1,721,384 research outputs found
Analysis of Single Buffer Random Polling System With State-Dependent Input Process and Server/Station Breakdowns
No full textModels and analytical techniques are developed to evaluate the performance of two variations of single buffers (conventional and buffer relaxation system) multiple queues system. In the conventional system, each queue can have at most one customer at any time and newly arriving customers find the buffer full are lost. In the buffer relaxation system, the queue being served may have two customers, while each of the other queues may have at most one customer. Thomas Y.S. Lee developed a state-dependent non-linear model of uncertainty for analyzing a random polling system with server breakdown/repair, multi-phase service, correlated input processes, and single buffers. The state-dependent non-linear model of uncertainty introduced in this paper allows us to incorporate correlated arrival processes where the customer arrival rate depends on the location of the server and/or the server's mode of operation into the polling model. The author allows the possibility that the server is unreliable. Specifically, when the server visits a queue, Lee assumes that the system is subject to two types of failures: queue-dependent, and general. General failures are observed upon server arrival at a queue. But there are two possibilities that a queue-dependent breakdown (if occurs) can be observed; (i) is observed immediately when it occurs and (ii) is observed only at the end of the current service. In both cases, a repair process is initiated immediately after the queue-dependent breakdown is observed. The author's model allows the possibility of the server breakdowns/repair process to be non-stationary in the number of breakdowns/repairs to reflect that breakdowns/repairs or customer processing may be progressively easier or harder, or that they follow a more general learning curve. Thomas Y.S. Lee will show that his model encompasses a variety of examples. He was able to perform both transient and steady state analysis. The steady state analysis allows us to compute several performance measures including the average customer waiting time, loss probability, throughput and mean cycle time.</jats:p
Finite element simulation of crack propagation under mixed mode loading conditions using element removing method
No full text(18(2):45-51)PATHOGENECITY OF DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF GUIGNARDIA CITRICARPA KIELY FROM VARIOUS SOURSES TO PONKAN FRUITS
No full text從子囊胞子，枯葉組織或葉片組織分離所得之缺緣型菌株（即慢速型菌株），與從各種果實病斑組織分離而得之菌株一樣，均能無傷接種惑染果實。在1968年氣象條件下，從七與八月接種之結果所示，得自硬化型或黑斑型果實病斑之菌株，接種後在果實上僅顯示雀斑型與腐敗型兩類病斑。果實繼續貯藏，雀斑型病斑可發育成為腐敗型病斑。在12供試菌株（除L-SA-9之外）中，得自子囊胞子之L-SA-1與L-SA-10兩菌株在果實上呈現強烈之病原性。
所有全緣型菌株（即快速型菌株），不論其來源，均能侵入果實但不引起病斑。
Lobe margined isolates (i.e. slower-growing isolates) of citrus black spot causal organism, Cuignardia citricarpa obtained from ascospores, dead leaf tissues or green leaf tissues as well as those individuals secured from various spotted skin tissues of fruits could infect fruits by the artificial inoculation without wounds. As a result of the inoculation test in July and August under the 1968’s climatic conditions, only two types of lesions including freckle spot and virulent spot were shown by the isolates which were originated from the hard spot or black speckle type of lesions on the fruits. Freckle spots would develop into virulent spots if fruits were stored continously. Among 12 isolates (exept L-SA-9), two isolates, i. e. L-SA-1 and L-SA-10 originated from the ascospores showed the strongest pathogencity.
All the entire margined isolates (i. e. faster-growing isolates) from the various origins could penetrate fruits but did not induce any sopts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
(22(2):135-144)Effect of Climatic Factors on The Development and Discharge of Ascospores of The Citrus Black Spot Fungus
No full text柑桔黑星病菌子囊殼形成與發育受氣象因子影響甚大。下雨、溫度、日曬、露水及土壤濕度均能影響子囊殼形成與發育。長期間下雨，不利於子囊殼形成。低溫、長期日曬與雨量稀少均能屬緩子囊殼發育之時間。溫度21~28℃之間，最適於子囊殼形成與發育。一般言，在子囊殼發育之最適溫度與雨量下，子囊成熟而時四至五週。
黑星病菌子囊胞子釋放與雨水有密切關係，若以含成熟子囊殼之枯葉組織塊浸水，約30分鐘後即開始釋放子囊胞子，其持續時期多不超過一天。在果園內大量子囊胞子釋放緊跟著下雨之後，然而有時在無雨情況下亦有極少數胞子釋放，且夜晚收集胞子數常較白天者為多，此可能受胞子持續時間和露水之影響。在本省新竹新地區，子囊胞子通常集中在五月下旬至九月底，其持續時期長達四個月。
The formation and development of perithecia of the citrus black spot fungus, Guignar-dia cilricarpa Kiely, on the fallen dead leaves of citrus were found mainly influenced by temperature and rainfall.
