1,212 research outputs found
Hope and Society
No full textHope is a subjective representation that is wanted as something desirable in the future. Hope can be categorized according to factors such as achievability and sociality. In a Japanese nationwide questionnaire of approximately 2,000 people in their 20s to 50s, conducted in 2006, about 80% of respondents said they had some type of hope and 60% said that they believed their hope was attainable. The largest number of respondents described hopes regarding work, far outnumbering those who suggested hopes regarding family, health or leisure. Hope that is considered attainable is strongly defined by three social factors. This makes it possible to explain why a loss of hope spread between the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s. First, hope is influenced by the degree of choices available, which depends on affluence. Analyses have shown that people who are elderly and perceive their remaining time as limited, and those who have been marginalized in education and/or employment and/or who have low income and/or poor health, are more likely to report an absence of hope. Social changes, such as the falling birthrate, increase in low income population or unemployment, worsening health conditions and stagnating school advancement rates, have led to a rise in the percentage of people who lack hope. Secondly, hope is influenced by interpersonal relations based on exchanges with others, such as family members and friends. Individuals who grew up in an environment where they experienced expectations and confidence from their family are more likely to report having hope. Individuals with an awareness of having many friends are more likely to have hope. Further, those who interact with friends outside of work colleagues and family members are more likely to have hope regarding their work. Thus, friends have a great deal to do with the generation of hope not only quantitatively but qualitatively as well. The spread of loneliness among the Japanese population as a whole, symbolized by unstable family relations, bullying, social reclusiveness, NEETs, and the solitary death of senior citizens, has accelerated the spread of a loss of hope. In addition to economic and sociologic factors, we must focus on the narrative structure of society, which is believed to be necessary for facing an uncertain future, as a 2 social facet of hope. Statistical analyses show that individuals who have experienced setbacks that forced them to modify their hopes, and who, with the background of having overcome such obstacles, do not hesitate to make apparently vain efforts, are more likely to have attainable hopes. If the society in story consists mainly of people who have had such experiences and or who have such characteristics, people are more likely to have hope. We also need to have foresight about the direction of society beyond simply acceleration and efficiency, while being expected to make strategic judgments to avoid failures and to use non-wasteful problem-solving thought. Social circumstances in which there is no shared new value in story to provide such foresight can also contribute to an expansion of the loss of hope.
Effect of Transition Element Dissolution on Ytterbium-Doped Barium-Zirconate-Based Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
No full textCitation: Yuichi Mikami, Yuki Sekitani, Kosuke Yamauchi, Tomohiro Kuroha, Yuji Okuyama, Effect of Transition Element Dissolution on Ytterbium-Doped Barium-Zirconate-Based Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells, ACS Applied Energy Materials, 7(3), 1136-1148, 2024-01-27, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c0267
Performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells with Ba(Zr,Yb,Co)O3-δ cathodes and the impact of Co contained in cathode on durability
No full textCitation: Yuichi Mikami, Takehito Goto, Hiroshi Asano, Keita Kasuga, Kosuke Yamauchi, Tomohiro Kuroha, Yuji Okuyama, Performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells with Ba(Zr,Yb,Co)O3-δ cathodes and the impact of Co contained in cathode on durability, Journal of Power Sources, 613, 234832-234832, 2024-09, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.23483
TDS Measurement of Hydrogen Released from Stainless Steel Oxidized in H2O-Containing Atmospheres
No full textHydrogen dissolved in the Cr2O3 scale formed on the stainless steel in the H2O-containing atmospheres is observed by TDS (thermal desorption spectroscopy) measurements. The amount of dissolved hydrogen in the Cr2O3 scale reaches a maximum about 0.32 mol% when the H2O concentration in the gas reaches 20%. It was found from GDS (glow discharge spectroscopy) measurements that hydrogen may exist at the oxide scale / substrate interface or in Cr2O3 scale bounded that interface. However, results from the Vickers hardness and the observation of scale morphology by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), hydrogen dissolved in the Cr2O3 scale would have little effect on a decrease in the mechanical property of the Cr2O3 scale. Therefore, hydrogen dissolved in the Cr2O3 scale may not be main factor of the deterioration of the Cr2O3 scale
Author response image 1.
