elle l’a déjà été ou si elle pourrait même l’être), un domaine dans lequel il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude globale portant sur ce concept interdisciplinaire ou visant à démontrer sa pertinence en tant qu’outil pédagogique. Dans notre étude, nous tentons de combler cette lacune tout en répondant à trois questions en particulier : 1) Qu’est-ce que la rétroaction, particulièrement du point de vue de l’enseignement supérieur?; 2) La rétroaction est-elle pertinente pour améliorer l’apprentissage?; et 3) Quel (autre) rôle la rétroaction peut-elle jouer, le cas échéant, en enseignement de la traduction? La méthodologie sur laquelle notre étude se fonde est celle de la recherche conceptuelle; par conséquent, nous faisons appel à une vaste gamme de travaux savants ou non savants émanant de divers champs, dont l’éducation, le génie, la cybernétique, la psychiatrie, la psychologie et la théorie des systèmes. Points saillants de l’étude : Dans la partie A, nous explorons les origines de la rétroaction, la nature et la fonction du concept, de même que les écrits de théoriciens contemporains importants qui se sont penchés sur la question. Dans la partie B, nous examinons la conceptualisation et la définition de la rétroaction dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur en général puis nous proposons un recadrage de la rétroaction en tant que mécanisme de contrôle de la performance, c’est-à-dire comme un outil permettant de garantir la performance. Toujours dans cette partie de la thèse, nous proposons de reconceptualiser la rétroaction également comme un processus et comme une propriété, en plus de sa conceptualisation comme produit informatif. La partie C aborde la rétroaction en tant que phénomène systémique, en soulignant l’importance qu’elle revêt pour améliorer l’efficacité des enseignants lorsqu’il s’agit de guider les apprenants vers l’atteinte de leurs objectifs dans le cadre de leur formation en traduction. En résumé, notre thèse vise à fournir une étude exhaustive et accessible sur le concept de rétroaction à la communauté de l’enseignement de la traduction en enseignement supérieur. Par ailleurs, nous avançons que la rétroaction peut représenter un retour vers une approche transmissioniste de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage si elle est définie et conceptualisée exclusivement comme un produit informatif offert aux apprenants par leurs enseignants. Autrement dit, à moins de la conceptualiser, de la définir et de la comprendre dans toute sa complexité, la rétroaction peut se révéler un frein, voire un obstacle à l’apprentissage. Nous en venons finalement à la conclusion qu’en adoptant une approche cybernétique de la rétroaction (c’est-à-dire une rétroaction munie d’une fonction de guidage et de contrôle) ancrée dans un mode de pensée systémique, les enseignants adoptent du même coup une approche pragmatique qui est à même d’apporter de riches bénéfices aux apprenants de la traduction dans leur quête d’apprentissage et de performance. Mots-clés : rétroaction, rétroaction cybernétique, rétroaction formative, contrôle, génie, cybernétique, systèmes, formation en traduction, apprentissage, boucle de rétroaction.Historically, in Translation and in Higher Education, feedback has been painted as the benevolent, impactful transfer of corrective information from teacher to student. Speak to many a student and teacher and a different image emerges: frustration and dissatisfaction—all while there are increasing calls in the Higher Education literature for a reconceptualization of feedback. The problem? Feedback is a complex, polysemous, and heterogeneous concept that is susceptible of multiple definitions. Moreover, while there is a good deal of research that has been done on the concept in Higher Education, where, under the heading formative feedback, feedback is generally considered as a tool to improve or enhance learning, performance, or achievement, the concept has not been much studied in Translation Education. Consequently, it is sometimes difficult to get a full picture of how feedback can be or whether it has been or can be beneficially exploited in Translation Education, where there is no work of which we are aware that comprehensively studies this interdisciplinary concept or that seeks to demonstrate its fitness for purpose as an educational tool. Our study attempts to fill this gap while answering three questions in particular: 1) What is feedback, especially with reference to Higher Education? 2) Is feedback fit-for-purpose to enhance learning? 3) What role, if any, can feedback play in Translation Education? The study uses the methodology known as conceptual research. Consequently, we consult a wide range of scholarly and non-scholarly publications in various disciplines including: education, engineering, cybernetics, psychiatry, psychology, and systems thinking. Key highlights of the study: Part A explores the roots of feedback, the nature and function of the concept, as well as the contributions of selected scholars to contemporary feedback thought. In Part B, we examine the conceptualization and definition of feedback in Higher Education generally and propose reframing feedback as a mechanism to control performance (in this context, performance includes learning and achievement), i.e., to keep performance on track in both Higher Education and Translation Education. In this part of the thesis, we also suggest that feedback be reconceptualized as a process and as a property, in addition to its conceptualization as an information product. In Part C, we discuss feedback as a system phenomenon, emphasizing its importance in helping Translation teachers become more effective in guiding students towards their translation education goals. Our thesis, in a nutshell, aims to provide a comprehensive and comprehensible study of the feedback concept for the translation education community in Higher Education. It also argues that feedback, when conceptualized/defined exclusively as an information product offered to students by their teachers, can be a throwback to a transmissionist approach to teaching and learning and, further, that unless comprehensively conceptualized, defined, and understood, may be a disincentive and an impediment to learning. It concludes that by adopting a cybernetic approach to feedback (i.e., feedback with a steering and control function) in a systems framework, educators also adopt a pragmatic approach that can yield rich benefits for translation students seeking to meet performance/learning goals. Keywords: feedback, cybernetic feedback, formative feedback, control, engineering, cybernetics, systems, translation education, learning, feedback loop
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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