No perithecia developed at temperatures below 7℃ or above 35℃. At 14℃ perithecia, asci and ascospores were Observed 14, 32 and 42 days, respectively, after citrus leaves were detached and received alternative wetting and drying twutment daily. It required 10 days for the formation or perithecia and 27 days for ascospores at temperatures ranging from 21-28℃.
Morderate quantity of precipitation and even distribution of rainy days were favorable for the formation and development of perithecia. On the Other hand, large quantity of precipitation together with successive rainy days resulted in the decomposition of the dead leaves before the perithecia could develop and mature, thus eradicating the latent pathogen.
Prolonged dry we3ther inhibited the formation and development of perithecia, but it did not kill the latent pathogen. Ascospore release from mature perithecia was affected apparently by the times of rainfal rather than the total amount of precipitation. At optimal tempera-tures (21-28℃) and with adequate precipitation, maturation of perithecia on the dead leaves took approximately 4 to 5 weeks.
When the dead leaves with mature perithecia were immersed in water, the ascospores started to release after 20-140 min. In most of the cases, ascospore discharge lasted less than one day. Heavy spore discharge Occurred in the first day and the number of ascospore discharge declined in later days. Only a few spores were released after 9th day.
A large quantity of ascospores could be collected in the orchard shortly after rainfall; nevertheless, a few ascospores could still be collected under fair weather-more being the night than the day. Dew also had some effect on the formation and development of perit-hecia and the discharge of ascospores
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
(17(1):30-34)Laboratory And Field Evaluations Of Fungicides For Control Of Citrus Scab
No full text六供試藥劑中，阻止柑桔瘡痂病病原菌產生胞子之效果，以大富丹（Difolatan）為最優，其次為穀仁生（Gurasun）及大生M-45（Dithane M-45）。富爾培（Phaltan）再次之，大生Z-78（Dithane Z-78）及雷彈又更次之。
在田間撒佈試驗中，以大富丹1.25 kg./100 l.、雷彈2.5 kg./100 l.及大生Z-78 2.5kg./100 1.之效果為最佳。大富丹2.5kg./100 1.、大生M-45 2.5kg./100 1.及雷彈1.25 kg./100 1.次之。大生Z-78 1.25kg./100 1.、大生M-45 1.25kg./100 1.及富爾培2.5kg./100 1.和1.25kg./100 l.又次之。穀仁生之效果不穩定。
供試藥劑中，大富丹於室內及田間試驗皆為最優良之藥劑。穀仁生在室內試驗阻止胞子之效果甚為良好，但在田間試驗則甚不穩定。雷彈於室內試驗之結果不理想，但在田間試驗則顯示良好之防病效果。
In testing inhibitory effects of fungicides on sporulation of the scab causal fungus, six fungicides at the different dosage rates were incorporated into agar plates on which sections of diseased tissue were inoculated. Difolatan W-80 gave the best inhibitory effect. It inhibited nearly 90% sporulation of the fungus at the concentration as low as 3.125 ppm. Gurasun and Dithane M-45 showed the same inhibitory effect at the concent-ration of 12.5 ppm. The minimum concentrations for Phaltan and Delan to show the same inhibitory effect were 50 ppm and 200 ppm respectively. Dithane Z-78 at the conce-ntration of 50 ppm inhibited 69.4% sporulation of the fungus, it gave 100% inhibition at the concentration of 200 ppm.
Six fungicides were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling citrus scab at three orchards in the different areas. Difolatan at the rate of 1.25 kg. /100 l., Delan at 2.5 kg./100 1., and Dithane Z-78 at 2.5 kg. / 100 1. gave the best control for citrus scab. Difolatan at the rate of 2.5 kg./100 1., Dithane M-45 at 2.5 kg./100 1., and Delan at 1.25 kg. /100 1. were less effective than foregoing treatments. Only fair control was obtained with Dithane Z-78 at the rate of 1.25 kg. /100 1., with Dithane M-45 at 1.25 kg. /100 1., and with Phaltan at 1.25 kg. /100 1. and at 2.5 kg.J 100 1.
Difolatan W-80 at the rate of 1.25 kg./100 1. or Delan at 2.5 kg./100 1. applied at times of new flushes, petal falling, and three weeks after second application is being recommend-ded for citrus scab control
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