No full textNeurotransmitter is released at synapses by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. To sustain synaptic transmission, compensatory retrieval of membranes and vesicular proteins is essential. We combined capacitance measurements and pH-imaging via pH-sensitive vesicular protein marker (anti-synaptotagmin2-cypHer5E), and compared the retrieval kinetics of membranes and vesicular proteins at the calyx of Held synapse. Membrane and Syt2 were retrieved with a similar time course when slow endocytosis was elicited. When fast endocytosis was elicited, Syt2 was still retrieved together with the membrane, but endocytosed organelle re-acidification was slowed down, which provides strong evidence for two distinct endocytotic pathways. Strikingly, CaM inhibitors or the inhibition of the Ca2+-calmodulin-Munc13-1 signaling pathway only impaired the uptake of Syt2 while leaving membrane retrieval intact, indicating different recycling mechanisms for membranes and vesicle proteins. Our data identify a novel mechanism of stimulus-and Ca2+-dependent regulation of coordinated endocytosis of synaptic membranes and vesicle proteins
Examination of the Essential Work of Fracture Method for Paper
No full textThe "Essential Work of Fracture (EWF)" method to estimate fracture toughness was examined by means of infrared thermography and video-microscopy. Plastic deformation zone appears in three ways when deep double edge notched tension (DENT) specimens are strained under in-plane stress as follows: 1.type(i) - appearing whole through the ligament in a vague and scattering manner, and developing into a circular (or oval) zone even before or at the maximum load point; 2.type(ii) - appearing from the notch tips and amalgamating into a circular (or oval) zone after the maximum load point; 3.type(iii) - appearing from the notch tips and not amalgamating into a circular (or oval) zone until the sheet failure. Specimens with small ligament are likely to belong to type(i), while those with large ligament to type(ii)&(iii). The analysis using video-microscopy showed that crack propagation starts at the maximum load point for the specimens with small ligament length, while it starts earlier before the point with an increase of the ligament length. And it turned out that type(i) specimens belong to the former. According to the original prerequisite, the EWF method is valid if there is a complete yielding of the ligament before the crack propagation. Therefore only type(i) specimens are concluded to be valid for the EWF method
N=2 supersymmetric dynamics for pedestrians
No full textUnderstanding the dynamics of gauge theories is crucial, given the fact that all known interactions are based on the principle of local gauge symmetry. Beyond the perturbative regime, however, this is a notoriously difficult problem. Requiring invariance under supersymmetry turns out to be a suitable tool for analyzing supersymmetric gauge theories over a larger region of the space of parameters. Supersymmetric quantum field theories in four dimensions with extended N=2 supersymmetry are further constrained and have therefore been a fertile field of research in theoretical physics for quite some time. Moreover, there are far-reaching mathematical ramifications that have led to a successful dialogue with differential and algebraic geometry. These lecture notes aim to introduce students of modern theoretical physics to the fascinating developments in the understanding of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories in a coherent fashion. Starting with a gentle introduction to electric-magnetic duality, the author guides readers through the key milestones in the field, which include the work of Seiberg and Witten, Nekrasov, Gaiotto and many others. As an advanced graduate level text, it assumes that readers have a working knowledge of supersymmetry including the formalism of superfields, as well as of quantum field theory techniques such as regularization, renormalization and anomalies. After his graduation from the University of Tokyo, Yuji Tachikawa worked at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and the Kavli Institute for Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Presently at the Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tachikawa is the author of several important papers in supersymmetric quantum field theories and string theory
Seven connection patterns between the author research areas.
No full textSeven connection patterns between the author research areas.</p
線虫の神経ネットワークと行動の連関を網羅的に解析するためのファンクショナルセロミクス法の開発
No full text京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第24669号農博第2552号新制||農||1099(附属図書館)学位論文||R5||N5450(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻(主査)教授 菅瀬 謙治, 教授 小川 順, 教授 森 直樹学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA
- …
