1,721,123 research outputs found
Studies on the Fungi Isolated from Root of Rice Plants Cultivated under Different Environments and Its Relation to the Development of Rice Root
No full text由稻根共分離18屬真菌，分別為Aspergillus, Botryoderma, Chaetophoma, Ciadosporium, Curvularia, Fusat-ium, Homococus, Paeciiomyces, Papularia, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Pullularia, Rhionotrichum, Rhizoctonia, Scytalidium, Stysanus, Trichoderma及Verticillium，抽穗期根棲真菌之族羣密度比乳熟期為高。利用人工接種，上述真菌均能侵入稻根。有些菌株更會造成稻根產生褐變現象。
Eighteen genera of fungi were isolated from rice roots. They were Aspergillus, Botryoderma, Chaetophonza, Cladosporiunz, Curvularia, Fusariurn, Homococu, Paecilom yces, Papularia, Penicilliurn, Pestalotia, Pullularia, Rhinotrichum, Rhizoctonia, Scytal dium, Stysanus, Trichoderma and Verticillium. The population of rice root-inhabitant fungi during the heading period of rice was higher than which on the milky stage. All fungi could be able to infect the rice root by artifical inoculation. Some isolates made the rice root as a result of discoloration
(29(1):27-33)Pathogenicity of different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kűhn to potatoes
No full text馬鈴薯「五豐」及「克難」兩品種對Rhizoctonia solani 引起之黑痣病均屬感病性。生育後期（80 ~95 天）田間發病率「五豐」為31.2 士3.2 % ，收穫前「五豐」為52.7 士7 %，「克難」為16.4 士3.7 %。R. solani 各菌絲融合群（TRAG）侵害馬鈴薯之比率為：TRAG 1佔9.3 % , 主要由莖部侵入後蔓延至莖基部及塊莖上；TRAG 2 佔11.1 % ，本群病原性較弱，主要危害莖部；TRAG 3 及TRAG 4 各佔39.9 與38.9 % ，均可分另別由莖、莖基部及種薯侵入為害。
Potato cultivars, such as Wu-feng and Ko-nan, were susceptible to black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kűhn. A survey carried out in the 1977/1978 period indicated that there were 31.2 ± 3.2% and 52.7±7% of disease for the variety Wu-feng at the late growth period and the time prior to harvest, respectively. While there were 16. 4±3.7% of disease for the variety Ko-nan at the time prior to harvest. Of those diseased potatoes, about 9.3% were caused by isolates of anastomosis group 1 (TRAG 1) which infected stems and eventually extended to stem bases and tubers, about 11.1% were incited by isolates of anastomosis group 2 ( TRAG 2) which showed weeker pathogenicity and were only able to infect stems, and about 39.8 and 38.9% were incited by isolates of anastomosis groups 3 and 4 (TRAG 3 and 4), respectively. Both TRAG 3 and TRAG 4 could infect stems, stem bases and tubers
(27(4):325-343)臺灣 Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 菌絲融合羣之研究
No full textAnastomosis among 264 isolates of Rhizocionia solani (=Thanatephorus cucumeris) indicated that 251 isolates fell into one of five groups (TRAG 1-TRAG 5) corresponding to groups previously descriebd by Ogoshi in Japan. Four of them (TR-AG 1-TRAG 4) were also comparable with those groups reported by Parmeter, et al in the North America, and Schultz and Richter & Schneider in the Europe.
Anastomosis between isolates from the same group was perfect fusion, imperfect fusion, or contact fusion. No hyphal fusion was observed between isolates of different groups. Each anastomosis group seemed to have specificity in the host range, but this specificity was not rigid.
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn菌絲融合(Anastomosis)之方式有三：(1)菌絲尖端對菌絲尖端、(2)菌絲尖端對側生小枝(Telemorphic branch)及(3)側生小枝對側生小枝等。依融合程度又可分成三種不同結果：(1)完全融合(Perfectfusion)。(2)不完全融合(Imperfect fusion)及(3)接觸融合(Contact fusion)等。菌絲完全融合之進行過程先由兩菌絲在相距7-15μm處，因相互間或其中一方之吸引而迅速接近，並在40~60分鐘內完成菌絲接觸、細胞壁融合及細胞質融合交流等步驟。完全融合後細胞不會死亡。不完全融合則在細胞質融合後，該細胞或其鄰近細胞會迅速地死亡。接觸融合則只進行到菌絲接觸，並不進行細胞壁及細胞質融合，菌絲亦停止生長。雖很多菌絲在融合前有誘引現象，但亦有許多菌絲並無互相誘引之跡象，菌絲融合完全憑相對菌絲之相遇機率行之。
基於同一菌羣中之兩菌株會發生完全融台、不完全融合、或接觸融合，而不同菌羣之兩菌株間則不發生融合之原理，本省探集之264 R.solani菌株中，有251菌株可歸類成TRAG 1、TRAG 2、TRAG 3、TRAG 4及TRAG 5等5個菌絲融合羣。另13菌株因互不產生融合，而尚未歸羣。各菌絲融合羣可寄生於不同作物上，而同一作物亦可受不同菌草寄生。TRAG 1之寄主植物有花主屬(Arachis sp.)、黃大豆屬(Glycino sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)、稻屬(Oryza sp.)茄屬(Solanum sp.)、蜀黍屬(Sorghum sp.)及虹豆屬(Vigna sp.)等7屬；TRAG 2之寄主有番椒屬(Capsicum sp.)、燈心草屬(Juncus sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)、萊菔屬(Raphanus sp.)、茄屬(Solanum sp.)及鬱金香屬(Tulipa sp.)等6屬；TRAG 3則只在茄屬(Solanum sp.)發現；TRAG 4之寄主範圍為青蔥屬(Allium sp.)、番椒屬(Capsicum sp.)、菊屬(Chrysanthemum sp.)、西瓜屬(Citrullus sp.)、黃麻屬(Corchorus sp.)、木槿屬(Hibiscs sp.)、亞麻屬(Linum sp.)及茄屬(Solanum sp.)等8屬；TRAG 5目前只在黃大豆屬(Glycine sp.)分離到。
以臺灣R. solani 5個菌絲融合羣之代表菌株與分讓自日本Ogoshi之5個菌絲融合羣代表菌株進行菌絲融合比較試驗。結果證明臺灣之TRAG 1, TRAG 2, TRAG 3, TRAG 4及TRAG 5依序相當於Ogoshi (1975)之AG-1, AG-2, AG-3, AG-4及AG-5。因Ogoshi (1975)曾用Parmeter, et al (1969)發表之代表菌株進行菌絲融合比較，因此類推前面4羣與Parmeter, et al (1969)之AG-1, AG-2, AG-3及AG-4, Schuitz (1936)之I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及IV，以及Richter和Schneider (1953)之A.D.F及C菌絲融合羣相當於Ogoshi (1965b)並指出AG-1, AG-2 type 1, AG-2 type 2, AG-3及AG-4依序相當於Watanabe和Matsuda之Sasakii type和Web-blight type, Winter crop type，Rush type和Root rot type, Potato type及Praticola type等。雖然日本Ogoshi (1965b)將AG-2分成type 1及type 2兩型，但因為本省有中間型菌株，故再分型似有商榷之必要。TRAG 5 (AG 5)只在日本及臺灣發現，而且Ogoshi (1975b)推測與Richter和Schneider (1956)之B羣相當，但因尚未進行菌絲融合試驗，難能真切確定
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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