114 research outputs found
Valorization of Apple Pomace Via Single Cell Oil Production Using Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides
No full text© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Apple pomace was used as a sole raw material for single cell oil (SCO) production by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 4444. Preliminary studies with glucose medium revealed 100 mL of working volume in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask as the most efficient in terms of lipid content. Thus, apple pomace hydrolysate was tested in six different conditions using 100 mL medium. The detoxified hydrolysate without chemical supplement (D medium) was found to be the most viable medium by 47.5 ± 2.47% lipid on dry cell basis (w/w). Apple pomace hydrolysate was also proven effective for SCO productions in bench-top fermenter (1 L working volume) under controlled temperature (25 °C), pH (5.0), and aeration (1vvm) by 40.1 ± 5.51% (w/w) lipid content. The same medium resulted in 50.9% (w/w) lipid on a dry cell basis in 30 L industrial-type bioreactor with 10 L of working volume, without exact control of temperature and pH. The results confirm that apple pomace is a prosperous raw material for SCO production in flask and fermenter scales. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Corylus avellana L. Husks an Underutilized Waste but a Valuable Source of Polyphenols
No full text[EN] Bioactive potential of hazelnut husks was determined as a function of their cultivar source and extraction solvent. Hazelnut husks from four hazelnut cultivars (Butler, Grada de Viseu, Lansing and Morell) were picked in a hazelnut orchard at harvest and extracted with five solvents with different polarity: water, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane. Phenolics were identified by HPLC-DAD and antioxidant activity was determined by three complementary methods: DPPH, FRAP and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. A total of 11 phenolics were identified in studied cultivars and grouped in five main classes namely, ellagitannin (ellagic acid), benzoic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid), flavonols (kaempferol-3,7-O-diglucoside, kaempferol-3-O-[6-acetylglucoside]-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-[6acetylglucoside]-7-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), flavone (luteolin-7-O-rutinoside) and flavan-3-ol (epicatechin). Cultivar and extraction solvent influenced significantly (p < 0.001) the extraction yield. 'Grada de Viseu' husks presented the highest content of individual phenolics identified, particularly in methanol extracts whilst 'Lansing' showed the lowest levels. Similar pattern was found for antioxidant activities. Methanolic husk extracts exhibited the greatest antioxidant potentials followed by water and acetone. The valorization of hazelnuts by-products gives an important contribution for the isolation and purification of bioactive molecules that can be used for both medicinal and industrial purposes.The author Sandra Cabo acknowledges the financial support by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (PB/BD/113615/2015) under the Doctoral Programme "Agricultural Production Chains-from fork to farm" (PD/00122/2012). The authors also acknowledge the financial support provided by National Funds from FCT, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2019. The authors acknowledge the financial support of INTERACT project "Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chains and Technology", no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020) and Project IBERPHENOL, Project Number 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E, co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through POCTEP 2014-2020.Cabo, S.; Aires, A.; Carvalho, R.; Pascual-Seva, N.; Silva, AP.; Gonçalves, B. (2021). Corylus avellana L. Husks an Underutilized Waste but a Valuable Source of Polyphenols. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 12(7):3629-3644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01246-4S36293644127Molnar, T.J., Goffreda, J.C., Funk, C.R.: Developing hazelnuts for the eastern United States. 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Construction and commissioning of CMS CE prototype silicon modules
No full textAs part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with ∼30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1 cm2, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with 30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration
Response of a CMS HGCAL silicon-pad electromagnetic calorimeter prototype to 20-300 GeV positrons
No full textCMS is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was extensively tested with beams at CERN's SPS in 2018. The electromagnetic section of the detector called CE-E prototype, consists of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each layer carries a hexagonal module where a multi-pad large area silicon sensor is glued between the electronics PCB and a metal baseplate. The sensor pads of approximately 1 cm are wire-bonded to the PCB and are readout by the Skiroc2-CMS ASIC. The prototype has been exposed to beams of positrons with energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV. Based on these data, measurements of the CE-E prototype energy resolution and linearity, position resolution, resolution on the positron angle of incidence derived from the shower axis reconstruction and shower shapes are presented and compared to detailed GEANT4 simulations
The DAQ system of the 12,000 Channel CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Prototype
No full textThe CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers
Timing Performance of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Prototype
No full textInternational audienceThis paper describes the experience with the calibration, reconstruction and evaluation of the timing capabilities of the CMS HGCAL prototype in the beam tests in 2018. The calibration procedure includes multiple steps and corrections ranging from tens of nanoseconds to a few hundred picoseconds. The timing performance is studied using signals from positron beam particles with energies between 20 GeV and 300 GeV. The performance is studied as a function of particle energy against an external timing reference as well as standalone by comparing the two different halves of the prototype. The timing resolution is found to be 60 ps for single-channel measurements and better than 20 ps for full showers at the highest energies, setting excellent perspectives for the HGCAL calorimeter performance at the HL-LHC
Measurement of the Z boson invisible width at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA measurement of the invisible width of the Z boson using events with jets and missing transverse momentum is presented using 37 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton–proton data collected by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The ratio of Z → inv to Z → ℓℓ events, where inv refers to non-detected particles and ℓ is either an electron or a muon, is measured and corrected for detector effects. Events with at least one energetic central jet with pT ≥ 110 GeV are selected for both the Z → inv and Z → ℓℓ final states to obtain a similar phase space in the ratio. The invisible width is measured to be 506 ± 2 (stat.) ± 12 (syst.) MeV and is the single most precise recoil-based measurement. The result is in agreement with the most precise determination from LEP and the Standard Model prediction based on three neutrino generations
Observation of electroweak production of W+W− in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA measurement of the production of W bosons with opposite electric charges in association with two jets is presented based on 140 fb−1of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The analysis is sensitive to the scattering
of W bosons, which is of particular interest in the ATLAS physics programme as it can be used to probe the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism of the Standard Model. This signal is observed with a signifcance of 7.1 standard deviations above the background
expectation, while 6.2 standard deviations were expected. The measured cross-section is determined in a signal-enriched fducial volume and is found to be 2.7 ± 0.5 fb, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction of 2.20+0.14−0.13 fb
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying into a heavy CP-even Higgs boson and a Z boson in the ℓ+ℓ−tt¯ and νν¯bb¯ final states using 140 fb−1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search for a heavy CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a heavy CP-even Higgs boson, H, is presented. It uses the full LHC Run 2 dataset of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The search for A → ZH is performed in the ℓ+ℓ−tt¯ and νν¯bb¯ final states and surpasses the reach of previous searches in different final states in the region with mH > 350 GeV and mA > 800 GeV. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is found. Upper limits are placed on the production cross-section times the decay branching ratios. Limits with less model dependence are also presented as functions of the reconstructed m(tt¯) and m(bb¯) distributions in the ℓ+ℓ−tt¯ and νν¯bb¯ channels, respectively. In addition, the results are interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models
Search for lepton-flavour violation in high-mass dilepton final states using 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search is performed for a heavy particle decaying into different-flavour, dilepton final states, using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV collected in 2015–2018 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with electrons, muons and hadronically decaying tau leptons are considered (eμ, eτ or μτ). No significant excess over the Standard Model predictions is observed. Upper limits on the production cross-section are set as a function of the mass of a Z′ boson, a supersymmetric τ-sneutrino, and a quantum black-hole. The observed 95% CL lower mass limits obtained on a typical benchmark model Z′ boson are 5.0 TeV (eμ), 4.0 TeV (eτ), and 3.9 TeV (μτ), respectively
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